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** Only 8-way movement instead of full range
** Only 8-way movement instead of full range
</ul>
</ul>
=== Frame skip ===
Quick Menu (menu + X on Rocknix) -> Core Options -> Video -> Frame Skipping. Default is OFF.


=== Analog to Digital Type ===
=== Analog to Digital Type ===
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* When to Leave It on “None”: If you're playing a game that uses real analog input (e.g., Super Mario 64 or Ape Escape), leave this set to None so the stick functions properly.
* When to Leave It on “None”: If you're playing a game that uses real analog input (e.g., Super Mario 64 or Ape Escape), leave this set to None so the stick functions properly.


=== On-screen overlay ===
=== On-screen overlays/bezels ===
* Bezels are static images that are displayed around the game screen, filling in the black areas. They can be designed to look like the original console you're emulating (e.g., a Game Boy or SNES), an arcade cabinet, or even generic retro-themed artwork.
* https://valent-in.github.io/retropad-editor/,  
* https://valent-in.github.io/retropad-editor/,  
** [https://forums.libretro.com/t/retropad-editor-create-and-edit-onscreen-gamepads/38331 RetroPad Editor - create and edit onscreen gamepads]
** [https://forums.libretro.com/t/retropad-editor-create-and-edit-onscreen-gamepads/38331 RetroPad Editor - create and edit onscreen gamepads]
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* [https://docs.libretro.com/guides/libretro-overlays/ What is a Libretro Overlay?]
* [https://docs.libretro.com/guides/libretro-overlays/ What is a Libretro Overlay?]
* [https://joelsgp.github.io/solutions/2021/12/15/retroarch.html Configure RetroArch on Android and fix problems] mentioned to choose anything under the "flat" directory for NES games.
* [https://joelsgp.github.io/solutions/2021/12/15/retroarch.html Configure RetroArch on Android and fix problems] mentioned to choose anything under the "flat" directory for NES games.
* [https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpreview.redd.it%2Fwsa3qmxrmcm71.png%3Fwidth%3D2468%26format%3Dpng%26auto%3Dwebp%26s%3D6eb4a82822907902e380f2df8c066046a99d7392 Common retro games screen ratio]
* Examples RG40xx h is 4:3 screen ratio
** NES, SNES, Genesis, PS1, N64: 4:3
** GBA: 3:2
** PSP: 16:9
** Arcade games varied widely, but many were wider or taller than 4:3
* RetroArch
** Quick menu -> Onscreen Overlay or Overlays.
** Go to "Display Overlay" and make sure it's set to "ON."
** Select a .cfg file
** Save Configuration:


=== Shader ===
=== Shader ===
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* PS1/PSX
* PS1/PSX
** [https://archive.org/download/chd_psx/CHD-PSX-USA/ Archive]
** [https://archive.org/download/chd_psx/CHD-PSX-USA/ Archive]
* NDS
** [https://archive.org/download/nds-collection NDS Collection]
* Dreamcast
** [https://archive.org/details/dreamcastchd Dreamcast CHD - USA - Fullset]. I need to extract 7z file for Batocera/Knulli.


* Google: download games roms for retro game console
* Google: download games roms for retro game console
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== BIOS ==
== BIOS ==
* https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Emulator_files (including download links for each systems)
* [https://github.com/Abdess/retroarch_system/releases/ Full & Clean BIOSes set for ArkOS, LibRetro, RetroArch, RetroPie, Recalbox and Batocera].
* [https://github.com/Abdess/retroarch_system/releases/ Full & Clean BIOSes set for ArkOS, LibRetro, RetroArch, RetroPie, Recalbox and Batocera].
* https://cdromance.com/bios-files/ (GameCube, ...)
* https://cdromance.com/bios-files/ (GameCube, ...)
== Aspect ratio/resolution ==
* [https://www.joeysretrohandhelds.com/guides/the-guide-to-aspect-ratios-resolutions-on-retro-handhelds/ The Guide to Aspect Ratio’s & Resolutions on Retro Handhelds]
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/SBCGaming/comments/pkjuvg/best_screen_resolution_for_retro_gaming/ Best screen resolution for retro gaming]
* Screen size comparisons https://shauninman.com/utils/screens/
* [https://retrobroker.com/en/blog/retro-gaming-aspect-ratios-and-resolutions-a-complete-guide Understanding Aspect Ratios and Resolutions in Retro Gaming]
* 20:19 ratio (0.95, height/width): NGPC (black bars on 2 sides on 4:3 devices)
* 16:15 ratio (0.94): NES
* 10:9 ratio (0.90): GBC
* 8:7 ratio (0.88): SNES
* '''4:3 ratio (0.75): NES, SNES, Master system, Sega Genesis, Dreamcast, N64, NDS, PS'''
* 10:7 ratio (0.70): Mega drive (black bars invisible)
* '''3:2 ratio (0.67): GBA''' 
* 16:9 ratio (0.56): PSP (black bars on top/bottom on 4:3 devices)
* Scaling
** Perfect or Near-Perfect Integer Scaling:
*** Arcade (CPS3, MAME, FBNeo): Many arcade games (like those using 320x240 or 384x224) scale perfectly to 640x480 at 2x.
*** Sega Genesis / Mega Drive: Native 320x240, scales perfectly 2x to 640x480.
*** PC Engine / TurboGrafx-16: 320x240, also scales 2x.
*** PlayStation 1: Most games are 320x240, so 2x scaling fits well.
*** Neo Geo: 320x224, 2x scaling with slight black bars.
*** Game Boy Advance: 240x160, 2x scaling gives 480x320—centered with black bars, but pixels remain sharp
** Systems That Don’t Scale Perfectly (But Still Look Good):
*** Super Nintendo (SNES): 256x224 native. 2x scaling = 512x448, so you’ll get black bars around the image, but pixels will be sharp and undistorted.
*** Game Boy / Game Boy Color: Lower resolutions (160x144), 3x scaling = 480x432, so you’ll have black bars but maintain pixel accuracy.
*** NES: 256x240, 2x scaling = 512x480, so black bars on the sides
** How to Enable Integer Scaling in OnionOS (RetroArch):
*** Open any game.
*** Press MENU + SELECT to enter the RetroArch Quick Menu.
*** Navigate to: Settings → Video → Scaling → Integer Scaling. Turn this option ON.
*** Optionally, save your configuration for all games or just the current core/game:
**** Go to Main Menu → Configuration File → Save Current Configuration
**** Or use Overrides for core/game-specific settings


== Check versions ==
== Check versions ==
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* Go to "Utilities". Select "Rescan ROM directory"
* Go to "Utilities". Select "Rescan ROM directory"


=== Theme ===
=== Theme gallery ===
* [https://youtu.be/g-HgwMtomhI TechDweeb theme]
https://gitlab.com/es-de/themes/themes-list


== Difficulty ==
== Difficulty ==
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* Advance Wars Days of Ruin
* Advance Wars Days of Ruin


== Slot: save game ==
== Slot and state: save/load game ==
* [https://billys-toybox.com/pages/save-state-how-to-save-games-in-retropie-emulation-station Save State - How to Save Games in Retropie / Emulation Station]
* [https://billys-toybox.com/pages/save-state-how-to-save-games-in-retropie-emulation-station Save State - How to Save Games in Retropie / Emulation Station]
* Menu + R1 - save state
* Menu + L1 - load state


== List of games ==
== List of games ==
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* [https://youtu.be/evuTu5fnDls?si=Cp-XKewoV_OTEqU4 THIS is How I Set Up Android Handhelds! (RP2s Setup Guide)] 2023/11
* [https://youtu.be/evuTu5fnDls?si=Cp-XKewoV_OTEqU4 THIS is How I Set Up Android Handhelds! (RP2s Setup Guide)] 2023/11
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tETxR8nFTDE Start-to-Finish COMPLETE Android Emulation Setup] 2025/8


* [https://youtu.be/eNfyBQK2NmI Play PSP Games On Your Android With PPSSPP!] By ETA PRIME
* [https://youtu.be/eNfyBQK2NmI Play PSP Games On Your Android With PPSSPP!] By ETA PRIME
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* [https://www.reddit.com/r/ANBERNIC/comments/zquqev/comment/j11qhja/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3  PS1 games having multiple games from on rom?]. Convert all the BIN and CUE files to CHD format. There are tools to do this. Saves a ton of space, and makes it so that you only have one CHD file per disc.
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/ANBERNIC/comments/zquqev/comment/j11qhja/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3  PS1 games having multiple games from on rom?]. Convert all the BIN and CUE files to CHD format. There are tools to do this. Saves a ton of space, and makes it so that you only have one CHD file per disc.
* On Anbernic rg353v I click 'SELECT' and 'VIEW CUSTOMISATION' -> 'FILE EXTENSIONS'. There are 11 file extensions selected by default. I just need to uncheck ".BIN".
* On Anbernic rg353v I click 'SELECT' and 'VIEW CUSTOMISATION' -> 'FILE EXTENSIONS'. There are 11 file extensions selected by default. I just need to uncheck ".BIN".
== Convert to CHD ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwCwVLEQzJI Compress Your ROMs on Android with CHDroid!]


== Convert 7z to zip file ==
== Convert 7z to zip file ==
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Check battery level: '''cat /sys/class/power_supply/axp2202-battery/capacity'''
Check battery level: '''cat /sys/class/power_supply/axp2202-battery/capacity'''


== High-end handhelds ==
== Evercade ==
* [https://youtu.be/WybXdnNJwwQ ONEXPLAYER 2 Big Screen EMU Energy]: Gamecube, PS2, Xbox 360, 3DS, WiiU, PS3, Yuzu Switch
https://evercade.co.uk/, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evercade Wikipedia]


= Other emulators =
= Other emulators =
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** Retroarch Hotkey: Select. Select + R1=save, Select + L1=Load, Select + A = Pause.
** Retroarch Hotkey: Select. Select + R1=save, Select + L1=Load, Select + A = Pause.
** Select + Start twice to quit a game.
** Select + Start twice to quit a game.
* Aspect ratio/resolution:
** [https://www.reddit.com/r/SBCGaming/comments/pkjuvg/best_screen_resolution_for_retro_gaming/ Best screen resolution for retro gaming]
** Screen size comparisons https://shauninman.com/utils/screens/


* Change and save '''Aspect ratio''' in RetroArch: '''Select + X''' when we are playing a game.
* Change and save '''Aspect ratio''' in RetroArch: '''Select + X''' when we are playing a game.
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== Knulli ==
== Knulli ==
* KNULLI is a fork of Batocera
* SSH: knulli.local. root/linux
* SSH: knulli.local. root/linux
* [https://knulli.org/play/add-games/game-storage/ Folder structure] follows [https://wiki.batocera.org/systems Batocera]
* [https://knulli.org/play/hotkey-shortcuts/ Hotkeys]
* [https://knulli.org/play/hotkey-shortcuts/ Hotkeys]
** Function + Start: Quit the game and return to EmulationStation
** Function + Start: Quit the game and return to EmulationStation
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** Function + Y: save  
** Function + Y: save  
** Function + X: load
** Function + X: load
** [https://www.reddit.com/r/RG35XX_H/comments/1dee8g5/anyone_knows_how_to_set_a_game_as_favorite_in/ To flag a game as a favorite]: '''Hold the X button''' while highlighting the game you want to favorite.
** Select a game and '''hold the A button'''. you can delete a game, add to favorites, scrape, edit this game's metdata and change emulator, and so on.
*  NDS hotkeys.
** [https://www.reddit.com/r/ANBERNIC/comments/1dh50k8/knulli_ds_games/ Function + L2 to toggle dual and single screen].
** L2 swap the first and the second screen
** R2 touch cursor click
** Right Joystick: Move the stylus
** Function + B Drastic menu
* [https://knulli.org/play/bioses/ BIOS]
* [https://knulli.org/play/bioses/ BIOS]
* [https://knulli.org/play/basic-inputs/ Input]
* [https://knulli.org/play/basic-inputs/ Input]
* File transfer.
** Main menu -> System settings -> Services -> Enable_WIFI_Dongle. Open local computer's file manager and find KNULLI. No username/password is needed. See [https://knulli.org/configure/networking/ Wiki -> Networking].
* [https://knulli.org/pt-BR/systems/media-player/ Media player] /userdata/roms/mpv folder
** mpv version 0.39.0
** m3u files do not appear in MPV file list in Knulli OS. A trick is to rename .m3u files to .mp4 files (cf. muOS supports the m3u file format directly).
** [https://github.com/iptv-org/iptv IPTV playlist] (95.9k): https://iptv-org.github.io/iptv/index.m3u
** [https://anym3u8player.com/m3u-generator/ m3u generator]
** Curated resources about IPTV [https://github.com/iptv-org/awesome-iptv Awesome IPTV] (8.7k).
*** For example [https://publiciptv.com/countries/us/categories/news PublicIPTV] -> [https://publiciptv.com/channels/nbcnewsnowus NBC News NOW] shows the URLs. PublicIPTV even includes a [https://publiciptv.com/m3u8 free online m3u8 player].
*** https://github.com/4gray/iptvnator/releases
* [https://knulli.org/systems/pico-8/ Pico8]
** Copy "pico-8_0.2.6b_raspi.zip" to roms/pico8 folder and then run the binary file '''knulli-install-pico8'''. At the end, several pico8* files do not appear in roms/pico8 folder.
** "touch [https://github.com/knulli-cfw/distribution/blob/85427e96c44c96b9c163c51d20f2c2a23c0cd278/package/batocera/core/batocera-configgen/configgen/configgen/generators/lexaloffle/lexaloffleGenerator.py#L22 Splore.png]". I do
**# Main menu -> System Settings -> Advanced/Frontend Developer Options -> '''Clean gamelists and remove unused media''' (remove unused entries, and clean references to missing medias)
**# '''nano gamelist.xml''' and remove existing Splore.png entry.
**# Main menu -> Game Settings -> Update gamelists
** Sometimes we need to edit gamelist.xml (it did not update removed games)
** After running scraping, file names will be replaced by the real game names in the game list according to <gamelist.xml>.
* Video guides
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZMwdyuAv7o KNULLI Starter Guide - Simple and Beautiful OS!]
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Za-7a6d2pyA KNULLI Gladiator Complete Setup Guide (ROMs, BIOS, Box Art, Tweaks)]
== muOS/MustardOS ==
<ul>
<li>[https://muos.dev/release/current Download]
* Installation will show a progress bar at the top of the screen (tested on muOS 2502.0 Pixie). Be patient.
<li>The interface is one page with 8 options: Content, Collection, History, Apps, Info, Config, Reboot, Shutdown!!!
<li>[https://retrohandhelds.gg/how-to-watch-live-tv-iptv-muos/ How to Watch Live TV On Retro Handhelds With IPTV and muOS]
* After selecting a file (mp4, m3u), we need to choose a core. Select "Media Player". Then it provides 3 choices: FFPlay, Live TV and MPV. Select MPV.
* There is no official support for batch assigning a core to multiple files at once.
<li>[https://muos.dev/help/addcontent Where do I put my content?]
* like http://192.168.1.XX:9090/.
* SSH - root/root, port 22.
* [https://muos.dev/web/sftpfilebrowser How to use SFTP + FileBrowser] - muos/muos.
<li>For each game systems, we need to create a new folder in SD1 > MUOS > ROMS and upload files there.
<li>For bios, upload them to SD1 > MUOS > bios folder.
<li>In Applications, it has
* Archive Manager
* Dingux Commander
* Flip Clock
* GMU Music Player
* Moonlight
* PortMaster
* PPSSPP
* RetroArch
* RGB Controller
* Simple terminal
* Task Toolkit - Backup XXX
<li>muOS does not support scraping. But there is a method. [https://www.reddit.com/r/SBCGaming/comments/1hrptw3/enhance_your_muos_experience_with_scrappy_a/ Enhance Your muOS Experience with Scrappy: A Powerful Scraper].
</ul>


== JELOS ==
== JELOS ==
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=== ROCKNIX ===
=== ROCKNIX ===
<ul>
<ul>
<li>https://rocknix.org/
<li>https://rocknix.org/ ROCKNIX is a fork of JELOS.
* https://github.com/ROCKNIX/distribution
* https://github.com/ROCKNIX/distribution
<li>[https://rocknix.org/systems/mplayer/ Media play] with mpv:  
<li>[https://rocknix.org/systems/mplayer/ Media play] with mpv:  
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* L1 + Select + Start: Exit Emulator / Application
* L1 + Select + Start: Exit Emulator / Application
* Menu + Volume Up: Brightness Up
* Menu + Volume Up: Brightness Up
<li>PSP
* Menu + X = Open RA Menu. See [https://rocknix.org/devices/anbernic/rg40xx-h/ RetroArch Hotkeys].
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/RG35XX/comments/15pze2n/psp_games_list/ PSP games list].
<li>Dreamcast (harder than PSP)
* Use native/internal resolution, '''Threaded rendering: On, V-Sync: OFF, Anisotropic/enhancements: OFF'''
* If a game is just shy of full speed, try '''Frameskip=1''' or Audio Stretch
* Prefer '''CHD''' over '''GDI''' over CDI for accuracy and fewer glitches
* For fighters, set '''Input polling = Early''' and '''Run-Ahead=1''' in RetroArch to trim latency.
<li>[https://rocknix.org/systems/ports/ PortMaster]
* After I installed a game, a '''.sh''' file was created in '''/roms/port_scripts''' folder. I need to move them to the '''/roms/ports''' folder. See [https://www.reddit.com/r/RGB30/comments/1aodbjs/games_installed_with_portmaster_not_showing_up/ this].
* File manager: Y=Select a file. X=menu. A=Confirm. B=Back.
<li>[https://rocknix.org/systems/pico-8/ Pico-8]. To quit it, press Start -> Options -> Shutdown Pico-8.
</ul>
</ul>


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** The emulators are categorized by '''Arcade systems, Consoles and PC systems, Handheld systems''', etc.  
** The emulators are categorized by '''Arcade systems, Consoles and PC systems, Handheld systems''', etc.  
** [https://archive.org/details/tiny-best-set-go Tiny Best Set: GO!]
** [https://archive.org/details/tiny-best-set-go Tiny Best Set: GO!]
* To change the '''game core''' for a specific game in OnionOS, follow these steps:
** Navigate to the game in your game list.
** Press the '''Y''' button on the game you want to change the core for. This opens the [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/game-list-options Game List Options (GLO)] menu
** [https://onionui.github.io/docs/emulators Emulators]
* You can access the RetroArch Quick Menu while playing a game in OnionOS.
** To do this, press the MENU button and the SELECT button at the same time while in-game.
** See [https://onionui.github.io/docs/faq FAQ] about changing a game's scaling
* To start a game from the beginning in OnionOS—rather than loading from the last auto-save state—you have several options:
** '''Use the "Reset Game" Feature''' (Recommended). In the game list, highlight the game you want to start fresh. Press the '''Y''' button to open the '''Game List Options (GLO) menu'''. Select "Reset game".
** '''Restart the Game via RetroArch''': While in-game, hold the '''MENU and SELECT''' buttons to open the RetroArch menu. In the menu, look for the "Restart" option. Selecting this will reboot the game to the title screen, starting from the beginning.
** '''Disable Auto-Load Save States''' (Optional, for future launches): Launch any game and press '''MENU + SELECT''' to open the RetroArch menu. Press B to go back one level. Navigate to Settings › Saving › Load State Automatically and turn it off. To make this change permanent, go to Quick Menu › Overrides and select Save Game Overrides (for just this game), Save Core Overrides (for all games on this core), or Save Content Overrides (for all games in the folder).
* '''Menu''' button. See the [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/shortcuts Shortcuts] page.
** In the Main Menu (not in a game)
*** Short press MENU: Launches the GameSwitcher—a quick-access interface to browse and resume recently played games.
*** Long press MENU (or hold): Opens the context menu for additional options.
*** Double press MENU: Resumes the last played game.
** In-Game
*** Short press MENU: Saves your current state and exits to the GameSwitcher (quick game switching interface).
*** Long press MENU (hold): Saves your current state and exits all the way back to the main menu.
*** Double press MENU: Launches the second-most recently played game.
** Other MENU Button Combos (In-Game)
*** MENU + SELECT: Opens the RetroArch Quick Menu.
*** MENU + START: Changes aspect ratio.
*** MENU + L/R: Toggles rewind/fast forward.
*** MENU + L2/R2: Loads/saves state.
*** MENU + X: Toggles FPS display.
*** MENU + POWER: Takes a screenshot.
* Keep Aspect Ratio (default RetroArch video settings for most sytems):
** If you turn integer scale off and keep aspect ratio on in RetroArch, the emulator will try to scale the game image as large as possible to fill the screen while still preserving the original aspect ratio.
** Arcade game (MAME, FBNeo, CPS3) resolutions vary widely. Some cores or system presets may use integer scaling ON by default if the native resolution is a good fit for the Miyoo Mini Plus screen, but generally, integer scale is OFF unless you override it.


* Guide
* Guide
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** RetroArch
** RetroArch
** Search
** Search
** Themes
** [https://github.com/OnionUI/Themes?tab=readme-ov-file Themes]
** Tweaks
** Tweaks
*** System
*** System
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**** Hotspot
**** Hotspot
**** Samba
**** Samba
**** HTTP
**** '''HTTP'''. After we enable it, it will run the [https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/releases File Browser] program. We can use the IP address to upload/download files on SD card. It also shows the SD card used/full size.
**** SSH  ("uname -a" shows Linux version 4.9.84, armv7l)
**** SSH  ("uname -a" shows Linux version 4.9.84, armv7l)
**** FTP
**** FTP
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*** Tools
*** Tools
** Battery Monitor
** Battery Monitor
** [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/file-explorer File Explorer] ([https://www.clockworkpi.com/post/dingux-commander-file-browser-manager DinguxCommander]). This needs to be installed from Apps -> Package Manager -> APPS. Inside File Explorer, hit "Y" to bring up the right-click menu (includes an Exit item).
** [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/file-explorer File Explorer] ([https://www.clockworkpi.com/post/dingux-commander-file-browser-manager DinguxCommander]). This needs to be installed from Apps -> Package Manager -> APPS. *** Inside File Explorer, hit "Y" to bring up the right-click menu (includes an Exit item).
*** A: Open folder / View or execute file
*** B: Move up one directory / Cancel action
*** X: Manage selected items (Copy/Delete/Move etc)
** [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/video-player Video player]. MENU to quit a video. START for full screen/16:9.
** [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/music-player Music player]. A hint "MENU + Select to exit" is shown on the "Apps" screen.


* Settings
* Settings
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** Sleep timer
** Sleep timer
** About device. See Used/total storage
** About device. See Used/total storage
* Hotkeys
** [https://onionui.github.io/docs/emulators/nds NDS]
* Display video thumbnails of games. See [https://onionui.github.io/docs/apps/advancemenu AdvanceMENU].


* Top games
* Top games
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== PPSSPP ==
== PPSSPP ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzFWKj3Y55M PPSSPP PSP Emulation on Android Complete Setup Guide! HD Textures, 60FPS, Cheats & More!]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzFWKj3Y55M PPSSPP PSP Emulation on Android Complete Setup Guide! HD Textures, 60FPS, Cheats & More!]
* [https://youtu.be/NelIQSgyzDg PSP Emulation Tweak Guide for ANBERNIC RG35XX H]


== Dolphin: Wii and GameCube ==
== Dolphin: Wii and GameCube ==
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzu_(emulator) Yuzu]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzu_(emulator) Yuzu]
* [https://ubuntushell.com/install-ryujinx-on-ubuntu/ How to install the Ryujinx Emulator on Ubuntu and Other Distros]
* [https://ubuntushell.com/install-ryujinx-on-ubuntu/ How to install the Ryujinx Emulator on Ubuntu and Other Distros]
== MAME ==
[https://www.howtogeek.com/mames-latest-update-adds-support-for-a-rare-arcade-game/ MAME's Latest Update Adds Support for a Rare Arcade Game]


== DOS games DOSBox ==
== DOS games DOSBox ==
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<li>[https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=50290 Default gamepad button mappings]
<li>[https://www.lexaloffle.com/bbs/?tid=50290 Default gamepad button mappings]
<li>[https://wiki.batocera.org/systems:pico8 Batocera]. See the mapping of buttons and keys. It also shows how to modify '''es_systems_pico8.cfg''' to include pico-8.
<li>[https://wiki.batocera.org/systems:pico8 Batocera]. See the mapping of buttons and keys. It also shows how to modify '''es_systems_pico8.cfg''' to include pico-8.
<li>[https://retrodeck.readthedocs.io/en/latest/wiki_engine_guides/pico8/pico8-guide/#how-to-download-the-games How do I download a game (.png)]
* Go to Pico-8 Carts.
* Go to a game page.
* Navigate to the bottom left corner of the game and click on the icon called Cart (marked in the image).
* A static image will now show up.
* Right click the image and click Save Image As.
* Give the file a name that reflects the game. In this example: Vampire vs Pope Army.png
<li>File name extension. You should not simply rename Pico-8 game files from *.p8.png to *.p8 or *.png without understanding the consequences:
* .p8 — This is a plain text source code file for a Pico-8 cartridge.
* .p8.png — This is a special PNG image file that contains the game’s code and data embedded in the image’s pixel data. It is both a valid PNG image (viewable as a picture) and a Pico-8 cartridge (loadable by Pico-8).
</ul>
</ul>


== Xbox ==
== Xbox ==
[https://www.makeuseof.com/play-xbox-games-with-xemu/ How to Play Classic Xbox Games on Your PC With Xemu]
[https://www.makeuseof.com/play-xbox-games-with-xemu/ How to Play Classic Xbox Games on Your PC With Xemu]
== Windows PC games ==
* [https://github.com/brunodev85/winlator Winlator] Android application
* [https://github.com/gamehublite/gamehub-oss GameHub Lite Project] (run on Android)
** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqptnpn_NWQ Retro Handhelds are Steam Decks Now]


== Power consumption for different games ==
== Power consumption for different games ==
Line 1,456: Line 1,663:


= Streaming =
= Streaming =
* [https://www.makeuseof.com/how-to-use-laptop-as-monitor-xbox-series-x-s/ How to Use a Laptop as a Monitor for Your Xbox Series X|S]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/stream-games-from-your-gaming-pc-to-your-raspberry-pi-with-sunshine/ How to Stream PC Games to Raspberry Pi with Sunshine & Moonlight]
* [https://retrogamecorps.com/2021/09/23/guide-moonlight-on-retro-handhelds/ Guide: Moonlight on Retro Handhelds], [https://retrogamecorps.com/2023/10/27/powkiddy-rgb30-starter-guide/ PowKiddy RGB30 Starter Guide]
* [https://moonlight-stream.org/ Moonlight] (NVIDIA gpu)
* [https://moonlight-stream.org/ Moonlight] (NVIDIA gpu)
** [https://youtu.be/YgMbGd-D6xE?t=1368 PC streaming & Game Pass] in Anbernic RG353P In-Depth Review
** [https://youtu.be/YgMbGd-D6xE?t=1368 PC streaming & Game Pass] in Anbernic RG353P In-Depth Review
Line 1,467: Line 1,675:
** [https://github.com/ClassicOldSong/moonlight-android Artemis Android]
** [https://github.com/ClassicOldSong/moonlight-android Artemis Android]
** [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt Moonlight]
** [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt Moonlight]
* [https://github.com/ClassicOldSong/Apollo Apollo], [https://github.com/ClassicOldSong/Apollo/wiki Wiki]
** Apollo/Sunshine (server) -> Artemis (Android)/Moonlight (PC/Other)


= Online/browser =
= Online/browser =
Line 1,543: Line 1,753:
** I am using the keyboard mode. Change the bottom switch to 'K'.  
** I am using the keyboard mode. Change the bottom switch to 'K'.  
** When I use 8bitdo Ultimate Software from Android, I can easily remap buttons. Remapping is persistent. After I connect the controller to Debian Linux, the remapping still holds.
** When I use 8bitdo Ultimate Software from Android, I can easily remap buttons. Remapping is persistent. After I connect the controller to Debian Linux, the remapping still holds.
** Control sound volume. The ultimate software does not currently support assigning system-level functions like volume up/down to arbitrary buttons. A workaround using third-party Android apps: '''Using Key Mapper Apps'''
**# Pair your 8BitDo controller to your Android device in keyboard or controller mode.
**# Install a key mapping app like Key Mapper.
**# In the app, assign specific controller buttons (e.g., D-pad up/down) to trigger the Android system’s volume up/down actions.
**# Grant the necessary permissions to the app so it can control system volume. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jf1jxDKYDIY video].
Now, pressing the assigned button on your controller will change the device’s volume, including during YouTube playback


* From official 8bitd.com
* From official 8bitd.com
Line 1,554: Line 1,771:
== D-Pad ==
== D-Pad ==
[https://www.howtogeek.com/types-of-games-you-should-play-with-your-d-pad-instead-of-an-analog-stick/ 10 Types of Games You Should Play With Your D-Pad Instead of an Analog Stick]
[https://www.howtogeek.com/types-of-games-you-should-play-with-your-d-pad-instead-of-an-analog-stick/ 10 Types of Games You Should Play With Your D-Pad Instead of an Analog Stick]
== Wii remote ==
[https://www.howtogeek.com/ways-to-repurpose-an-old-nintendo-wii-remote/ 5 Ways to Repurpose an Old Nintendo Wii Remote]


= Chromebook, TV box =
= Chromebook, TV box =
Line 1,676: Line 1,896:
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-drTyzJxHw8 Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb - Full Game Walkthrough] PS2
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-drTyzJxHw8 Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb - Full Game Walkthrough] PS2
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V99abjiIDw4 INDIANA JONES AND THE GREAT CIRCLE Gameplay Walkthrough FULL GAME] PC
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V99abjiIDw4 INDIANA JONES AND THE GREAT CIRCLE Gameplay Walkthrough FULL GAME] PC
= Street fighter 快打旋風 with training mode =
See [https://www.reddit.com/r/StreetFighter/comments/a4cnfa/street_fighter_2_practice_mode/ Street Fighter 2 Practice Mode]
* Street Fighter II: Hyper Fighting (PS1 and [https://news.capcomusa.com/lets/browse/street-fighter-30th-anniversary-collection-training-and-versus-mode-details 30th Anniversary Collection only])
* Super Street Fighter II Turbo (GBA and 30th Anniversary Collection)
* Street Fighter Alpha 3 (GBA and 30th Anniversary Collection). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nOaqaG3LV84 Street Fighter Alpha 3 - Ryu Move List]
* Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike (30th Anniversary Collection and some mods)
= Retro racing games =
[https://www.howtogeek.com/old-school-retro-racing-games-that-are-still-worth-playing/ 12 Old School Retro Racing Games That Are Still Worth Playing]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Game
! Released / Era
! Platform(s) / Type
! What Makes It Still Worth Playing
|-
| Need for Speed Underground 2
| 2004
| PS2, Xbox, etc.
| Open-world arcade style, heavy car customization, strong soundtrack
|-
| Ridge Racer
| Early 1990s
| Arcade / PlayStation / ports
| Great sense of speed, satisfying arcade physics
|-
| F-Zero
| 1990 (SNES)
| Super Nintendo / ports
| Futuristic high speed, tight control, memorable tracks
|-
| Wipeout 2097 (Wipeout XL)
| 1995
| PlayStation / ports
| Anti-gravity racing, sleek visuals, soundtrack
|-
| Gran Turismo 4
| 2004
| PS2
| Huge car & track roster, depth and realism
|-
| Burnout 3: Takedown
| 2004
| PS2, Xbox
| Fun arcade crashes, takedowns, intensity
|-
| Virtua Racer
| 1992
| Arcade / Sega systems / ports
| Early 3D racer, still fun for arcade feel
|-
| Crazy Taxi
| 1999
| Arcade / Dreamcast / others
| Racing through traffic vs time, big personality
|-
| Forza Motorsport 2
| 2007
| Xbox 360
| Good balance of simulation and arcade, customization
|-
| Rock N Roll Racing
| 1993
| SNES / compilations
| Mix of music + racing, fun isometric view
|-
| Micro Machines
| 1991 (original) onward
| NES, SNES, handhelds, ports
| Top-down racing with toy vehicles, creative courses (e.g. desktops, pool tables)
|-
| Colin McRae Rally
| 1998
| PlayStation, PC, etc.
| Real rally cars & tracks, difficulty modes, car handling, set up mechanics
|}


= Game and Watch =
= Game and Watch =

Latest revision as of 08:37, 31 October 2025

Retro Game Console/Emulator

Resource

Beginners

RetroArch

  • Summary of the RetroArch GUI:
    • Main Menu (RetroArch icon) - Load Core, Load Content, Online Updater, Configuration File, Help, Quit
    • Settings (Gear icon) - Driver, Video, Audio, Input, Latency, Configuration, Saving, Logging, File Browser, Frame Throttle, On-Screen Display, User Interface, AI Service, Power Management, Achievements, Network, User, Directory
    • History (Click icon)
    • Import Content (+ sign)
  • My experience:
    • Rotate the phone to landscape.
    • It seems we need to click everything twice (except the top level: Main menu/Settings/History...) to enter the option.
    • The first row shows the RetroArch icon. Click on anywhere at the top row will return back to the previous level. Do not use the 'swipe' gesture. For example, if we are on 'Main Menu' and click on 'Online Updater', the word next to the RetroArch will change from 'Main Menu' to 'Online Updater'.
    • During playing a game, we can click the 'RetroArch' icon at the bottom to bring up the "Quick Menu" where we have options of 'Resume', 'Restart', 'Close Content', 'Take Screenshot', 'State Slot', 'Save State', 'Load State', 'Undo Load State', 'Undo Save State', 'Options', 'On-Screen Overlay', 'Video Layout', 'Rewind', 'Latency', 'Controls', 'Cheat'. 'Shaders', 'Overrides' and 'Information'.
    • During playing a game, we can click on the "Start" icon to pause a game.
    • Main Menu
      • Online Updater (a globe icon).
        • Core Downloader. Download the cores you need. You will see a symbol [#] next to the core we have already downloaded. See "RetroArch Starter Guide" for preferred cores for popular systems.
        • Update Core info files/Assets/Controller Profiles/Cheats/Databases/Shaders.
        • 'On-Demand Thumbnail Downloads' = ON.
      • Configuration File. Save Current Configuration.
    • Settings
      • Drivers. Video = gl/vulkan.
      • Video.
        • Scaling. Integer Scale, Aspect Ratio, Video Filter.
        • Bilinear Filtering
      • Input.
        • Port 1 Controls.
        • Hotkeys. This works if we have a controller/keyboard/mouse. See "RetroArch Starter Guide" for a list of useful hotkeys.
      • Configuration. 'Save Configuration on Quit' = ON.
      • Saving. 'Auto Save State' = ON. 'Load State Automatically' = ON.
      • On-Screen Display. 'On-Screen Overlay' = ON. 'Hide Overlay When Controller is Connected' = ON.
      • User Interface.
        • Menu Item Visibility. Turn off of the following: Show Explor, Show Favorites, Show Images, Show Music, Show Netplay.
        • Menu. glui -> ozone
      • Playlists.
        • Manage Playlists. We can change the default core or refresh/delete a playlist.
      • Directory. File Browser -> browser to the top folder of ROM files.
    • Import Content
      • Scan Directory
      • Scan File
      • Manual Scan (better than Scan Directory).
        • Scan Inside Archives: this will scan the files within the zip file, whether you want this on will depend on the system you are scanning. You will want this off if scanning arcade games.
        • Arcade DAT File: this is important if you are scanning arcade games.
        • 'Overwrite Existing Playlist'.

Install on Ubuntu

Recommended cores

  • joeysretrohandhelds (popular systems)
  • My preferred RetroArch cores for popular systems from retrogamecorps
    • Arcade (FB Alpha 2012) -- for low-end devices
    • Arcade (FinalBurn Neo) -- fighting games and beat'em ups
    • Arcade (MAME 2003-Plus) -- all-around arcade emulation
  • For MAME games, I'll use the "Arcade (FinalBurn Neo)" as the default core. If FBNeo failed for an individual game, then I'll modify the game's metadata (SELECT button) and scroll down to the very bottom "ALTERNATIVE EMULATOR" and select "Arcade (MAME 2003-Plus)" .

Tips

Retroarch Not Working? Here Are Some Fixes for You

ROM file extensions

Interface

Input, port

  • Each port represents a "slot" where a controller can be connected.
  • Single-player games only use Port 1, so the active controller needs to be assigned to it.
  • In multiplayer games, players use Ports 1–4, and you can assign specific controllers to each one in RetroArch.

When you plug in an external controller, RetroArch moves that controller to Port 1 and internal shifts to Port 2.

Controller tester

  • jstest
    sudo apt update
    sudo apt install joystick
    jstest /dev/input/js0  # jstest --normal /dev/input/js0
    
    • This will show you real-time button presses and analog stick movements.
    • Real-time readouts of axis values (usually axis 0 & 1 for left stick, 2 & 3 for right stick).
    • Full-range (analog): Axis values change smoothly (e.g., 0 → 500 → 12000 → 32767).
    • If js0 doesn’t exist, use ls /dev/input/ to check what input devices are listed.
    • If the axis jumps, sticks, or doesn’t reach full values, you may have a hardware issue or a misconfigured driver.
    • 8-way (digital-style): Values jump directly to fixed values like -32767 or +32767, and stay there.
  • jstest-gtk
  • Move your joystick and observe response in menu navigation or games that rely on analog input (e.g., N64, Dreamcast).
    • N64
      • Super Mario 64 – Mario walks, jogs, or runs depending on how far you tilt the stick.
      • The Legend of Zelda : Ocarina of Time - Link walks or runs based on analog input.
      • Wave Race 64 - Precise analog steering of your jet ski.
      • Mario Kart 64 - Steering is analog-sensitive; tighter or looser turns based on input strength.
    • PS1
      • Ape Escape - Requires dual analog sticks — one for movement, one for tools.
      • Gran Turismo - Acceleration and steering are analog-sensitive.
      • Metal Gear Solid (DualShock version) - Can use analog stick for smoother sneaking.
    • Dreamcast
      • Crazy Taxi - Analog steering and throttle control.
      • Sonic Adventure - Sonic moves faster with more tilt.
      • Virtua Tennis - Movement around the court is analog-based.
    • PSP
      • God of War: Chains of Olympus Movement and aiming respond to stick pressure.
      • Daxter Full analog 3D movement.
      • Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories Analog driving and walking.
    • Some signs of problems:
      • Drifting (cursor moves without touching stick)
      • No response or full-lock behavior
      • Only 8-way movement instead of full range

Frame skip

Quick Menu (menu + X on Rocknix) -> Core Options -> Video -> Frame Skipping. Default is OFF.

Analog to Digital Type

  • It maps analog stick movement to D-pad directions (↑ ↓ ← →) for older or digital-only games and emulators.
  • Example Use Case: You’re playing an NES or SNES game that only supports the D-pad.
  • When to Leave It on “None”: If you're playing a game that uses real analog input (e.g., Super Mario 64 or Ape Escape), leave this set to None so the stick functions properly.

On-screen overlays/bezels

  • Bezels are static images that are displayed around the game screen, filling in the black areas. They can be designed to look like the original console you're emulating (e.g., a Game Boy or SNES), an arcade cabinet, or even generic retro-themed artwork.
  • https://valent-in.github.io/retropad-editor/,
  • https://github.com/libretro/common-overlays contains png files for different on-screen overlay.
  • My default is "neo-retropad.cfg" under /data/user/0/com.retroarch/overlays/gamepads/neo-retropad/. Why sometimes the d-pad becomes an analog-stick?
    • The cfg files are located at /storage/user/0/com.retroarch/overlays/gamepads directory.
    • For per-game/per-directory/per-core setting, I need to first play the game and then click the "RetroArch" on-screen icon to go to the Retroarch quick menu. In the quick menu, scroll down and find the "On-Screen Overlay" option.
    • For sega games, I change the overlay to genesis/genesis.cfg
    • For arcade games, I change the overlay to arcade/arcade.cfg or arcade-minimal/arcade-minimal.cfg. The left control is an 8-directional stick, rather than d-pad.
    • Remember to choose the "Overrides" option when we returned from "On-Screen Overlay" option in order to apply the new input on-screen overlay to all games in the directory and/or the same core.
  • What is a Libretro Overlay?
  • Configure RetroArch on Android and fix problems mentioned to choose anything under the "flat" directory for NES games.
  • Common retro games screen ratio
  • Examples RG40xx h is 4:3 screen ratio
    • NES, SNES, Genesis, PS1, N64: 4:3
    • GBA: 3:2
    • PSP: 16:9
    • Arcade games varied widely, but many were wider or taller than 4:3
  • RetroArch
    • Quick menu -> Onscreen Overlay or Overlays.
    • Go to "Display Overlay" and make sure it's set to "ON."
    • Select a .cfg file
    • Save Configuration:

Shader

Shaders for Retro Games

Playlist

  • How to refresh a playlist?
    • If the playlist was created by "Import Content" -> "Scan Directory", then do it again.
    • Refresh playlist(PL) will only show on manually created playlists (e.g. Sega Saturn chd files by using Playlists -> Import Content -> Manual Scan)). Settings -> Playlist -> Manage PL -> Sega Saturn -> Refresh PL.

Syncthing

Syncthing on Retro Handhelds! Save Sync Guide. Written guide.

Sega controller + RetroArch

  • Landscape/Portrait:
    • I place my phone in a landscape model. The main interface includes "Main Menu" (icon is like a home), "Playlists" (icon is like a right-click menu) and "Settings" (icon is like a wheel) can be navigated through the left and right buttons on D-pad in the controller.
    • If we want to change the user interface, Go to Settings -> User Interface. Change from the default "glui" to "xmb".
  • To play Sega Saturn games, I need to download both BIOS and Core files.
    • BIOS files include mpr-17933.bin & sega_101.bin. These files should be manually downloaded and put in the RetroArch/system folder. RetroArch Tutorial provides a link to download RetroArch BIOS bundle. PS: some games like NES can be played by downloading just Core without a need for any BIOS file.
    • Core files can be downloaded from Main Menu -> Load Core
  • Games can be added from Playlists -> Import Content -> Scan Directory
    • I am copying games from SD card to a game folder on the internal storage. The SD card is under /storage/XXXX-XXXX/ folder (according to "Files" -> SD card -> Select 3 dots next to a folder -> Folder Info) but it seems RetroArch cannot find it.
    • Scanned games (systems) will be listed under the Playlists menu.
  • Configuration should be saved from Main Menu -> Configuration File -> Save Current Configuration
  • Controller setup. Settings -> Input
    • Hotkeys:
      • Hotkey Enable: Press & hold the Select button (right most of 3 on the bottom row of the controller)
      • Close Content: Press & hold the Start button. Now Select + Start will bring up the "Quick Menu".
    • Port 1 Controls: confirm it is 8Bitdo M30
  • Settings -> Logging. The log file can be used for troubleshooting. The log file will be saved under RetroArch -> Log folder.
    • Enable "Logging Verbosity"
    • Enable "Log to File"
  • Settings -> Directory. Understand where does RetroArch look for or save files.

Sega controller on Debian/Ubuntu

  • Retroarch version 1.19.1
  • In Retroarch, buttons are numbered from 0. So I got Button 0, Button 1, .., Button 9 from "Port 1 Controls" screen.
  • This online hardware gamepad tester also number my controller's buttons starting from 0.
    • button 0: X (when the button is pressed, the value changed from 0 to 1)
    • button 1: A
    • button 2: B
    • button 3: Y
    • button 4: C
    • button 5: Z
    • button 6: Left shoulder
    • button 7: Right shoulder
    • button 8: Mode
    • button 9: Start
    • Axis 0: horizontal on D-pad (left = -1, right = 1)
    • Axis 1: vertical on D-pad
  • In Retroarch, Settings -> Input -> RetroPad Binds -> Port 1 Controls.
    • Device Index automatically identified my controller as Retro-bit Genesis/Saturn 8 button Arcade Pad.
    • For each set up (like D-Pad Up), it can show both a button and a key. For example, for "D-Pad Up", I got "Axis -1, Key up"
    • To avoid the effect of existing assigned buttons, when I assign a button, I use my keyboard up/down key to highlight one item and press the Enter key first. Then I press a button I like.
    • D-Pad Down, "Axis +1, Key down"
    • D-Pad Left, "Axis -0, Key left"
    • D-Pad Right, "Axis +0, Key right"
    • B button (Down), "Button 2, Key z". Note: it seems Retroarch using the Switch controller (cf Xbox) as the reference, hence B button corresponds to "(Down)" and X button is "(Top)". I follow the letters shown on the controller to assign each button.
    • A button (Right), "Button 1, Key x"
    • Y button (left), "Button 3", Key a"
    • X button (top), "Button 0", Key s"
    • Select button, "Button 8, Key rshift" (mode button)
    • Start button, "Button 9, Key enter"
    • L button (shoulder), "Button 6, Key q"
    • R button (shoulder), "Button 7, Key w"
    • Press "Backspace" key on my keyboard OR B button on the controller to go back to the previous screen
    • Hotkeys - note for each item we don't need to press the Select/mode button. Again, we use the keyboard "Enter" in order to assign a button.
      • Hotkey Enabled: "Button 8" (Mode button)
      • Menu Toggle: f1
      • Quit: "Button 0, Key escape" (Start)
      • Close Content: "Button 9" (X)
      • Load State: "Button 6, Key f4"
      • Save State: "Button 7, Key f2"
      • Press "Backspace" key or the B button to return to the previous dialog
      • Press "Backspace" twice, move to Main Menu -> Configuration File -> Save Current Configuration.
  • Settings
    • Configuration -> Save Configuration on Quit is ON.
    • Directory -> System/BIOS. I copied all Bios files to here ~/.var/app/org.libretro.RetroArch/config/retroarch/system
    • Directory -> File Browser. I changed to /home/$USER/ROMs
  • To import games
    • First we download Cores. Main Menu -> Online Updater. Load Core -> Download a Core.
    • Import Content -> Manual Scan. Remember to enable "Scan Inside Archives" for zip ROM files (like NES, GBC, GBA)
    • If we want to refresh a directory, choose Scan Directory and select one which has been previously scanned.

Emulators

ROM

  • A curated and scraped ROM collection - 2.0 Reupload
    • The webpage contains links to mainly the arcade (CPS1, CPS2, CPS2, NeoGeo and NeoGeoCD), GB/GBA/GBC, N64, NES, PC Engine (CD), Sega CD/Game Gear/Master system/Mega Drive/Naomi, SNES and WonderSwan Color games.
  • tiny best set go. Tiny Best Set: GO! Is a hand-curated set of games for the Miyoo Mini (running Onion OS) or the Anbernic RG-35XX (running Garlic OS).
    • The set is 6gb and contains 1,900 games for: Arcade, Neo Geo, Atari 2600, TurboGrafx-16, Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy Advance, NES, SNES, Game Gear, Master System, and Genesis
    • A 64gb expansion adds 10 Sega CD, 10 TurboGrafx-16 CD, and 100 PlayStation games and brings the total size to about 55gb
    • A 128gb expansion adds 15 more Sega CD, 15 more TurboGrafx-16 CD, and 100 more PlayStation games and brings the total size to about 95gb


Convert ROM

BIOS

Aspect ratio/resolution

  • Scaling
    • Perfect or Near-Perfect Integer Scaling:
      • Arcade (CPS3, MAME, FBNeo): Many arcade games (like those using 320x240 or 384x224) scale perfectly to 640x480 at 2x.
      • Sega Genesis / Mega Drive: Native 320x240, scales perfectly 2x to 640x480.
      • PC Engine / TurboGrafx-16: 320x240, also scales 2x.
      • PlayStation 1: Most games are 320x240, so 2x scaling fits well.
      • Neo Geo: 320x224, 2x scaling with slight black bars.
      • Game Boy Advance: 240x160, 2x scaling gives 480x320—centered with black bars, but pixels remain sharp
    • Systems That Don’t Scale Perfectly (But Still Look Good):
      • Super Nintendo (SNES): 256x224 native. 2x scaling = 512x448, so you’ll get black bars around the image, but pixels will be sharp and undistorted.
      • Game Boy / Game Boy Color: Lower resolutions (160x144), 3x scaling = 480x432, so you’ll have black bars but maintain pixel accuracy.
      • NES: 256x240, 2x scaling = 512x480, so black bars on the sides
    • How to Enable Integer Scaling in OnionOS (RetroArch):
      • Open any game.
      • Press MENU + SELECT to enter the RetroArch Quick Menu.
      • Navigate to: Settings → Video → Scaling → Integer Scaling. Turn this option ON.
      • Optionally, save your configuration for all games or just the current core/game:
        • Go to Main Menu → Configuration File → Save Current Configuration
        • Or use Overrides for core/game-specific settings

Check versions

SSH

SSH/Xterm and Common Commands: root/linux

Manuals

Access a game's manual from Batocera

  • Main Menu -> User Interface Settings -> Show Manual Icon. Now before launching a game, hold the A button. It'll show "VIEW GAME MANUAL" at the top of the quick menu.
  • Viewing pdf game manuals.

Old/new hardware

Emulation Station

gamelist.xml

Q: If I modify metadata of a game in emulationstation, what file is exactly modified?
A: When you modify metadata for a game in EmulationStation, the changes are typically saved to a file called gamelist.xml. This file contains the metadata information for games in a specific system. The gamelist.xml file can be located in one of three places, in order of priority:

  • [SYSTEM_PATH]/gamelist.xml (in the ROM folder)
  • ~/.emulationstation/gamelists/[SYSTEM_NAME]/gamelist.xml
  • /etc/emulationstation/gamelists/[SYSTEM_NAME]/gamelist.xml

Rescan ROMS

Two methods:

  • Navigate to "Quit" and select it. In the next menu, choose "Restart EmulationStation"
  • Go to "Utilities". Select "Rescan ROM directory"

Theme gallery

https://gitlab.com/es-de/themes/themes-list

Difficulty

SD card formatter

SD card copy/backup

  • The 'SD card copier' from Raspberry Pi OS does not work for the JELOS shipped with RGB30. The error message is "non-msdos partition table on source"
  • The following commands works
    # Assume the original SD card is /dev/sda
    sudo umount /dev/sda*
    sudo if=/dev/sda of=jelosRGB30.img bs=1M status=progress
    
    # Assume the new SD card is /dev/sdb
    sudo umount /dev/sdb*
    sudo if=jelosRGB30.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M status=progress
    # Unplug SD card in /dev/sdb
    

RetroPie

Username: pi, password: raspberry. See RetroPie wiki.

$ ssh [email protected]
[email protected]'s password:

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Wed May 11 17:35:37 2016 from 10.42.0.1

   .~~.   .~~.    Wednesday, 11 May 2016,  5:36:53 pm UTC
  '. \ ' ' / .'   Linux 4.1.19+ armv6l GNU/Linux
   .~ .~~~..~.
  : .~.'~'.~. :   Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
 ~ (   ) (   ) ~  /dev/root        15G  2.2G   12G  16% /
( : '~'.~.'~' : ) Uptime.............: 0 days, 00h04m04s
 ~ .~       ~. ~  Memory.............: 114884kB (Free) / 250692kB (Total)
  (   |   |   )   Running Processes..: 70
  '~         ~'   IP Address.........: 10.42.0.37
    *--~-~--*     Temperature........: CPU: 46°C/114°F GPU: 46°C/114°F
                  The RetroPie Project, http://www.petrockblock.com

pi@retropie:~ $ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root        15G  2.2G   12G  16% /
devtmpfs        119M     0  119M   0% /dev
tmpfs           123M     0  123M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           123M  8.5M  114M   7% /run
tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs           123M     0  123M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1   57M   20M   38M  35% /boot

Install on Debian

  • https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Debian/
  • Tested on Debian 11
    • ~/Downloads/RetroPie-Setup
    • Copy roms to each game folders under ~/RetroPie/roms
    • Copy BIOS to ~/RetroPie/BIOS
  • We can launch the app by searching "RetroPie" in GNOME or type "emulationstation" in a Terminal
    • When we are done with playing, we should choose "Quit Emulationstation" instead of "Shutdown System".
    • We can launch emulationstation in a windowed mode from a Terminal emulationstation --windowed --resolution 1080 720
  • For the face buttons on my Sega controller, it is better to switch A & B, X & Y buttons so A is right, B is down, X is up and Y is left.

Quit RetroPie

  • If we exit RetroPie, we need to choose "Quit EmulationStation" (2nd option).
  • If we accidentally choose "Shutdown System". We can use Tab + Alt key to switch to another Terminal (eg Tabby) and issue the commands
ps -ef | grep gnome-terminal-server # Get PID XXXXX
kill -9 XXXXX

Check my RetroPie version

How to check which RetroPie version I'm on?. It works (I am using v4.8, 2022 Mar 13); it matched with the information on the download page. However, the Raspbian version is 10 (buster) according to "/etc/os-release" so the Kodi is version 18 not 19.

$ cd ~/RetroPie-Setup
$ git show

Another way is to run RetroPie setup program. See a screenshot How To Backup and Update Your RetroPie Image.

Setup

How to Build Your Own NES or SNES Classic with a Raspberry Pi and RetroPie

Volume in audio

Latest update lvl0: VolumeControl::init() - Failed to find mixer elements!. I got this message after I switch from RetroPie to Kodi.

USB audio

RetroPie/Raspberry Pi: How to Configure a USB Sound Device

Exit a game

Press HotKey and Start button. Another way is "Esc" or "Esc + enter" on a keyboard. This helps exiting games from N64 where 'select' is not one of its buttons. Exit every Emulator with "escape" key and Setting the ESC Key as the Exit Emulation Button, ESC key doesnt Exit emulator

Install RetroPie as an App

Controller configurations

Raspberry Pi 3

Tips

10 RetroPie Setup Tips and Tutorial for the Raspberry Pi 4

ROM

ROM size

On my 128 GB SD card du -sh /media/crucial/RetroPie/roms/* | sort -hr | head or ncdu ~/RetroPie/roms (interactive) shows the top folders taking most space

  • dreamcast: 24 GB (28 folders)
  • psx: 13.4 GB (111 folders)
  • arcade: 9 GB (2988 files)
  • fba: 8.2 GB (1350 files)
  • n64: 7.2 GB (470 files)
  • mame-libretro: 7 GB (2334 files)
  • gba: 6.3 GB (932 files)
  • segacd: 4.7 GB (23 files)
  • amiga: 3.6 GB (4280 games)
  • snes: 3.0 GB (3362 games)
  • neogeo: 2.8 GB (187 games)
  • TOTAL: 106 GB, 118649 items

Transfer ROMs

ROMS location

The SD card has 2 partitions: boot and retropie.

ROMs are located in retropie/home/pi/RetroPie/roms directory.

$ ls '/media/brb/retropie/home/pi/' 
bgm  coolcv_mapping.txt  gunconf  RetroPie  RetroPie-Setup  v3

$ ls '/media/brb/retropie/home/pi/RetroPie/' 
BIOS  retropiemenu  roms  splashscreens

Running ROMs from a USB drive

Running ROMs from a USB drive

Network share

Running ROMs from a Network Share

Backup/restore

https://retropie.org.uk/docs/Updating-RetroPie/#backup-option-2 (if you don't want to create a sd image you can just back up your BIOS, roms, and configuration files from the samba shares), or back up the /home/pi folder which contains lots of folders (bgm, Desktop, Documents, Downloads, gunconf, Music, Pictures, Public, RetroPie, RetroPie-Setup, Templates, v3, Videos)

(Update) The procedure below is not optimal especially the SD card is very large. I only need to back up the retropie/home/pi/RetroPie/roms folder.

sudo umount /media/brb/retropie
sudo umount /media/brb/boot
sudo dd bs=4M if=/dev/sdc | pigz -4 > RetroPie-128g.img.gz

# Restore
gunzip --stdout raspbian.img.gz | sudo dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdb

This assumes the 2nd SD card is the same or has a larger capacity. For example if my source is samsung 128GB and the target is another samsung 128GB but a different model, I got the following error.

$ gunzip --stdout RetroPie-128g.img.gz | sudo dd bs=4M of=/dev/sdc
[sudo] password for brb: 
dd: error writing '/dev/sdc': No space left on device
0+3763699 records in
0+3763698 records out
128043712512 bytes (128 GB, 119 GiB) copied, 3455.3 s, 37.1 MB/s

The fdisk command shows the reason:

# source sd card (larger capacity)
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 119.38 GiB, 128177930240 bytes, 250347520 sectors

# another sd card (a little smaller capacity)
sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 119.26 GiB, 128043712512 bytes, 250085376 sectors

RetroPie Configuration

  • AUDIO
  • BLUETOOTH
  • CONFIGURATION EDITOR
  • ES THEMES
  • FILE MANAGER - seems no way to quit using a controller
  • RASPI-CONFIG - This is equivalent to 'raspi-config'
  • RETROARCH
    • Load Core
    • Load Content
    • Load Recent
    • Playlists
    • Scan Content
    • Netplay
    • Settings
    • Information
    • Configuration File: retroarch.cfg
  • RETROARCH NET PLAY
  • RETROPIE SETUP
    • Basic install - This will install all packages from the 'Core' and 'Main' package sections.
    • Update - update installed packages?
    • Manage packages - core/main/opt/driver/exp/depends
    • Configuration /tools - lots of options
    • Update RetroPie-Setup script
    • Uninstall RetroPie
    • Perform reboot
  • RUN COMMAND CONFIGURATION
  • SHOW IP
  • SPLASH SCREENS
  • WIFI

Display FPS

Favorites and Recent

Scrape

Change the default emulator

draStic ds emulator

(TUTORIAL) How to add draStic ds emulator and configure it and add ROMS with RetroPie-Manager

DS games that don't require touch screen

Slot and state: save/load game

List of games

Tekken 3: psx

The first screen should be selecting a mode. If this cannot be loaded, choose "RETROPIE SETUP -> Basic install" will fix the problem.

Manual.

The Legend of Zelda

Donkey Kong

Play guide

Super Mario Bros

You've Been Playing 'Super Mario Bros.' Wrong Your Whole Life. Search 'Tiktok'.

Kodi

Debian/Linux

PlayStation 2

How to Emulate PlayStation 2 on the Raspberry Pi 5 and Earlier

PC

LaunchBox

Retrobat

Android emulation

Front end

  • Daijishou: on Retroid Pock 2, the resolution is not high enough so some options are truncated. How about scrcpy.
  • On Android:
    • Switch hotkeys mapping works depending on the controller
    • I cannot find a place to remap buttons in global settings or individual platform
    • I still need Android 'back' button to quit a game
    • Note Daijishou is still a front end. For example if I configure it to use Duckstation to play ps1 games, it still use Duckstation to emulate it. If I click the back button to quit the game, I can see Duckstation is in the list of last used apps.
  • Emulation Station

SD card

When we insert an SD card, Android (11 and up) will offer two options

  • Use as portable storage - format it as exFat. We can use the card in computers. Some games won't work out in this format. But we can use a frontend to access the games on certain emulators. We can create a new folder called 'games' on the SD card. Then create other subfolders like 'bios'. After that copy game folders under 'games' folder.
  • Use as internal storage - only work in Android OS.

Button mapping

How to Use Button Mapping to Play Virtually Any Android Game With a Controller

Transfer emulation data

Transfer Emulator Data Between Android Handhelds (RetroArch, NetherSX2, Dolphin, Lime3DS & more!)

iOS

How to Install Emulators for iPhone Using 4 Easy Methods

Mac

PlayStation analog and rumble support list

PlayStation analog and rumble support list

Help

PS1 Games in Bin/Cue format show up twice on the game list

Convert to CHD

Compress Your ROMs on Android with CHDroid!

Convert 7z to zip file

According to the 7z documentation, the -o option should be followed immediately by the output directory path, without a space.

7z x -o/tmp/extracted archive.7z 
zip -r archive.zip /tmp/extracted/*

rm -rf /tmp/extracted

NVIDIA Shield

Handheld

Retro Pocket 2

Emulation tests

Anbernic RG353v

  • SSH log in. username/password is root/linux. See System Settings -> Advanced/Security.
    $ sshnocheck [email protected]
    
       / \   _ __ | |__   ___ _ __ _ __ (_) ___
      / _ \ | |_ \| |_ \ / _ \  __|  _ \| |/ __|
     / ___ \| | | | |_) |  __/ |  | | | | | (__
    /_/   \_\_| |_|_.__/ \___|_|  |_| |_|_|\___|
    
                       RK3566
    
    
    -- type 'anbernic-check-updates' to check for stable branch --
    -- add 'beta' switch to check for latest arch developments  --
    
    Disk format: ext4
    Battery: 91%
    Temperature: 39°C
    Architecture: rg353
    Model: Rockchip RK3566 RG353V
    System: Linux 4.19.172
    Available memory: 1752/1969 MB
    Cpu number: 4
    Cpu max frequency: 1800 MHz
    OS version: 31-dev 2022/09/26 02:56
    
    # cat /etc/os-release
    NAME=Buildroot
    VERSION=-ga3d4e6fb
    ID=buildroot
    VERSION_ID=2021.05-git
    PRETTY_NAME="Buildroot 2021.05-git"
    
    # df -h
    ...
    /dev/mmcblk1p1            3.0G      2.2G    771.7M  75% /boot
    ...
    /dev/mmcblk1p2            2.9G    948.5M      2.0G  32% /userdata
    /dev/mmcblk2p1           57.4G     52.3G      5.1G  91% /media/NO_LABEL
    /dev/mmcblk1p1            3.0G      2.2G    771.7M  75% /media/ANBERNIC
    /dev/mmcblk1p3            8.3G      8.0K      8.3G   0% /media/GAMES
    /dev/mmcblk1p2            2.9G    948.5M      2.0G  32% /media/SHARE
    /dev/mmcblk2p1           57.4G     52.3G      5.1G  91% /userdata/roms
    
    # ls -l /userdata/roms | wc -l
    125
    # ls /userdata/roms/n64
    
    # htop
    
    # ls /media/SHARE/kodi
    iptv      kodi      movies    music     pictures
    
    # ls /media/ANBERNIC         
    anbernic-boot.conf  asoundrc            bootb               splash              uboot.img
    asound.state        boot                extlinux            tools               uboot_origin.img
    
    # uname -a
    Linux ANBERNIC 4.19.172 #1 SMP Mon Sep 19 10:14:24 PDT 2022 aarch64 GNU/Linux
    
  • UI Settings. EmuELEC based.
    • ANBERNIC-SIMPLE-THEME -default. Does not show videos.
    • ANBERNIC-THEME can show videos. But the game names, videos & description are very tiny.
    • ART-NEXT-THEME is similar to ANBERNIC-THEME but no description.
    • ARTPIE-THEME uses vertical stripes; not a good choice on a small screen handheld. Forget it.
    • ES-THEME-CARBON looks good but no game names on the LHS. It only displays videos/images.
    • ES-THEME-EPIC-CODY looks good. However, it does not include a description. Note it has a Chinese interface. To switch to another emulator, use the shoulder buttons.
    • SIMPLECOMICBOOK looks good but the videos are smaller. The game names and videos are half half. It also a short game description (scrolling way) on the bottom right corner. Main screen is cool.
  • rg353vs is enough if you don't care much about N64, Sega Saturn and Dreamcast emulation (runs better on Android)
  • Anbernic RG353V Retro Arena Stable Preview
  • Hardware issues:
    • Sound from the speaker or 3.5mm jack does not work. However, USB-C to 3.5mm female headphone jack adapter and bluetooth audio work.
    • It cannot turn on nor charging while I was using Anbernic Linux OS (it shows 38% power). Hold on 'power' button or 'reset' button did not help. I opened the case and unplugged/plugged the battery connectors and that does not help. Fortunately just like my Retroid Pocket 2, after I have been charged it again for a while (USB power meter did not show any voltage at the beginning), the power LED turned on again (into yellow). When it turned on into Android, it shows only 3% power. I guess there is a calibration problem for battery with both Anbernic rg353v and Retroid Pocket 2 devices. PS: the charging speed is very low (5v 0.36a ~ 2w) when I connect it to my PC or power bank.
    • GarlicOS Setup & Upgrades Guide | Anbernic RG35XX, Upgraded 2800mah battery
    • The battery on my rg353v shows YLM-ANBERNIC FL 755060 3200mAH 3.7V 11.84Wh.
    • Upgraded 353V Battery
    • RG353V Hall Sensor Joystick Replacement Guide. This includes a picture of the battery used.
    • RG35xx 2800 mah battery upgrade. Useful. With many aliexpress links. Battery 605065 means 60x50x65 in measurement?

RGB30

RG556

Powerkiddy x55 (Rockchip RK3566)

A growing number of cheap handheld retro game consoles can run mainline Linux

RG40xx

Power on problem:

Check battery level: cat /sys/class/power_supply/axp2202-battery/capacity

Evercade

https://evercade.co.uk/, Wikipedia

Other emulators

Batocera

  • SSH/Xterm and Common Commands. Username/password is root/linux. hostname: batocera.local. The Linux system is buildroot.
    • This is useful if the system froze when I tested a hard game on Pi zero 2W.
  • Screensaver. Press "Select" and follow the on-screen instruction.

EmuDeck

Retropie vs Recalbox vs Batocera vs Lakka

Best Retro-Gaming OS: Retropie vs Recalbox vs Batocera vs Lakka

ArkOS

  • https://github.com/christianhaitian/arkos/wiki
    • OTA Update: Options -> Upgrade. Type 'ok' and click the 'OK' button to continue.
  • Welcome to the ArkOS wiki
  • retrogamecorps
  • Wifi and Remote Services can be enabled from OPTIONS
    • Once Remote Services are activated, the device’s IP address can be accessed via a browser on a PC. This allows for the transfer of files.
    • Default username/password is ark/ark
    • There is a partition called "EASYROMS". ROMS should be placed here instead of 'root/roms' folder. Or we can use the Remote Services (see below) and http://IP:80 to manage ROMS.
    • The web interface powered by filebrowser is convenient when we enable Remote Services from Options in the main interface (next to PICO-8). Docker. Just open a web browser and go to the http://URL:80. It'll show the files under /roms folder.
  • Arkos uses Retroarch (others like Lakka, Batocera, RetroPie). Therefore, save states are still in the menu. See FAQ.
    • Retroarch Hotkey: Select. Select + R1=save, Select + L1=Load, Select + A = Pause.
    • Select + Start twice to quit a game.
  • Change and save Aspect ratio in RetroArch: Select + X when we are playing a game.
    • Click "B" to go to Quick menu. Scroll down to "Settings" -> Video -> Scaling -> Aspect Ratio. Change to 8:7, for example.
    • Click "B" several times until we see "Quick menu". Click "A". Scroll down to Overrides -> Pick Save Content Directory Overrides if we want to change the settings for all games in the current (game) directory.
ark@rg353v:~$ cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="19.10 (Eoan Ermine)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 19.10"
  • Frontend:
    • ArkOS - Emulationstation-FCAMOD
    • Batocera - EmulationStation
    • Lakka - PS3's XrossMediaBar (XMB)
    • RetroPie - EmulationStation
  • Scraped videos playback
    • Press the Select button to start the screensaver immediately if we don't want to wait for 5 minutes.
    • In screensaver, we can press the 'A' button to launch the corresponding game. See ArkOS Starter Guide by Retro Game Corps.
    • For some reason, ffplay is missing from the menu. I can't enable it from UI Settings -> Visible systems . See ArkOS and Videos (FFplay). Edit /etc/emulationstation/es_systems.cfg file. See Add a New System in EmulationStation or this.
    • In Kodi, choose Videos -> Add videos -> Browse -> EASYROMS -> genesis -> videos -> OK. Enter a name for this media source. OK. "This directory contains Movies ". "Do you want to refresh information for all items within this path?" -> Yes. Choose the new created item. Long press the first video -> "Play from here".

Knulli

  • KNULLI is a fork of Batocera
  • SSH: knulli.local. root/linux
  • Folder structure follows Batocera
  • Hotkeys
    • Function + Start: Quit the game and return to EmulationStation
    • Function + Vol up: Increase brightness
    • Function + B: Quick Menu
    • Function + Y: save
    • Function + X: load
    • To flag a game as a favorite: Hold the X button while highlighting the game you want to favorite.
    • Select a game and hold the A button. you can delete a game, add to favorites, scrape, edit this game's metdata and change emulator, and so on.
  • NDS hotkeys.
  • BIOS
  • Input
  • File transfer.
    • Main menu -> System settings -> Services -> Enable_WIFI_Dongle. Open local computer's file manager and find KNULLI. No username/password is needed. See Wiki -> Networking.
  • Pico8
    • Copy "pico-8_0.2.6b_raspi.zip" to roms/pico8 folder and then run the binary file knulli-install-pico8. At the end, several pico8* files do not appear in roms/pico8 folder.
    • "touch Splore.png". I do
      1. Main menu -> System Settings -> Advanced/Frontend Developer Options -> Clean gamelists and remove unused media (remove unused entries, and clean references to missing medias)
      2. nano gamelist.xml and remove existing Splore.png entry.
      3. Main menu -> Game Settings -> Update gamelists
    • Sometimes we need to edit gamelist.xml (it did not update removed games)
    • After running scraping, file names will be replaced by the real game names in the game list according to <gamelist.xml>.

muOS/MustardOS

  • Download
    • Installation will show a progress bar at the top of the screen (tested on muOS 2502.0 Pixie). Be patient.
  • The interface is one page with 8 options: Content, Collection, History, Apps, Info, Config, Reboot, Shutdown!!!
  • How to Watch Live TV On Retro Handhelds With IPTV and muOS
    • After selecting a file (mp4, m3u), we need to choose a core. Select "Media Player". Then it provides 3 choices: FFPlay, Live TV and MPV. Select MPV.
    • There is no official support for batch assigning a core to multiple files at once.
  • Where do I put my content?
  • For each game systems, we need to create a new folder in SD1 > MUOS > ROMS and upload files there.
  • For bios, upload them to SD1 > MUOS > bios folder.
  • In Applications, it has
    • Archive Manager
    • Dingux Commander
    • Flip Clock
    • GMU Music Player
    • Moonlight
    • PortMaster
    • PPSSPP
    • RetroArch
    • RGB Controller
    • Simple terminal
    • Task Toolkit - Backup XXX
  • muOS does not support scraping. But there is a method. Enhance Your muOS Experience with Scrappy: A Powerful Scraper.

JELOS

  • Github
    • FAQ. roms/bios. The root password can be changed using the menu once we disable the rotation.
    • Add games.
  • ROCKNIX.
    • Originally launched as JELOS, ROCKNIX brings the best of community-built custom firmware to a wide array of devices from Anbernic, PowKiddy, Retroid, and more.
    • The software works on a variety of handhelds grouped by CPUs: RK3326, RK3566, RK3399, H700, S922X, RK3588, SD865.
  • How to exit a game: Gadget Guides – JELOS Beginner’s Guide for Anbernic RG353 Devices.
    • For most emulators/systems – Press Select + Start, then press Select + Start again to confirm your exit.
    • For DraStic (Nintendo DS emulator) – Press L3 (left analog stick). A menu will appear. Choose Exit DraStic.
      • Some versions have this mapped to R3 (right analog stick).
    • For PPSSPP (PSP emulator) – Press L3 (left analog stick). A menu will appear. Choose Exit to JELOS.
    • For Sega Saturn (Yabasanshiro emulator) – Press Select. A menu will appear. Choose Exit.
    • How to quit PICO-8: Click start, then choose "options" then "shutdown Pico-8". If this does not work, hold L1, then press Start + Select, it exits PICO-8.
  • Change 4:3 system to 8:7 aspect ratio for games like NES, SNES, Genesis, PS1, N64, Dreamcast using RetroArch (Select + X). Go to a game folder. Press Select, scroll down to advance system. Find game aspect ratio settings for that specific system.
  • How to quit MUSIC Player, Gmu music player? Hold R3 and press SELECT.
  • How to quit MPlayer? SELECT + START.
    • Drop mp4 files into mplayer directory.
    • To convert 16:9 aspect ratio videos to 1:1 videos. Adobe Express. Need to log in (eg Gmail). Works great.
  • JELOS Wiki -> Controls
    • RetroArch
      • Select + Start: quit game
      • Select + R1: save state
      • Select + L1: load state
      • Select + X (north): open RA menu
      • Select + Y (west): Show FPS
      • Select + R2: Fast-forward
    • Mednafen Hotkeys
    • Standalone Emulators
  • Network Settings menu:
    • Network services - SSH, SAMBA, and SIMPLE HTTP SERVER.
    • Cloud services - Syncthing and mount cloud drive.
    • VPN services - Tailscale, Zerotier one
# ls /storage/roms
3do              ecwolf           neogeo           scummvm
3ds              eduke            nes              sega32x
BGM              famicom          ngp              segacd
amiga            fbneo            ngpc             sfc
amigacd32        fds              odyssey          sg-1000
amstradcpc       gameandwatch     openbor          sgfx
arcade           gamecube         opt              snes
atari2600        gamegear         pc               snesmsu1
atari5200        gb               pc88             solarus
atari7800        gba              pc98             sufami
atari800         gbc              pcengine         supervision
atarijaguar      genesis          pcenginecd       switch
atarilynx        intellivision    pcfx             tg16
atarist          j2me             pet              tg16cd
atomiswave       mame             pico-8           tic-80
bezels           mastersystem     pokemini         uzebox
bios             megacd           ports            vectrex
build            megadrive        ps2              vic20
c128             megadrive-japan  psp              videopac
c16              megaduck         pspminis         virtualboy
c64              mplayer          psx              wii
channelf         msx              quake            wonderswan
coleco           msx2             satellaview      wonderswancolor
daphne           n64              saturn           x1
doom             naomi            savestates       x68000
dreamcast        nds              sc-3000          zx81
easyrpg          neocd            screenshots      zxspectrum
# uname -a
Linux RG353V 4.19.172 #1 SMP Wed Nov 30 17:30:28 UTC 2022 aarch64 GNU/Linux
RG353V:~ # cat /etc/os-release 
OS_NAME="JELOS"
OS_VERSION="20221130"
HW_DEVICE="RG353P"
HW_ARCH="aarch64"
HW_CPU="Rockchip RK3566"
HOME_URL="https://www.jelos.org"
BUILD_ID="ee2d813a7c2dcab9d320b20cd0fc5ee0b3c60bf8"
BUILD_BRANCH="main"
BUILD_DATE="Wed Nov 30 17:28:06 UTC 2022"

ROCKNIX

  • https://rocknix.org/ ROCKNIX is a fork of JELOS.
  • Media play with mpv:
    • it lists all supported formats but it seems ytb file does not work.
    • A: pause/play
    • Select + Start: quit and save the playback position
    • /usr/bin/mpv --fullscreen --geometry=480x640 --hwdec=auto-safe --input-ipc-server=/tmp/mpvsocket FILENAME
  • SSH:
    • h700.local
    • root/rocknix
  • Transfer files
  • Play Youtube Playing youtube streaming by using a .m3u file does not work. It requires youtube-dl or yt-dlp utilities. But they are not available in Rocknix.
    cd ~/roms/mplayer
    wget https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_aarch64 -O yt-dlp
    chmod +x yt-dlp
    ./yt-dlp -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Wp94G4vIyM
    

    Start -> Game settings -> Update gamelists

  • Tools -> File Manager
    • Y: context menu: copy, cut, delete, rename, select all, new directory and Quit.
    • A: go back
    • B: confirm
  • Hotkeys on RG40xx H
    • L1 + Select + Start: Exit Emulator / Application
    • Menu + Volume Up: Brightness Up
  • PSP
  • Dreamcast (harder than PSP)
    • Use native/internal resolution, Threaded rendering: On, V-Sync: OFF, Anisotropic/enhancements: OFF
    • If a game is just shy of full speed, try Frameskip=1 or Audio Stretch
    • Prefer CHD over GDI over CDI for accuracy and fewer glitches
    • For fighters, set Input polling = Early and Run-Ahead=1 in RetroArch to trim latency.
  • PortMaster
    • After I installed a game, a .sh file was created in /roms/port_scripts folder. I need to move them to the /roms/ports folder. See this.
    • File manager: Y=Select a file. X=menu. A=Confirm. B=Back.
  • Pico-8. To quit it, press Start -> Options -> Shutdown Pico-8.

OnionOS

  • https://onionui.github.io/ (v4.3.1-1)
  • Installation
    • Make sure the SD card has been formatted to FAT32.
    • Extract the zip file to your SD card. Done.
  • To change the game core for a specific game in OnionOS, follow these steps:
  • You can access the RetroArch Quick Menu while playing a game in OnionOS.
    • To do this, press the MENU button and the SELECT button at the same time while in-game.
    • See FAQ about changing a game's scaling
  • To start a game from the beginning in OnionOS—rather than loading from the last auto-save state—you have several options:
    • Use the "Reset Game" Feature (Recommended). In the game list, highlight the game you want to start fresh. Press the Y button to open the Game List Options (GLO) menu. Select "Reset game".
    • Restart the Game via RetroArch: While in-game, hold the MENU and SELECT buttons to open the RetroArch menu. In the menu, look for the "Restart" option. Selecting this will reboot the game to the title screen, starting from the beginning.
    • Disable Auto-Load Save States (Optional, for future launches): Launch any game and press MENU + SELECT to open the RetroArch menu. Press B to go back one level. Navigate to Settings › Saving › Load State Automatically and turn it off. To make this change permanent, go to Quick Menu › Overrides and select Save Game Overrides (for just this game), Save Core Overrides (for all games on this core), or Save Content Overrides (for all games in the folder).
  • Menu button. See the Shortcuts page.
    • In the Main Menu (not in a game)
      • Short press MENU: Launches the GameSwitcher—a quick-access interface to browse and resume recently played games.
      • Long press MENU (or hold): Opens the context menu for additional options.
      • Double press MENU: Resumes the last played game.
    • In-Game
      • Short press MENU: Saves your current state and exits to the GameSwitcher (quick game switching interface).
      • Long press MENU (hold): Saves your current state and exits all the way back to the main menu.
      • Double press MENU: Launches the second-most recently played game.
    • Other MENU Button Combos (In-Game)
      • MENU + SELECT: Opens the RetroArch Quick Menu.
      • MENU + START: Changes aspect ratio.
      • MENU + L/R: Toggles rewind/fast forward.
      • MENU + L2/R2: Loads/saves state.
      • MENU + X: Toggles FPS display.
      • MENU + POWER: Takes a screenshot.
  • Keep Aspect Ratio (default RetroArch video settings for most sytems):
    • If you turn integer scale off and keep aspect ratio on in RetroArch, the emulator will try to scale the game image as large as possible to fill the screen while still preserving the original aspect ratio.
    • Arcade game (MAME, FBNeo, CPS3) resolutions vary widely. Some cores or system presets may use integer scaling ON by default if the native resolution is a good fit for the Miyoo Mini Plus screen, but generally, integer scale is OFF unless you override it.
  • To refresh the game list, SELECT -> Refresh all roms.
    • Tip: For some reason, some ROMs are detected (as indicated by the number in the bottom right corner) but are not displayed. However, when I scroll down, the names of the missing titles appear.
  • Pico-8.
    • Pico-8 Standalone
    • Enable the PICO-8 (PICO-8 standalone) emulator using the Onion Package Manager's Expert section. You need to have previously purchased PICO-8.
    • Use the native Pico-8 by adding it via the Onion Package Manager’s Expert section.
    • copy pico8_dyn and pico8.dat to /RApp/PICO-8/bin folder.
  • Apps
    • Quick Guide
    • Package Manager
    • Activity Tracker
    • RetroArch
    • Search
    • Themes
    • Tweaks
      • System
      • Network
        • Hotspot
        • Samba
        • HTTP. After we enable it, it will run the File Browser program. We can use the IP address to upload/download files on SD card. It also shows the SD card used/full size.
        • SSH ("uname -a" shows Linux version 4.9.84, armv7l)
        • FTP
        • Telnet
        • VNC
        • Disable services in game
      • Button shortcuts
      • Appearance
      • Advanced
      • Tools
    • Battery Monitor
    • File Explorer (DinguxCommander). This needs to be installed from Apps -> Package Manager -> APPS. *** Inside File Explorer, hit "Y" to bring up the right-click menu (includes an Exit item).
      • A: Open folder / View or execute file
      • B: Move up one directory / Cancel action
      • X: Manage selected items (Copy/Delete/Move etc)
    • Video player. MENU to quit a video. START for full screen/16:9.
    • Music player. A hint "MENU + Select to exit" is shown on the "Apps" screen.
  • Settings
    • Shutdown
    • WIFI
    • Display
    • Menu sound
    • Sleep timer
    • About device. See Used/total storage

ARES

Jetson Nano

Different definition

  • https://ares-emu.net/
  • ARES (Advanced Retro Emulator System) is a custom firmware and frontend for the Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP) handheld console. It is designed to allow users to play games from a variety of different systems on their PSP, including classic console systems like the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), Sega Genesis, and Super Nintendo.

PPSSPP

Dolphin: Wii and GameCube

Dolphin Emulator Will Get Faster Updates on Linux With Flatpak

Switch

MAME

MAME's Latest Update Adds Support for a Rare Arcade Game

DOS games DOSBox

Pico-8

  • Pico-8 Fantasy Console
    cd pico-8
    ./pico8 -windowed 1
    • ESC to switch between Editor and Terminal
    • LS
    • SAVE Filename
    • LOAD Filename
    • Ctrl+s to save
    • On Linux, pico-8 save files to the directory ~/.lexaloffle/pico-8/carts
    • Alt+F4 or Ctrl+q to quit
  • Videos
  • JELOS Wiki
  • Default gamepad button mappings
  • Batocera. See the mapping of buttons and keys. It also shows how to modify es_systems_pico8.cfg to include pico-8.
  • How do I download a game (.png)
    • Go to Pico-8 Carts.
    • Go to a game page.
    • Navigate to the bottom left corner of the game and click on the icon called Cart (marked in the image).
    • A static image will now show up.
    • Right click the image and click Save Image As.
    • Give the file a name that reflects the game. In this example: Vampire vs Pope Army.png
  • File name extension. You should not simply rename Pico-8 game files from *.p8.png to *.p8 or *.png without understanding the consequences:
    • .p8 — This is a plain text source code file for a Pico-8 cartridge.
    • .p8.png — This is a special PNG image file that contains the game’s code and data embedded in the image’s pixel data. It is both a valid PNG image (viewable as a picture) and a Pico-8 cartridge (loadable by Pico-8).

Xbox

How to Play Classic Xbox Games on Your PC With Xemu

Windows PC games

Power consumption for different games

RG552. NES < Dreamcast, PSP, N64, Sega Saturn

Wii

Streaming

Online/browser

Controller

8bitdo

  • 8Bitdo Micro Bluetooth Gamepad, Manual.
    • S (Switch) / D (Android) / K (Keyboard) modes.
    • Switch is useful for the Nintendo Switch.
    • D (Direct input mode) is generally used for Windows/Linux/Android/Retro handheld devices.
    • FAQ
    • I am using the keyboard mode. Change the bottom switch to 'K'.
    • When I use 8bitdo Ultimate Software from Android, I can easily remap buttons. Remapping is persistent. After I connect the controller to Debian Linux, the remapping still holds.
    • Control sound volume. The ultimate software does not currently support assigning system-level functions like volume up/down to arbitrary buttons. A workaround using third-party Android apps: Using Key Mapper Apps
      1. Pair your 8BitDo controller to your Android device in keyboard or controller mode.
      2. Install a key mapping app like Key Mapper.
      3. In the app, assign specific controller buttons (e.g., D-pad up/down) to trigger the Android system’s volume up/down actions.
      4. Grant the necessary permissions to the app so it can control system volume. video.

Now, pressing the assigned button on your controller will change the device’s volume, including during YouTube playback

Hall effect joysticks/triggers

D-Pad

10 Types of Games You Should Play With Your D-Pad Instead of an Analog Stick

Wii remote

5 Ways to Repurpose an Old Nintendo Wii Remote

Chromebook, TV box

Top games, best games

  • TurboGrafx-16/PC Engine
  • NEO GEO: The King of fighters 2002, Shock Troopers, baseball stars 2, Blazing Star, (FBA42-5, arcade)
  • PS1: Tekken 3, R4: Ridge racer Type 4, Tony hawk pro skater 2, Crash team racing, Rayman
  • N64: Super mario 64, Mario kart 64, F-Zero X, Cruis'n USA, Paper Mario, Super smash bros, Mario tennis (hard), Banjo kazooie, Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of time, Conker's bad fur day, Yoshi's story, Goldeneye 007.
  • Sega Dreamcast: Dead or alive 2, Crazy taxi 2, Jet set radio, Tennis 2k2, Virtua fighter 3TB, Sonic adventure 2, Frogger 2: swampy's revenge, 18 wheeler: American pro trucker, Gauntlet legends, Sega rally 2, Star wars: racer, Marvel vs Capcom 2, NBA 2K, Virtua Cop 2, Aqua GT, Daytona USA, Skies of Arcadia, soul calibur, Virtua Striker 2, AeroWings.
  • Atomiswave (It is based on Sega's Dreamcast system board): Metal slug 6. The location of awbios.zip depends on the Batocera version. On v35, I need to put it in "/bioc/dc" folder.
  • Sega Saturn: Nights into dreams, Guardian heroes, Sega rally championship, Nights into dreams, Virtua Cop 2, Clockworkd knight 2, Virtua fighter 2, Panzer dragoon, Saturn bomberman, Sonic 3D blast, Virtua fighter remix, The legend of oasis, Fighters MegaMix, Athlete Kings. 30 Best Sega Saturn Games Of All Time, My Sega Saturn Top 10 Fighting Games.
  • Sega Naomi: Crazy Taxi, Capcom Vs. SNK, Dead or Alive 2 Millennium, Marvel VS Capcom 2, Virtua Tennis 2, Wave Runners.
  • NDS (Nintendo)
  • PSP: Grand Theft Auto: vice city stories, Tekken 5, Tekken 6, Ridge racer 4, Twisted metall head-one, Ultimate ghosts N' Goblins, Virtua Tennis 3, X-Man legends 2, God of war: chains of olympus, Castlevania dracula X chronicles, Wipeout pulse, Soul calibur broken destiny, Hot shots golf, Lumines, Blazbllue continuum shift II, Burnout legends, Final fantasy crisis core, Little big planet, Valkyria chronicles II, Persona 3, OutRun 2006 (push to limit), Daxter, Gran Turismo
  • GameCube (Nintendo): Paper mario: thousand year door, Tony hawk pro skater 3, Mario kart: double dash!!, Sonic heroes, Pitfall: the lost expedition, Legend of zelda: wind waker, Mario party 6 (simple), Need for speed: most wanted (hard), Timespllitters 2
  • PS2: Backyard basketball, Moto GP2, Grand theft auto III, Crash bandicoot: the wrath of cortex, Final fantasy X, Kingdom hearts, TAZ: wanted, Simpsons hit & run (easy)

Favorite Genres

These Are My Favorite Genres for Console Gaming

Arcade1Up

  • Street fighter 3: Third strike (Arcade)

Gameplay, walkthrough

  • super mario world 2 yoshi's island walkthrough
  • The legend of Zelda - Ocarina of Time. Complete Switch Controls Guide and Tips, strategywiki.org
    • Use the controller to move your character, Link, and interact with the environment.
    • Use the A button to attack and the B button to use items or perform special actions.
    • D-pad: Use the D-pad to move Link and navigate menus.
    • Joystick: Use the joystick to control the camera.
    • A button: Press the A button to attack, talk to characters, and interact with objects.
    • B button: Press the B button to use items, such as weapons and tools, and perform special actions, such as rolling and blocking.
    • Z button: Press the Z button to target enemies or objects.
    • C buttons: Use the C buttons to change the camera angle or select items from the inventory.
    • L and R buttons: Press the L and R buttons to access the inventory and select items.
    • Start button: Press the Start button to access the in-game menu and save your progress.

Simulation Games

You Should Play More Simulation Games (Especially the Boring Ones)

Civilization

  • Every Version of Sid Meier's Civilization Compared
  • Some of the emulators that can be used to play Civilization games include:
    • DOSBox: DOSBox is an emulator that allows you to run DOS-based games on modern systems. It can be used to play the original Civilization game and its expansions, as well as other DOS-based games.
    • ScummVM: ScummVM is an emulator that allows you to play point-and-click adventure games, including some of the early Civilization games.
    • OpenEmu: OpenEmu is a multi-system emulator that allows you to play games from a variety of platforms, including the original Civilization game and its expansions.
    • MAME: MAME is an emulator that allows you to play arcade games, including some of the early Civilization games that were released for arcade platforms.
    • PCSX2: PCSX2 is an emulator that allows you to play PlayStation 2 games on your PC, including Civilization: Revolution, which was released for the PlayStation 2.

Longplay of Indiana Jones

Street fighter 快打旋風 with training mode

See Street Fighter 2 Practice Mode

Retro racing games

12 Old School Retro Racing Games That Are Still Worth Playing

Game Released / Era Platform(s) / Type What Makes It Still Worth Playing
Need for Speed Underground 2 2004 PS2, Xbox, etc. Open-world arcade style, heavy car customization, strong soundtrack
Ridge Racer Early 1990s Arcade / PlayStation / ports Great sense of speed, satisfying arcade physics
F-Zero 1990 (SNES) Super Nintendo / ports Futuristic high speed, tight control, memorable tracks
Wipeout 2097 (Wipeout XL) 1995 PlayStation / ports Anti-gravity racing, sleek visuals, soundtrack
Gran Turismo 4 2004 PS2 Huge car & track roster, depth and realism
Burnout 3: Takedown 2004 PS2, Xbox Fun arcade crashes, takedowns, intensity
Virtua Racer 1992 Arcade / Sega systems / ports Early 3D racer, still fun for arcade feel
Crazy Taxi 1999 Arcade / Dreamcast / others Racing through traffic vs time, big personality
Forza Motorsport 2 2007 Xbox 360 Good balance of simulation and arcade, customization
Rock N Roll Racing 1993 SNES / compilations Mix of music + racing, fun isometric view
Micro Machines 1991 (original) onward NES, SNES, handhelds, ports Top-down racing with toy vehicles, creative courses (e.g. desktops, pool tables)
Colin McRae Rally 1998 PlayStation, PC, etc. Real rally cars & tracks, difficulty modes, car handling, set up mechanics

Game and Watch

Game for kids

Retro Games FOR KIDS!