KVM: Difference between revisions
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* Share clipboard. [https://askubuntu.com/a/858650 How can I copy&paste from the host to a KVM guest?] '''sudo apt install spice-vdagent''' in the guest virtual machine. had to reboot guest to be able to make it work. It works. | * Share clipboard. [https://askubuntu.com/a/858650 How can I copy&paste from the host to a KVM guest?] '''sudo apt install spice-vdagent''' in the guest virtual machine. had to reboot guest to be able to make it work. It works. | ||
* Display resolution. The display has a resolution 1024x768 (4:3). I can increase to 1600x900 (16:9) or even 1920x1080 (16:9) in the guest machine. In the | ** Use '''sudo dpkg-query -l | grep spice-vdagent ''' to check if the package is installed or not | ||
* Display resolution. The display has a resolution 1024x768 (4:3). I can increase to 1600x900 (16:9) or even 1920x1080 (16:9) in the guest machine ('''scrollbar is hidden'''). | |||
** In the Virtual Machine Window, I do '''View''' -> '''Scale to Display''' where I choose '''Always''' and check the checkbox '''Auto resize VM with window'''. It did increase the resolution. See also the command line method: [https://superuser.com/a/169243 How to increase the visualized screen resolution on QEMU / KVM?] | |||
* [https://centosfaq.org/centos/virt-manager-and-full-screen-display/ Virt-Manager And Full-screen Display]. View -> Scale Display -> Auto resize VM with window. | * [https://centosfaq.org/centos/virt-manager-and-full-screen-display/ Virt-Manager And Full-screen Display]. View -> Scale Display -> Auto resize VM with window. | ||
* Share files | * Share files | ||
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** [https://askubuntu.com/a/851565 Is there something like “VirtualBox Guest Additions” for QEMU/KVM?] | ** [https://askubuntu.com/a/851565 Is there something like “VirtualBox Guest Additions” for QEMU/KVM?] | ||
* Mouse integration. [https://ckirbach.wordpress.com/2016/01/14/kvm-mouse-pointer-integration-with-ubuntu-guest/ virt-manager KVM mouse pointer integration (client mouse mode) with Ubuntu guest]. [https://serverfault.com/a/457610 Any way to release focus on a KVM guest in virt-manager without having to click Ctrl_L + Alt_L?] | * Mouse integration. [https://ckirbach.wordpress.com/2016/01/14/kvm-mouse-pointer-integration-with-ubuntu-guest/ virt-manager KVM mouse pointer integration (client mouse mode) with Ubuntu guest]. [https://serverfault.com/a/457610 Any way to release focus on a KVM guest in virt-manager without having to click Ctrl_L + Alt_L?] | ||
== QEMU vs. KVM == | |||
[https://www.makeuseof.com/qemu-vs-kvm-which-should-you-use/ QEMU vs. KVM: Which Should You Use for Virtualization?] QEMU uses full system emulation, allowing it to emulate a complete computer system, including the processor, memory, storage, and peripheral devices. This flexibility makes QEMU an excellent choice for cross-platform virtualization since it supports a wide range of architectures. | |||
= Bridge network = | = Bridge network = | ||
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** [https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-move-var-directory-to-another-partition How to move /var directory to another partition] | ** [https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-move-var-directory-to-another-partition How to move /var directory to another partition] | ||
* Troubleshooting: [https://askubuntu.com/a/345263 virt-manager can't connect to libvirt]. Rebooting computer! | * Troubleshooting: [https://askubuntu.com/a/345263 virt-manager can't connect to libvirt]. Rebooting computer! | ||
* [https://itsfoss.com/qemu-ubuntu/ Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu] including '''spice-vdagent''' | |||
=== Where are image files saved === | === Where are image files saved === | ||
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* '''virt-install''' vs '''qemu-system-x86_64''' | * '''virt-install''' vs '''qemu-system-x86_64''' | ||
** [https://www.stratoscale.com/blog/compute/using-bare-qemu-kvm-vs-libvirt-virt-install-virt-manager/ Using bare qemu-kvm vs. libvirt/virt-install/virt-manager] | ** [https://www.stratoscale.com/blog/compute/using-bare-qemu-kvm-vs-libvirt-virt-install-virt-manager/ Using bare qemu-kvm vs. libvirt/virt-install/virt-manager] | ||
* [https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/virtualization-and-cloud/9781788294676/1/ch01lvl1sec17/starting-the-qemu-vm-with-kvm-support To start a QEMU instance with KVM support]: | |||
:<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | |||
qemu-system-x86_64 -name debian \ | |||
-vnc 146.20.141.254:0 -m 1024 \ | |||
-drive format=raw,index=2,file=debian.img \ | |||
-enable-kvm -daemonize | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
:If we use Virtual Machine Manager program, you need to have KVM ('''lsmod | grep kvm''') installed on your system for this to work. | |||
== Install using qcow2 image == | == Install using qcow2 image == | ||
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* [https://opensource.com/article/19/6/create-centos-homelab-hour Create a CentOS homelab in an hour] (I tested it and got the same error as one reader). | * [https://opensource.com/article/19/6/create-centos-homelab-hour Create a CentOS homelab in an hour] (I tested it and got the same error as one reader). | ||
* [https://www.tecmint.com/multiple-virtual-machine-installation-using-network-install-kvm/ How to Deploy Multiple Virtual Machines using Network Install (HTTP, FTP and NFS) under KVM Environment – Part 2]. This guide covers 3 approaches (ftp, nfs, http) so this is the most comprehensive! | * [https://www.tecmint.com/multiple-virtual-machine-installation-using-network-install-kvm/ How to Deploy Multiple Virtual Machines using Network Install (HTTP, FTP and NFS) under KVM Environment – Part 2]. This guide covers 3 approaches (ftp, nfs, http) so this is the most comprehensive! | ||
=== Share folders === | |||
* [https://www.debugpoint.com/share-folder-virt-manager/ Share Folder Between Guest and Host in virt-manager (KVM/Qemu/libvirt)] | |||
* [https://www.debugpoint.com/kvm-share-folder-windows-guest/ Share Folder Between Windows Guest and Linux Host in KVM using virtiofs] | |||
== How to quit full screen == | |||
[https://www.golinuxcloud.com/exit-full-screen-mode-in-qemu-virt-manager/ How to exit full screen mode in qemu virt-manager ( RHEL / CentOS 7)]. Hint: click the first of two icons shown at the top-center screen. | |||
== Windows VM == | |||
[https://www.makeuseof.com/create-windows-virtual-machine-in-linux-with-kvm/ How to Create a Windows Virtual Machine in Linux With KVM] | |||
== Windows VM by docker == | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhGYobuG508 Running Windows in a Docker Container!] | |||
== GNOME Boxes == | == GNOME Boxes == | ||
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</pre> | </pre> | ||
= | = Backup and restore images = | ||
[https://techsoftcenter.com/how-to-kvm-backup-and-restore-in-linux/ How to KVM Backup and Restore in Linux] | [https://techsoftcenter.com/how-to-kvm-backup-and-restore-in-linux/ How to KVM Backup and Restore in Linux] | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
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* [https://www.linuxuprising.com/2021/03/install-macos-big-sur-or-catalina-in.html Install macOS Big Sur Or Catalina In A Virtual Machine Using Docker-OSX] | * [https://www.linuxuprising.com/2021/03/install-macos-big-sur-or-catalina-in.html Install macOS Big Sur Or Catalina In A Virtual Machine Using Docker-OSX] | ||
* [https://www.makeuseof.com/macos-ubuntu-linux-virtual-machine/ How To Install macOS in a Virtual Machine on Ubuntu Linux] | * [https://www.makeuseof.com/macos-ubuntu-linux-virtual-machine/ How To Install macOS in a Virtual Machine on Ubuntu Linux] | ||
= Run SteamOS on QEMU = | |||
[https://blogs.igalia.com/berto/2022/07/05/running-the-steam-decks-os-in-a-virtual-machine-using-qemu/ Running the Steam Deck’s OS in a virtual machine using QEMU] | |||
= QuickEMU = | = QuickEMU = | ||
* [https://github.com/quickemu-project/quickemu QuickEMU] - Quickly create and run optimised Windows, macOS and Linux desktop virtual machines | * [https://github.com/quickemu-project/quickemu QuickEMU] - Quickly create and run optimised Windows, macOS and Linux desktop virtual machines | ||
* [https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/run-windows-11-and-mac-os-virtual-machines-in-linux How To Run Windows 11 and macOS Virtual Machines in Linux] | * [https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/run-windows-11-and-mac-os-virtual-machines-in-linux How To Run Windows 11 and macOS Virtual Machines in Linux] (enough screenshots) | ||
* [https://bytexd.com/use-quickemu-to-run-windows-macos-linux-virtual-machines/ Use Quickemu to Run Windows, macOS & Linux Virtual Machines] | |||
* [https://www.linuxuprising.com/2021/12/quickly-create-and-run-optimized-linux.html Quickly Create And Run Optimized Linux, macOS And Windows Virtual Machines With Quickemu (With Auto ISO Download)] | * [https://www.linuxuprising.com/2021/12/quickly-create-and-run-optimized-linux.html Quickly Create And Run Optimized Linux, macOS And Windows Virtual Machines With Quickemu (With Auto ISO Download)] | ||
* (video) By [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87MCT3Ekjlo Chris Titus Tech] | |||
* [https://ostechnix.com/test-linux-distros-online-with-distrosea/ How To Test Linux Distros Online With DistroSea] | |||
Some lessons: | Some lessons: | ||
* Use Ctrl+Alt+g to release the mouse. | * By default new folders are created when we create/download guest machine in the home folder. We can create a new folder for managing these guest machines. | ||
* Use Ctrl+Alt+g to release the mouse. The hint is at the top of window. | |||
* Change boot="legacy" in '''windows-11.conf''' helps to show the Windows installation process (See [https://reposhub.com/linux/shell-package-management/wimpysworld-quickemu.html Simple shell script to "manage" Qemu virtual machines.]). But it still failed ''Windows could not create a partition on disk 0. The error occurred while applying the unattend answer file's <DiskConfiguration> setting. Error code: 0x80042565.'' | * Change boot="legacy" in '''windows-11.conf''' helps to show the Windows installation process (See [https://reposhub.com/linux/shell-package-management/wimpysworld-quickemu.html Simple shell script to "manage" Qemu virtual machines.]). But it still failed ''Windows could not create a partition on disk 0. The error occurred while applying the unattend answer file's <DiskConfiguration> setting. Error code: 0x80042565.'' | ||
* When I tried to install quickemu on another freshly installed xubuntu 20.04 focal fossa (Core2 Quad CPU), the installation went through without any problem. | * When I tried to install quickemu on another freshly installed xubuntu 20.04 focal fossa (Core2 Quad CPU), the installation went through without any problem. | ||
* The app running the guest machine is '''spicy'''. | |||
* I can install macOS Catalina, Windows 11, etc. The trick to install macOS is '''manually reboot''' the guest machine a couple times. Also it is useful to play the "Options -> Scale display" option in "spicy" to better see the text when we install macOS. Then it works. | * I can install macOS Catalina, Windows 11, etc. The trick to install macOS is '''manually reboot''' the guest machine a couple times. Also it is useful to play the "Options -> Scale display" option in "spicy" to better see the text when we install macOS. Then it works. | ||
* I need to use '''Shift + F12''' to release mouse (or exit full display) in [https://github.com/freedesktop/spice-gtk spicy] (the GUI where the guest machine is running) on my | * I need to use '''Shift + F12''' (see the hint at the bottom of spicy window) to release mouse (or exit full display) in [https://github.com/freedesktop/spice-gtk spicy] (the GUI where the guest machine is running) on my Ubuntu. '''When installing macOS, I need to use my keyboard''' (mouse does not work) to select the hdd for booting macOS (or just wait a few seconds & the 1st drive will be used to boot). | ||
* macOS Catalina asks at least 4 characters for the password | * It helps to drag and enlarge the guest machine window (by default 'Scale display' option is checked). | ||
* For macOS Catalina guest machine, it allocates 2 CPUs, | * When installing macOS, the screen says "About X minutes remaining". But it seems [https://github.com/quickemu-project/quickemu/issues/228 it stuck there] (the minutes is not changed) though the CPU is busy. If I closed the window, shutdown the guest machine and reboot it, installation continues. Doing this a few times and eventually a new window ("[https://github.com/quickemu-project/quickemu/issues/278 Select Your Country or Region]") will come up. In order to monitor the download, I open another terminal and run something like '''watch du -s ~/macos-big-sur'''. This will help me to decide when to restart the VM. For big-sur, the folder size stops at 26655436 and after I reboot the VM, the folder size keep increasing and stops at 32565600. For the 3rd reboot, it still downloads something and needs 2 internal reboots. So I think the problem is the data needs to be downloaded from Apple server is TOO large. | ||
* For Windows 11 guest machine, it allocates 2 CPUs, | * macos-big-sur & macos-monterey took about 32G & 34G space. | ||
* Every time I boot macOS, I shall use the right arrow to select the 2nd icon and press the Enter button to start. | |||
* macOS Catalina asks at least 4 characters for the password (I choose 6) | |||
* For macOS Catalina/Monterey guest machine, it automatically allocates 2 CPUs(?), 4/8GB RAM (depending on the host total RAM?), 100GB storage by default. After installing macOS, 75GB will still be available. | |||
* (Maybe related to Ubuntu 22.04 host using wayland). Whenever I start macOS vm, it pops up a window "Allow inhibiting shortcuts. The application spicy wants to inhibit shortcuts. You can restore shortcuts by pressing Super+Escape." I choose the default "Allow" and it seems to be OK. PS: I need to do this action quickly or the macOS window will go to black and not responds to my keyboard/mouse. | |||
* For Windows 11 guest machine, it allocates 2 CPUs, 4/8GB RAM, 64GB storage with 43GB free. | |||
* For Lubuntu guest machine (much better speed than macOS/Windows VM, fill full screen, Qt/KDE based), it allocates 2 CPUs, 4GB RAM, 16GB storage with 8.4GB free. | * For Lubuntu guest machine (much better speed than macOS/Windows VM, fill full screen, Qt/KDE based), it allocates 2 CPUs, 4GB RAM, 16GB storage with 8.4GB free. | ||
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* https://askubuntu.com/a/1198927 | * https://askubuntu.com/a/1198927 | ||
* [https://mathiashueber.com/manually-update-qemu-on-ubuntu-18-04/ How to update QEMU on Ubuntu] | * [https://mathiashueber.com/manually-update-qemu-on-ubuntu-18-04/ How to update QEMU on Ubuntu] | ||
= Nested KVM = | |||
[https://www.howtogeek.com/devops/how-to-enable-nested-kvm-virtualization/ How to Enable Nested KVM Virtualization] |
Latest revision as of 15:38, 7 March 2024
Resource
- KVM Kernel-based Virtual Machine
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine
- Virtual Machine Manager - virt-manager. Two display types: SPICE or VNC, and uses libvirt to lookup the graphical connection details.
- My notes:
- One advantage over VB for me: No need to go to VirtualBox website for the installation and frequent updates. I can use the command line to install it.
- The desktop screen resolution can be automatically adjusted without a need to install guest addition or vmware tool. Tested Ubuntu and Pop_OS.
- It has two windows. One is virt-manager and the other is the virtual machine qemu-system-x86_64.
- Use Left Control + Left Alt to escape the virtual machine.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QEMU
- It is probably the most widely deployed open source hypervisor in an open source environment.
- KVM cannot be installed on a Windows system.
- How to Install Linux KVM and Create Guest VM with Examples. Para-virtualization, checking the virtualization support on hardware and others. It includes the usage of virsh and virt-install commands.
- Virtualization solutions on Linux systems - KVM and VirtualBox
- CHAPTER 2. GETTING STARTED WITH VIRTUALIZATION from redhat.com
- How To Use QEMU To Test Operating Systems & Distributions
- Using KVM and VirtualBox side by side and VirtualBox and KVM beside each other
- Comparison
- Fundamental question:
- Can we install KVM without any Operating System installed -Yes because KVM is already a part of Linux kernel. The Linux kernel acts as the virtualization engine.
- Is it possible to install the Linux kernel alone?
- Change amount of Ram and CPU cores in KVM, HowTo Add Memory in KVM Virtual Machine
virsh --version virsh list virsh dominfo ubuntu16.04 | grep mem virsh setmaxmem ubuntu16.04 --size 4194304 --config # in KB virsh setmem ubuntu16.04 --size 2097152 --config # in KB virsh dominfo ubuntu16.04 | grep mem # Or edit the XML configuration file virsh edit ubuntu16.04
libvirt
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt. libvirt is an open-source API, daemon and management tool for managing platform virtualization.[3] It can be used to manage KVM, Xen, VMware ESXi, QEMU and other virtualization technologies.
- https://libvirt.org/
- Check libvirt version: sudo head -n2 /var/log/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu2004.log # on Ubuntu 20.04 it shows 6.0.0
"virt-install" to install or delete a VM
$ virt-install --help | grep graphics $ osinfo-query os $ sudo virt-install -n ubuntu2004 --os-type=Linux \ --os-variant=ubuntu18.04 --ram=2096 --vcpus=2 \ --disk size=20 \ --network network=br0 \ --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \ --location Downloads/ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso $ sudo virt-install --name=centos7server \ --os-type=Linux \ --os-variant=centos7.0 \ --vcpu=2 --ram=2048 \ --disk size=20 \ --graphics vnc \ --location=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso # Running locally $ sudo virt-install -n ubuntu20043 --os-type=Linux \ --os-variant=ubuntu20.04 \ --ram=4096 --vcpus=2 \ --disk size=20 \ --network network=default \ --cdrom ~/Downloads/ubuntu-20.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso
NB
- If we just run a live session and power off the VM, it will automatically reject the installation medium (iso file) and reboot. So eventually it showed a message "No bootable device."
- Using the Virtual Machine Manager GUI I found after I tried to delete a VM it won't actually delete the image file created in /var/lib/libvirt/images. Be careful when deleting files there. See How to delete KVM VM guest using virsh command & Removing and deleting a VM from RedHat.
$ virsh list --all Id Name State ------------------------------------ 39 ubuntu20043 running $ virsh dumpxml --domain ubuntu20043 | grep 'source file' <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu20043.qcow2' index='2'/> $ sudo virsh destroy ubuntu20043 # SHUT DOWN # "sudo virsh undefine ubuntu20043" WILL LEAVE qcow2 $ sudo virsh undefine ubuntu20043 --remove-all-storage Domain 'ubuntu20043' has been undefined Volume 'vda'(/var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu20043.qcow2) removed. $ sudo ls -lt /var/lib/libvirt/images/
Check if running in VM
9 things to do in your first 10 minutes on a Linux server
$ cat /sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor QEMU $ sudo dmidecode -s system-manufacturer QEMU
On VirtualBox + CentOS vm, it returns "innotek GmbH".
On VMware + CentOS vm, it returns "VMware, Inc".
Guest additions
It seems QEUM/KVM does not have that to download.
- Share clipboard. How can I copy&paste from the host to a KVM guest? sudo apt install spice-vdagent in the guest virtual machine. had to reboot guest to be able to make it work. It works.
- Use sudo dpkg-query -l | grep spice-vdagent to check if the package is installed or not
- Display resolution. The display has a resolution 1024x768 (4:3). I can increase to 1600x900 (16:9) or even 1920x1080 (16:9) in the guest machine (scrollbar is hidden).
- In the Virtual Machine Window, I do View -> Scale to Display where I choose Always and check the checkbox Auto resize VM with window. It did increase the resolution. See also the command line method: How to increase the visualized screen resolution on QEMU / KVM?
- Virt-Manager And Full-screen Display. View -> Scale Display -> Auto resize VM with window.
- Share files
- QEMU/KVM on Ubuntu and sharing files between host and guests. It works. Modify/create a file /etc/rc.local file to automount the folder at each login. Note the share folder still belongs to the user's group. So we can actually create a soft link for this folder on the host.
- Is there something like “VirtualBox Guest Additions” for QEMU/KVM?
- Mouse integration. virt-manager KVM mouse pointer integration (client mouse mode) with Ubuntu guest. Any way to release focus on a KVM guest in virt-manager without having to click Ctrl_L + Alt_L?
QEMU vs. KVM
QEMU vs. KVM: Which Should You Use for Virtualization? QEMU uses full system emulation, allowing it to emulate a complete computer system, including the processor, memory, storage, and peripheral devices. This flexibility makes QEMU an excellent choice for cross-platform virtualization since it supports a wide range of architectures.
Bridge network
- 11.2.6. NETWORK BRIDGE from redhat.com. It seems possible to share a NIC with one or more virtual NICs.
- Libvirt: one NIC, multiple VM, all with Bridged mode
- Configuring Guest Networking
- (Not about bridge) KVM libvirt assign static guest IP addresses using DHCP on the virtual machine
- Configure public IP addresses in KVM VMs (using brctl)
- Debian Linux: Configure Network Interfaces As A Bridge / Network Switch (using brctl)
- Ubuntu 20.04 add network bridge (br0) with nmcli command (using nmcli)
- There are different ways to configure the network in Ubuntu.
- If we are using a Ubuntu server, we will use the Netplan method.
- If we are using a Ubuntu desktop, we will use the Network manager command line nmcli method or the GUI tool nm-connection-editor.
- Use nmcli to add a bridge network and a bridge slave interface
sudo nmcli con add ifname br0 type bridge con-name br0 sudo nmcli con add ifname eno1 type bridge-slave master br0
- Use nmcli to bring down a wired network and bring up a bridge network
sudo nmcli con down "Wired connection 1" sudo nmcli con up br0
- Use nmcli to delete unused bridge networks
sudo nmcli device show sudo nmcli con show sudo nmcli con del "br0"
Install
Install on Ubuntu
- Virtualization - The Debian Administrator's Handbook
- How to install KVM on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Headless Server from cyberciti
- Simple Virtualization With Ubuntu 16.04 Linux and KVM from linuxconfig
- KVM virtualization on a home PC with Linux Mint
- How to Install and Configure KVM on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Server. I skip step 4: Configure Network Bridge for KVM virtual Machines.
- How to bring down br0 and delete it? After some messing up I need to delete br0.
sudo ip link set br0 down # ifconfig command is not found anymore sudo brctl delbr br0
- Ubuntu 20.04 Essentials (book) → Creating an Ubuntu 20.04 KVM Networked Bridge Interface. It is based on a Ubuntu Desktop environment. The description is quite detailed. Have not tried yet!
- How to Install KVM on Ubuntu 20.04
- qemu: qemu
- qemu-kvm: ovmf, qemu-block-extra, qemu-system-common, qemu-system-data, qemu-system-gui, qemu-system-x86, qemu-utils, seabios, sharutils
- libvritd-daemon: libvirt0, libvirt-daemon, libvirt-daemon-driver-qemu, ...
- virt-manager: qemu-block-extra, qemu-utils, virt-viewer, virtinst, ...
sudo apt install -y qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon \ libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-manager sudo systemctl status libvirtd # enable it to start on boot sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd lsmod | grep -i kvm ip a # I got two new: virbr0, virbr0-nic # Click the superkey (Windows) and search/launch "Virtual Machine Manager"
Click the "Create a new virtual machine" button will result in an error: No active connection to install on. Rebooting does not help. But when I use the command line to create a new VM it works (It seems sudo helps).
sudo virt-install --name=ubuntu2004 \ --os-type=Linux \ --os-variant=ubuntu20.04 \ --vcpu=2 --ram=2048 \ --graphics vnc \ --location=ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso
Add --network bridge:br0 if we have added a new bridge network (br0) in the host (eg using netplan or nmcli or nm-connection-editor GUI Tool in Ubuntu). See some resource below.
- How to install KVM server on Debian 9/10 Headless Server
- How to install KVM on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Headless Server.
- IP 192.168.2.25 is the new static IP for the bridge network (not virtual machine) and 192.168.2.254 is the gateway current ethernet is using.
- Note according to How to add network bridge with nmcli (NetworkManager) on Linux, WiFi is not possible. It only works with Ethernet. Confirmed! The bridge network can be pinged from another computer.
- How to create wireless bridge connection with nmcli. Ans: This is not possible.
- I follow this How to add network bridge with nmcli (NetworkManager) on Linux disable STP, turn off “Wired connection 1” and turn on br0.
- Question: Do I need to turn off "Wired connection 1". It will lose the original host's static IP. The new bridge IP will become the host's IP. The guest machine still obtain a new IP via DHCP. This is not what I expect?
- Before turn off “Wired connection 1” and turn on br0:
$ nmcli connection show --active NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE Wired connection 1 XXX ethernet eno1 docker0 XXX bridge docker0 virbr0 XXX bridge virbr0
- After turn off “Wired connection 1” and turn on br0:
$ nmcli connection show --active NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE br0 xxx bridge br0 docker0 XXX bridge docker0 virbr0 XXX bridge virbr0 bridge-slave-eno1 XXX ethernet eno1 vnet0 XXX tun vnet0
- I am not able to use remmina to VNC to the bridge VM. Not sure if this is because my host OS is a desktop (not headless).
-
os-variant list in virt-install
$ osinfo-query os
- Troubleshooting: virt-manager can't connect to libvirt. Rebooting computer!
- Install and Use Qemu on Ubuntu including spice-vdagent
Where are image files saved
/var/lib/libvirt/images (/var/lib/docker for Docker)
From what I can see, the directory contains many large qcow2 files that should be deleted once I delete the VM.
VNC
- KVM/QEMU 以 virt-install 指令建立虛擬機器、VNC 顯示畫面教學
sudo virt-install --virt-type kvm --name ubuntu1804 --ram 2048 --disk /home/seal/kvm/ubuntu1804.qcow2,format=qcow2 --network network=default --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,password=YOUR_PASSWORD --noautoconsole --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntu17.10 --cdrom=/home/seal/Downloads/ubuntu-18.10-desktop-amd64.iso virsh vncdisplay ubuntu1804 # 127.0.0.1:1 # pay attention to the port number # :0 --> 5900 in ssh # :1 --> 5901 in ssh sudo ufw disable # Another machine. # Suppose the host machine has an IP 192.168.0.3 ssh -NL 5901:localhost:5901 [email protected] ssh -NL 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 [email protected] vncviewer 127.0.0.1:1 # from a different machine
NOTE: I have to use local port forwarding. If I try to directly connect to the VM in RealVNC, it will show The connection was refused by the computer. A limit by KVM?
The question is how do we know the client's IP? I guess cockpit method is better.
Install qemu-system-arm in Ubuntu
- sudo apt install qemu-system-arm
- How to emulate Raspberry Pi in QEMU which is based on qemu-rpi-kernel-Qemu kernel for emulating Rpi on QEMU.
mkdir rpi-vm && cd rpi-vm git clone https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel.git # Download Raspbian Buster Lite # from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspberry-pi-os/ dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 >> 2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img sudo losetup -f -P --show 2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img sudo mount -o rw /dev/loopXp2 /mnt sudo nano /mnt/etc/fstab sudo nano /etc/ld.so.preload # Comment out the line and save the file. # Then unmount with the following commands: # sudo umount /mnt # sudo losetup -d /dev/loopX qemu-system-arm \ -M versatilepb \ -cpu arm1176 \ -m 256 \ -kernel qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu-4.19.50-buster \ -hda 2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img \ -append "dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 root=/dev/sda2 console=tty1 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline rootwait" \ -dtb qemu-rpi-kernel/versatile-pb-buster.dtb \ -no-reboot \ -serial stdio # We can install a desktop. See # https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=133691
Install on CentOS
- How to install KVM on CentOS 8 Headless Server
- How to install KVM on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 Headless Server
- How to Deploy Multiple Virtual Machines using Network Install (HTTP, FTP and NFS) under KVM Environment
qemu-system-x86_64
- The command can be used to create or rung a VM. See https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/RunningKVM
- How To Use QEMU To Test Operating Systems & Distributions
- virt-install vs qemu-system-x86_64
- To start a QEMU instance with KVM support:
qemu-system-x86_64 -name debian \ -vnc 146.20.141.254:0 -m 1024 \ -drive format=raw,index=2,file=debian.img \ -enable-kvm -daemonize
- If we use Virtual Machine Manager program, you need to have KVM (lsmod | grep kvm) installed on your system for this to work.
Install using qcow2 image
- https://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/images/
- Requesting for username and Password for the CentOS7 Qcow image
- KVM: Testing cloud-init locally using KVM for a CentOS cloud image*
- How to add ssh key to qcow2 Linux cloud images using virt-sysprep
Running a virtual machine from a ramdisk
- List of RAM drive software
- How to Create a RAM Drive in Linux
if [ "$(mount | grep -o "/mnt/ram")" != "/mnt/ram" ]; then sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ram sudo mount -t ramfs -o size=1g ramfs /mnt/ram sudo chown -R $(whoami):$(whoami) /mnt/ram fi mount | grep ram sudo umount /mnt/ram
- https://youtu.be/fOaWrhLoVK0
- Libvirt In-Memory Storage
- (Windows only) USE A RAM DISK TO GET EXTREME PERFORMANCE FROM TEMPORARY VIRTUAL MACHINES
- How to Easily Create RAM Disk on Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, CentOS. How to Create a RAM Disk in Any Linux Distro.
sudo mkdir /tmp/ramdisk sudo chmod 777 /tmp/ramdisk htop # check free ram sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=1G myramdisk /tmp/ramdisk # myramdisk is the device name I gave to it mount | tail -n 1 sudo umount /tmp/ramdisk/
Test RAM speed
# test write speed sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/ramdisk/zero bs=4k count=100000 ## 409600000 bytes (410 MB, 391 MiB) copied, 0.734813 s, 557 MB/s # SATA SSD ## 409600000 bytes (410 MB, 391 MiB) copied, 0.18296 s, 2.2 GB/s # NVME # test read speed sudo dd if=/tmp/ramdisk/zero of=/dev/null bs=4k count=100000 ## 409600000 bytes (410 MB, 391 MiB) copied, 0.410809 s, 997 MB/s # SATA SSD ## 409600000 bytes (410 MB, 391 MiB) copied, 0.139487 s, 2.9 GB/s # NVME
Auto-mount on System Boot
sudo nano /etc/fstab ## myramdisk /tmp/ramdisk tmpfs defaults,size=1G,x-gvfs-show 0 0 ## To mount it immediately without reboot, run the following command. sudo mount -a
How to Run VirtualBox VM on RAM Disk. You should set the machine folder to the RAM disk directory (/tmp/ramdisk/).
kvm command
- help kvm. The kvm wrapper script is used to provide compatibility with old qemu-kvm package which has been merged into qemu as of version 1.3. The script executes qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm passing all other command-line arguments to the qemu binary.
- How to Install Manjaro Linux in a QEMU/KVM Virtual Machine
snapshot
- How to Create, Revert and Delete KVM Virtual machine (domain) snapshot with virsh command, How to create snapshot in Linux KVM VM/Domain
$ sudo su # virsh list --all # virsh snapshot-create-as --domain win10 --name win10_snap --description "Windows 10 snapshot" # Create a snapshot # virsh snapshot-list win10 # virsh snapshot-info --domain win10 --snapshotname win10_snap # virsh snapshot-revert win10 win10_snap # Restore # virsh snapshot-delete --domain win10 --snapshotname win10_snap
- To create a snapshot using the GUI, open virtualization manager window. In the VM properties, click on the icon (two displays overlapped) which is on the right of the menu, which says Manage VM snapshots.
- To restore a snapshot using Virtual Machine Manager, right click on a snapshot and select "Start snapshot".
GUI
Virtual Machine Manager/virt-manager, Cockpit, virt-viewer, remote-viewer
sudo apt install cockpit cockpit-machines
- Creating Ubuntu 20.04 KVM Virtual Machines using Cockpit and virt-manager*.
- It shows how to handle the error of cannot opening the ISO file.
- It shows how to use virt-viewer to connect to a VM (virt-viewer)
- remote-viewer will be used if we change the Console type from 'VNC' to 'Graphics Console in Desktop Viewer' and click the 'Launch Remote Viewer' button. A text file called 'download' will be downloaded. If we click it, it will launch remote-viewer. An interesting thing is the file will be automatically deleted once we click on it:)
- Consider running a VM on a remote machine with cockpit version 215.
- For Ubuntu 20.04.1 Desktop. If I increase the display resolution from 1024x768 (4:3) to others without keeping the same ratio, the mouse calibration has a problem:( Maybe it's better not to change the resolution. The VNC method works.
- For Windows 10, we need to unplug ethernet first in order to create a local account. I've not found a way to use virt-viewer or remote-viewer to view the desktop locally. I can still use cockpit web interface (Consoles) to use the Windows desktop. I am able to increase the display resolution to 1280x800 from 1024x768 which makes the interface easy for my eyes. One problem is the machine will freeze for some unknown reason.
- Manage KVM Virtual Machines Using Cockpit Web Console
- How To Manage KVM Virtual Machines With Virt-Manager. View -> Graph -> Memory Usage. However, it seems the reported memory is correct for CentOS, but not Ubuntu or Windows.
- Install KVM && Web Cockpit Console on SparkyLinux 2020.6
- Tip: it may help to use mouse to click the installation screen to refresh the screen if we don't see the progress bar to progress.
- Manage KVM Virtual Machines Using Cockpit Web Console
- Permission error in virtual machine manager. Solution 1: use sudo sudo virt-manager Solution 2: copy iso file to /tmp directory. Solution 3: change the owner of the iso file to libvirt-qemu:kvm .
Network Install in virtual machine manager
- Create a CentOS homelab in an hour (I tested it and got the same error as one reader).
- How to Deploy Multiple Virtual Machines using Network Install (HTTP, FTP and NFS) under KVM Environment – Part 2. This guide covers 3 approaches (ftp, nfs, http) so this is the most comprehensive!
- Share Folder Between Guest and Host in virt-manager (KVM/Qemu/libvirt)
- Share Folder Between Windows Guest and Linux Host in KVM using virtiofs
How to quit full screen
How to exit full screen mode in qemu virt-manager ( RHEL / CentOS 7). Hint: click the first of two icons shown at the top-center screen.
Windows VM
How to Create a Windows Virtual Machine in Linux With KVM
Windows VM by docker
Running Windows in a Docker Container!
GNOME Boxes
- https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-boxes/stable/
- How to Install and Use GNOME Boxes to Create Virtual Machines
Network
- Host only (used by VirtualBox) = Isolated network (used by KVM). Step 1: Select a VM. Click Edit, choose "Connection Details" and add a new network (Isolated mode). This default network has IPv4 192.168.122.0/24 Step 2: Click Edit, choose "Virtual machine Details" and click the Information icon (circle shape). Click "Add Hardware" and choose "Isolated network" for the Network source. Leave the MAC address and Device model as defaults. This network network has IP4 192.168.100.0/24.
- How to Configure Network Bridge in Ubuntu*. Three methods. Excellent instruction!
- The new (slave-type) bridge network should tie to one of existing network adapters for this to work.
- The new adapter will be br0 only if we use the netplan method.
- If we use the nmcli or the nm-connection-editor GUI method, we need to deactivate the Ethernet interface (if we use Ethernet). The final adapters will have br0 and bridge-br0.
- To set a static IP on the host, see Ubuntu -> Set static IP, How to Configure Static IP Address on Ubuntu 20.04.
- How to configure bridged network in virt-manager (CentOS / RHEL 7)
- Install And Set Up KVM On Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa Linux
- KVM: Creating a bridged network with NetPlan on Ubuntu bionic
- VirtualNetworking
- Network XML format
- KVM Networking - NAT & Host-Only
- Home Lab Project: Network Bridges for KVM - NAT, Host-only, Isolated
Find out the IP of the guest machine
# Method 1: $ virsh list $ virsh domifaddr centos8 # Method 2: $ sudo apt install net-tools # Debian $ sudo dnf install net-tools # CentOS $ arp -n # find the rows with virbr0 adapter # Method 3: # KVM -> Info -> NIC
Backup and restore images
How to KVM Backup and Restore in Linux
# Backup virsh list --all virsh dumpxml win10 > /MyBackup/win10.xml sudo cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/win10.qcow2 /MyBackup/win10.qcow2 sudo chown $USER:$USER /MyBackup/*.qcow2 # Restore Making sudo virsh undefine win10 ls -l /etc/libvirt/qemu virsh list --all sudo rm /var/lib/libvirt/images/win10.qcow2 sudo cp /MyBackup/win10.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/ sudo virsh define --file /MyBackup/win10.xml # virsh start win10
Cheat sheet
Vagrant
- https://www.vagrantup.com/
- How To Use Vagrant With Libvirt KVM Provider
- Learning vagrant (Lynda.com)
- Managing KVM virtual machines part I – Vagrant and libvirt (it has a nice diagram to show a big picture of things related to libvirt),
- How To Use Vagrant with Libvirt on Linux
How to Use Virtualbox VMs on KVM In Linux
How to Use Virtualbox VMs on KVM In Linux
Run macOS on KVM / QEMU
- How To run macOS on KVM / QEMU
- Install macOS Big Sur Or Catalina In A Virtual Machine Using Docker-OSX
- How To Install macOS in a Virtual Machine on Ubuntu Linux
Run SteamOS on QEMU
Running the Steam Deck’s OS in a virtual machine using QEMU
QuickEMU
- QuickEMU - Quickly create and run optimised Windows, macOS and Linux desktop virtual machines
- How To Run Windows 11 and macOS Virtual Machines in Linux (enough screenshots)
- Use Quickemu to Run Windows, macOS & Linux Virtual Machines
- Quickly Create And Run Optimized Linux, macOS And Windows Virtual Machines With Quickemu (With Auto ISO Download)
- (video) By Chris Titus Tech
- How To Test Linux Distros Online With DistroSea
Some lessons:
- By default new folders are created when we create/download guest machine in the home folder. We can create a new folder for managing these guest machines.
- Use Ctrl+Alt+g to release the mouse. The hint is at the top of window.
- Change boot="legacy" in windows-11.conf helps to show the Windows installation process (See Simple shell script to "manage" Qemu virtual machines.). But it still failed Windows could not create a partition on disk 0. The error occurred while applying the unattend answer file's <DiskConfiguration> setting. Error code: 0x80042565.
- When I tried to install quickemu on another freshly installed xubuntu 20.04 focal fossa (Core2 Quad CPU), the installation went through without any problem.
- The app running the guest machine is spicy.
- I can install macOS Catalina, Windows 11, etc. The trick to install macOS is manually reboot the guest machine a couple times. Also it is useful to play the "Options -> Scale display" option in "spicy" to better see the text when we install macOS. Then it works.
- I need to use Shift + F12 (see the hint at the bottom of spicy window) to release mouse (or exit full display) in spicy (the GUI where the guest machine is running) on my Ubuntu. When installing macOS, I need to use my keyboard (mouse does not work) to select the hdd for booting macOS (or just wait a few seconds & the 1st drive will be used to boot).
- It helps to drag and enlarge the guest machine window (by default 'Scale display' option is checked).
- When installing macOS, the screen says "About X minutes remaining". But it seems it stuck there (the minutes is not changed) though the CPU is busy. If I closed the window, shutdown the guest machine and reboot it, installation continues. Doing this a few times and eventually a new window ("Select Your Country or Region") will come up. In order to monitor the download, I open another terminal and run something like watch du -s ~/macos-big-sur. This will help me to decide when to restart the VM. For big-sur, the folder size stops at 26655436 and after I reboot the VM, the folder size keep increasing and stops at 32565600. For the 3rd reboot, it still downloads something and needs 2 internal reboots. So I think the problem is the data needs to be downloaded from Apple server is TOO large.
- macos-big-sur & macos-monterey took about 32G & 34G space.
- Every time I boot macOS, I shall use the right arrow to select the 2nd icon and press the Enter button to start.
- macOS Catalina asks at least 4 characters for the password (I choose 6)
- For macOS Catalina/Monterey guest machine, it automatically allocates 2 CPUs(?), 4/8GB RAM (depending on the host total RAM?), 100GB storage by default. After installing macOS, 75GB will still be available.
- (Maybe related to Ubuntu 22.04 host using wayland). Whenever I start macOS vm, it pops up a window "Allow inhibiting shortcuts. The application spicy wants to inhibit shortcuts. You can restore shortcuts by pressing Super+Escape." I choose the default "Allow" and it seems to be OK. PS: I need to do this action quickly or the macOS window will go to black and not responds to my keyboard/mouse.
- For Windows 11 guest machine, it allocates 2 CPUs, 4/8GB RAM, 64GB storage with 43GB free.
- For Lubuntu guest machine (much better speed than macOS/Windows VM, fill full screen, Qt/KDE based), it allocates 2 CPUs, 4GB RAM, 16GB storage with 8.4GB free.
Build QEMU from source