Html: Difference between revisions
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* https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/section | * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/section | ||
* [https://stackoverflow.com/a/6941170 <nowiki>What is the difference between <section> and <div>? </nowiki>] | * [https://stackoverflow.com/a/6941170 <nowiki>What is the difference between <section> and <div>? </nowiki>] | ||
* [https://youtu.be/s5peOlIC8pU?si=DpPQR4RCSpW6TFbj How to view the structural outline of a website with the HTML Outliner], [ | * [https://youtu.be/s5peOlIC8pU?si=DpPQR4RCSpW6TFbj How to view the structural outline of a website with the HTML Outliner], [[#HTML_5_outliner|HTML5 Outliner]] extension. | ||
= PHP = | = PHP = |
Revision as of 09:03, 2 October 2023
Some useful HTML tags about form
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_forms.asp
form
<form action="demo_form.asp"> First name: <input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Mickey"><br> Last name: <input type="text" name="LastName" value="Mouse"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form>
radio button label and input
<form action="demo_form.asp"> <label for="male">Male</label> <input type="radio" name="sex" id="male" value="male"><br> <label for="female">Female</label> <input type="radio" name="sex" id="female" value="female"><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form>
dropdown list select and option
<select> <option value="volvo">Volvo</option> <option value="saab">Saab</option> <option value="opel">Opel</option> <option value="audi">Audi</option> </select>
Let users choose which plot you want to show
Upload file using input
<form action="demo_form.asp"> Select a file: <input type="file" name="img"> <input type="submit"> </form>
map
div
<div style="color:#0000FF"> <h3>This is a heading in a div element</h3> <p>This is some text in a div element.</p> </div>
tabs
Full Page Tabs. Make sure to include a big div to wrap individual divs (tabs).
id attribute
https://www.w3schools.com/hTML/html_id.asp
<style> #myHeader { background-color: lightblue; color: black; padding: 40px; text-align: center; } </style> <h1 id="myHeader">My Header</h1>
CSS and JS
Link CSS and Js Files With an HTML File
- To link a CSS file with your HTML file, you have to write the next script on your HTML file inside the head tag
- To link a Js file with your HTML, you only have to add the source of the script inside the body tag or outside; it doesn’t matter.
Section tag, outline
- https://www.w3schools.com/TAgs/tag_section.asp
- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/section
- What is the difference between <section> and <div>?
- How to view the structural outline of a website with the HTML Outliner, HTML5 Outliner extension.
PHP
Simple examples
mywebpage.php
<?php echo "Today is " . date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
Differences between a standard HTML doc and a PHP doc
- PHP scripts should be saved with the .php file extension.
- You place PHP code within <?php and ?> tags, normally withink the context of some HTML.
- PHP is a server-side technology. So PHP scripts must be run on a PHP-enabled Web server. This means that PHP must be run through a URL (i.e. http://yourdomain/mypage.php).
If the php source code is
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <body> <?php # This script does nothing much. echo '<p>This is a line of text.<br />This is another line of text.</p>'; /* echo 'This line will not be executed.'; */ echo "<p>Now I'm done.</p>"; // End of PHP code. ?> </body> </html>
then when we view the page source from a web browser, it will look like
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <body> <p>This is a line of text.<br />This is another line of text.</p><p>Now I'm done.</p> </body> </html>
Resource
- Learning PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, and CSS
- PHP Solutions: Dynamic Web Design Made Easy
- Suhosin PHP Advanced Protection System
Debugging techniques
- Run PHP scripts through a URL; i.e. it must be requested through http://something.
- Know what version of PHP you're running; run phpinfo.php to confirm.
- Make sure display_errors is on. This is related to PHP configuration setting.
- CHeck the HTML source code.
- Trust the error message.
Quick sheet
- print_r($_SERVER); print 'ABCD';
- Use /* and */ for comments
- Variables are case-sensitive!
- Constants define('PI', 3.14);
- Strings: "Hello, $first_name", "I said \"How are you?\"". Note that backslash is used to escape the quotation.
- Arrays can be used by using either indexed array or associative array. For indexed arrays, the key is 0,1,2,3,... and for associative arrays, the key is a string. For example, $name[0]='Don' and $state['VT'] = 'Vermont'.
- Single quotation marks are treated literally; items within double quotation marks are extrapolated. This means that within double quotation marks, a variable's name is replaced with its value, but the same is not true for single quotation marks.
- XHTML are different from HTML
- the code needs to be in all lowercase letters
- every tag attribute must be enclosed in quotes
- For example, <INPUT TYPE=TEXT NAME=address SIZE=40> in HTML becomes <input text="text" name="address" size="40"> in XHTML
- For avoiding security problems in form, use PHP functions like htmlspecialchars(), htmlentities(), strip_tags().
- htmlspecialchars() converts certain HTMLM tags into their entity versions. The entity version appears in the output but isn't rendered.
- htmlentities() turns all HTML tags into their entity versions.
- strip_tags() removes all HTML and PHP tags.
- foreach() {}
- abcd
PHP, form and POST method
# | index.php | welcome.php |
---|---|---|
1. | <html> <body> <form action="welcome.php" method="post"> Name: <input type="text" name="fname" /> Age: <input type="text" name="age" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> </body> </html> |
<html> <body> Welcome <?php echo $_POST["fname"]; ?>!<br /> You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old. </body> </html> |
The 'action' attribute in <form> defines an absolute or a relative URL. That is, the action could be pointing to an asp, cgi page or something like "mailto:[email protected]".
PHP, form and GET method
index.php | welcome.php |
---|---|
<form action="welcome.php" method="get"> Name: <input type="text" name="fname" /> Age: <input type="text" name="age" /> <input type="submit" /> </form> |
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["fname"]; ?>.<br /> You are <?php echo $_GET["age"]; ?> years old! |
GET, the default, will send the form input in an URL, whereas POST sends it in the body of the submission. The latter method means you can send larger amounts of data, and that the URL of the form results doesn't show the encoded form.
MySQL basic operations
- Log into root
$ mysql -u root -h myserver-sever.com -p
- Create a new mysql database called demo
mysql> CREATE DATABASE demo;
- create a new user and GRANT (add) privileges to a newly created user on all tables in the demo database.
CREATE USER 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword'; GRANT ALL ON demo.* TO 'user1'@'localhost';
OR
mysql> GRANT ALL ON demo.* TO user1@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'mypassword';
- How to connect to the demo database on local/remote MySQL server?
$ mysql -u user1 -h mysql.server.com -p demo
- To remove an account
DROP USER 'user1'@'localhost'
- Create a table on the demo database
mysql> USE demo; mysql> DROP TABLE Employee; mysql> CREATE TABLE Employee ( -> Name VARCHAR(50), -> Phone VARCHAR(15) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec) mysql> Show tables; mysql> Describe Employee; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Name | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | | | Phone | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO Employee (Name, Phone) VALUES ('Joe Wang', '666 2323'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO Employee (Name) VALUES ('John Doe'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO Employee (Name, Phone) VALUES ('John Doe', NULL); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> Select * from Employee; +----------+----------+ | Name | Phone | +----------+----------+ | Joe Wang | 666 2323 | | John Doe | NULL | | John Doe | NULL | +----------+----------+
Username/password
File upload
Need to change the folder permission/property. See here.
- chmod -R 777 FOLDERNAME
- sudo usermod www-data --apend --groups GROUPNAME
where GROUPNAME is the group name of the folder and www-data is the user that runs the web server.
- sudo chown -R .www-data FOLDERNAME
where the dot means no change for the owner's name. We just change the group name. It is also helpful to do chmod -R 775 FOLDERNAME.
- just edit /etc/group file. See the link above.
Examples:
- http://taichi.selfip.net:81/lang/php/w3/uploadphp/
- http://taichi.selfip.net:81/lang/php/xqto/index.php
Login/out + File upload
The following test page combines the ideas of login/out and file upload.
PHP and database
Books
Modules
sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep -i php
- How to install PHP modules For example aptitude install php-mbstring
CSS
- http://www.w3schools.com/css/default.asp
- HTML and CSS: Design and Build Websites
- beginner and advanced Designer/developer Shay Howe put together a set of free lessons.
- channel9.msdn.com
Three Styles
- Store an exteranl style sheet in a separate file
- Embed an internal style sheet inside an HTML document (inside the <head> section your page).
- Inline style
Anatomy of a Rule
selector { property: value }
Example:
h1 { text-align: center; color: blue }
Web colors
Normally hex form requires 6 digits but the short form only requires 3 digits. For example, #09C is the same as #0099CC.
(Outdated) Google chrome devtools provides a color magnifier which can be used to identify the color code of a specific pixel on the screen. Here is a gif showing the process to get the color picker.
- Open devtools
- Right click on a website and choose 'inspect'
- Click somewhere having class. The style definition will be shown in a small panel
- If color was used somewhere, there should be a small square showing the defined color. Click the square.
- Now if we move the cursor to the website, a magnifier will be shown up
- Color Picker or Eyedropper from Chrome-DevTools CSS Reference
- ColorPick Eyedropper extension works well. 2020
Important Tools
http://www.lifehack.org/314802/10-best-tools-optimize-and-audit-css-code
- Notepad++ - color coded formatting
- Stylizer - CSS editor with preview and has 8 built-in browsers
- Blueprint - CSS framework
- ProCSSor - cleans and organizes your css the way you want it
- CSS Compressor - reducing the size of your CSS code and helping your website to load much faster as a result
Simple example
<style> body { background-color:#d0e4fe; } h1 { color:orange; text-align:center; } p { font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-size:20px; } </style>
To insert a CSS in an html file, use
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
href
- Starting with a forward slash in html for "href". One is a relative path and one an absolute path. So you don't need to use something like "../../page.html".
- hyperlink who's path is only a forward slash (/)
Links/Anchor
a { color: hotpink; }
Margin vs padding
- http://www.digizol.com/2006/12/margin-vs-padding-css-properties.html
- http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_boxmodel.asp
Add vertical space
https://stackoverflow.com/a/9141084
What’s the difference between comma separated identifiers and space separated?
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6670360/space-separated-things-in-css
- http://community.sitepoint.com/t/whats-the-difference-between-comma-separated-identifiers-and-space-separated/6309/2
Overlapping elements
CSS position -> overlapping elements
Float an image
CSS floating -> How Elements Float
Text in Transparent Box
CSS Image Opacity
@media, @keyframes, @-webkit-keyframes ...
Tile style
Javascript
Collapsibles/Accordion
How TO - Collapsibles/Accordion
Search box
- JavaScript Project | Create Product Search Engine/Bar/Filter in JavaScript
- How to Add a Google Search Bar to Your Website
- How to set up a website search engine
- PHP and possibly MySQL
- AJAX Live Search
jQuery
- jQuery main page (download 1.8.3, simple example)
- jQuery plugin
- Tutorial
- multiple selection without Ctrl key
- Understand jQuery
To use the javascript in the HTML code, we can grab the script from internet, local directory or defined in the html.
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.1/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../jquery.nivo.slider.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(window).load(function() { $('#slider').nivoSlider(); effect: 'random' }); </script>
Image slider/carousel/lightbox/gallery
- How to Create a Simple Image Gallery Using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
- https://www.w3schools.com/howto/howto_js_slideshow.asp
- Nivo slider Free to abuse.
- High slide Non free for commerical/government use.
- Lightbox2 by Lokesh Dhakar. It needs to create a thumbnail version of all images.
- http://ashleydw.github.io/lightbox/. It still needs to create a thumbnail version of all images.
It seems if we want to create lightbox image gallery, we need to create thumbnails first. We can skip creating thumbnail images if we don't need javascript and lightbox effect.
Tree
- http://code.stephenmorley.org/javascript/collapsible-lists/
- http://code.google.com/p/dynatree/
- https://github.com/jzaefferer/jquery-treeview
- http://www.queness.com/post/1138/10-javascriptcss-treeview-and-sitemap-plugins-and-tutorials
Responsive Design
- What Is “Responsive Design,” And How Do You Use It?
- Responsively App Is A Browser For Fast Responsive Web Development (Free And Open Source)
- w3schools
- Mobile Navigation Menu using HTML & CSS.
- Create an Absolute Basic Mobile CSS Responsive Navigation Menu including a demo and source code.
- Some random videos
- 17: How to Make a Website Responsive | Learn HTML and CSS | HTML Tutorial | Basics of CSS no free source code
- Responsive CSS Grid Tutorial
- How to Make Images Responsive in HTML & CSS // Responsive Web Design Tutorial. html files: viewport, css files: @media screen and (max-width: 500px)
- Responsive Navigation Bar Tutorial | HTML CSS JAVASCRIPT
Test mobile-friendliness
https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/mobile-friendly/
How to emulate a mobile device in a desktop browser
https://www.digitalcitizen.life/emulate-mobile-device-desktop-browser
Twitter Bootstrap
Tutorial
Examples
Plugins
- http://getbootstrap.com/javascript/ Take a look at ScrollSpy.
- http://jquery-plugins.net/tag/sticky-scroll
- http://bigspotteddog.github.io/ScrollToFixed/
Misc
Design a Stunning Website
Want to Design a Stunning Website? 10 Tips to Impress Your Client
Portfolio Website
How to Create a Portfolio Website From Scratch
Cheatsheet
https://hostingfacts.com/html-cheat-sheet/ (23 pages in pdf or 1 in png)
Show modified date
$ cat test.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <body> <script> function myFunction() { update = new Date(document.lastModified) theMonth = update.getMonth() + 1 theDate = update.getDate() theYear = update.getFullYear() document.writeln("<I>Last updated:" + theMonth + "/" + theDate + "/" + theYear + "</I>") } </script> This file was <script>myFunction();</script> </body> </html>
To change the file's modified date attribute on Linux, use the touch command, for example, touch -mt200801120000 test.html
Intro to Graphic Design
https://www.udemy.com/introduction-to-graphic-design/?dtcode=onMH2sD3bj21
Table of contents/TOC
- Manual method. See an example Simple Table of Contents (ToC) Using Pure HTML and CSS Code.
- add <a name = "top"> </a>
- add <a href="#top"> link to top </a>
- Automatic Table of Contents
- Is there a JavaScript solution to generating a “table of contents” for a page?
- html and js code at here
- For html, add a line <script src="toc.js"></script>
- For js, saving it to a file toc.js
- No CSS is involved so the TOC is located at the top of the page
Identify font in a web page
- 4 Ways To Quickly Identify Your Favorite Web Page Fonts. For example, it looks like this site is using Open Sans according to the Chrome Developer Tools.
- How to Find a Webpage's Font Using the Inspect Element Tool and Browser Extensions
Font size
- Size of font in CSS with slash. It means font-size/line-height.
p { font: 12pt/14pt sans-serif }
- CSS font-family Property. The font-family property can hold several font names as a "fallback" system. If the browser does not support the first font, it tries the next font.
- CSS line-height Property
Fonts, icons
- How can I determine what font a browser is actually using to render some text? Firefox is easy.
- http://icoconvert.com/
- http://fortawesome.github.io/Font-Awesome/
- Kubuntu icons EvolvereSuit
- https://fonts.google.com/
- http://fontawesome.io/icons/ and here
- Icon Fonts Are Awesome for Your Site: Here’s Why
- iconfinder Free
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>MUO Icon Fonts</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <style> html { font-family: helvetica, arial; } @keyframes move { from { margin-left: 0; } to { margin-left: 400px; } } .bike { animation-name: move; animation-duration: 4s; } </style> </head> <body> <i class="fa fa-cog"></i> My First Icon <i class="fa fa-battery-0 fa-lg"></i> <i class="fa fa-battery-1 fa-2x"></i> <i class="fa fa-battery-2 fa-3x"></i> <i class="fa fa-battery-3 fa-4x"></i> <i class="fa fa-battery-4 fa-5x"></i> <i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin fa-3x"></i> <i class="fa fa-motorcycle fa-5x bike"></i> </body> </html>
Editor
- Brackets
- Plunker online editor
- https://codepen.io/
Free images
Optimize images
My favorite Linux commands for optimizing web images
HTML symbols/icons
Free icons
- https://www.fatcow.com/free-icons
- https://www.flaticon.com/
- https://icons8.com/icon/
- https://www.canva.com/learn/free-icons-download/
- https://iconduck.com/
- https://bioicons.com/ free science illustrations for biologists, chemists, machine learning
Convert/crop an image to round shape, or different resolutions
- https://www298.lunapic.com/editor/?action=crop (you can manually select an area)
- http://icoconvert.com/ (you cannot select an area)
10 Things You Can Create With Canva With Zero Effort
Cookies
An example to inform visitors https://www.jamescoyle.net/how-to/116-simple-apache-reverse-proxy-example
https://www.cookielaw.org/the-cookie-law/
DAP: Digital Analytics Program
Web analytics
List of web analytics software such as AWStats
Section 508 compliant
- https://training.cit.nih.gov/class_details.aspx?cId=NIHCIT-AT100
- https://training.cit.nih.gov/class_details.aspx?cId=NIHCIT-AT173
- https://training.cit.nih.gov/class_details.aspx?cId=NIHCIT-AT171
- Random examples of personal website including publications: Peddada, Nason
An example is to add alt="" to provide an alternative text for an image. Note that alt attribute is not allowed for an a element.
<a href="abc.png"><img src="abc.png" alt="">Visit me</a>
How to force pdf files to open or downloaded in browser
Examples of R package html page
- BCRA R Package (linked from Mitchell H. Gail page
Display Chinese characters
Include the following in head tag. See how to display chinese character in HTML
<meta charset="utf-8">
Acute accent character
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_accent
- Special characters like “e” with accent acute over it in HTML page?
What is a URL
What Is a URL, and How Can You Edit One?
Spaces in URL links
Can I use spaces (blank space chars) in links (link href), images (img src) and other URLs? Ans: Replace each space character with %20
URL Encode/decode (such as Chinese characters) using UTF-8 encoding
- To copy URL with UTF-8 encoding, adding a space at the end of URL in the address bar before copying. It works.
- bing: url decode
- https://www.urldecoder.org/
- https://www.url-encode-decode.com/
- R
> URLdecode("https://www.worldjournal.com/5935170/article-%E8%97%A5%E8%8D%89%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%9F%E8%A1%93-%E6%A1%82%E8%8A%B1%E3%80%81%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E6%9F%9A%E7%B2%BE%E6%B2%B9-%E7%B4%93%E8%A7%A3%E9%AB%94%E6%AA%A2%E7%84%A6%E6%85%AE/") [1] "https://www.worldjournal.com/5935170/article-藥草養生術-桂花、葡萄柚精油-紓解體檢焦慮/"
Check websites for broken links
- LinkChecker
- bash script lynx_traversal
Calculate page loading time
Get pageload time using command line. This works on local servers too.
$ time wget -pq --no-cache --delete-after http://10.42.0.66/wiki/index.php/C real 4m30.402s user 0m0.036s sys 0m0.032s
It seems apache/mediawiki have a cache system. If I repeat the testing on the same page, it will be fast. But if I test on a new page, it will be slow again.
We can also use curl. Testing a website from Linux command line
$ curl --trace-time -o /dev/null http://10.42.0.66/wiki/index.php/Virtualbox % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 145k 0 145k 0 0 5161 0 --:--:-- 0:00:28 --:--:-- 32638
Code beautify/validator/formatter
- https://codebeautify.org/htmlviewer/
- https://www.freeformatter.com/html-formatter.html (3 spaces for identation)
- Google: reformat html online
Print with PDF
Tested on this page
- Print Friendly. Format may be changed. Page font size looks good.
- web2pdfconvert. Format may be kept. Page font size is large. Article becomes 1.5x or double spaced.
- http://pdfmyurl.com. Not good.
- How to Create Printer-friendly Pages with CSS
Google Analytics
All That You Can Do with Google Analytics, and More
Chrome browser
Developer Tools
HTML 5 outliner
- Outliner from Wikipedia. Some common file formats include XML, HTML, OPML, OML,RDF.
- https://gsnedders.html5.org/outliner/
- https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/html5_outliner/
- https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/html5-outliner/afoibpobokebhgfnknfndkgemglggomo
Inspect
- Google Chrome: right click -> Inspect
- Firefox: right click -> Inspect Element. See Open the Inspector.
Extensions
- 28 of the Best Chrome Extensions for Developers in 2022
- Web Developer by chrispederick.com
- CSSViewer
- 13 Best Chrome Extensions for Web Developers
- Best Chrome Extensions for Developers and Designers
CGI/Perl
- hello.cgi and form validation
- CGI Programming 101
- http://perlmeme.org/tutorials/cgi_form.html
- http://www.rebol.com/docs/cgi2.html
- http://info.eps.surrey.ac.uk/FAQ/cgitutor/cgi3.html
- How to generate webpages using CGI scripts
On Ubuntu, the CGI script should be placed in /usr/lib/cgi-bin folder.
$ ls -l /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hello.cgi -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 139 2012-11-21 12:19 /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hello.cgi
Notice that mode is 755 for the executable file. The script
$ cat /usr/lib/cgi-bin/hello.cgi #!/usr/bin/perl print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; print <<END_HTML; <html> <head></head> <body>Hello, World!</body> </html> END_HTML
Open a web browser and enter http://localhost/cgi-bin/hello.cgi.
If the cgi was used in html form, the html code should look like
<FORM ACTION="/cgi-bin/mycgi.pl"> favorite color: <INPUT name="favecolor"> <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="Submit"> </FORM>