Install R: Difference between revisions
| Line 588: | Line 588: | ||
make[1]: [Makefile:88: stamp-java] Error 1 (ignored) | make[1]: [Makefile:88: stamp-java] Error 1 (ignored) | ||
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3' | make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3' | ||
</pre> | |||
=== Udoo and PCRE2 === | |||
[https://www.udoo.org/resources-quad-dual/ UDoo dual] (released 2013) comes with Ubuntu 14.04 (released 2018). When I install R 4.3.1, the .configure commands complains about missing PCRE2 library. The '''apt-get install libpcre2-dev''' command cannot find the library. So we need to install PCRE2 from source. After that, ./configure and make commands work fine. | |||
<pre> | |||
wget https://github.com/PCRE2Project/pcre2/releases/download/pcre2-10.42/pcre2-10.42.tar.gz | |||
tar -zxvf pcre2-10.42.tar.gz | |||
cd pcre2-10.42 | |||
./configure | |||
make -j 24 | |||
sudo make install | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
Revision as of 12:34, 5 October 2023
rig
rig - The R Installation Manager by r-lib. Install, remove, configure R versions. Note rig automatically installed the "pak" R package when we call "rig add" unless we add ""--without-pak" option.
Mac
- Setting up macOS as an R data science rig in 2023
brew tap r-lib/rig brew install --cask rig # require PIV card & pin rig --version brew upgrade --cask rig # upgrade rig # But it requires several entering of my password. # Maybe it's easier to use the installer rig add --help rig add release # require PIV card & pin # It installed R 4.2.2 but my R 4.2.1 is gone. rig list # x86 CPU # * name version aliases # ------------------------------------------ # 3.6 (R 3.6.0) # 4.0 (R 4.0.4) # * 4.2 (R 4.2.2) release rig default 4.0 # switch from 4.2.2 to 4.0.4On my current M1 computer (ARM cpu)
$ rig add release # install the latest version # It installed R 4.3.0 but R 4.2.2 is still available (& default) $ /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.3-arm64/Resources/bin/R # I don't need to "rig default" to get to another version of R $ rig list * name version aliases ------------------------------------------ * 4.2-arm64 (R 4.2.2) 4.3-arm64 (R 4.3.0) release $ rig default 4.3-arm64 $ rig default 4.2-arm64 - What happens to my project containing renv environment that used a newer R after I switch to an older R?
# Bootstrapping renv 0.16.0 -------------------------------------------------- * Downloading renv 0.16.0 ... OK (downloaded source) * Installing renv 0.16.0 ... Done! * Successfully installed and loaded renv 0.16.0. ℹ Using R 4.0.4 (lockfile was generated with R 4.2.1) * Project '~/GBM' loaded. [renv 0.16.0] * The project library is out of sync with the lockfile. * Use `renv::restore()` to install packages recorded in the lockfile.
- So how to use two versions of R at the same time? (x86 CPU)
rig default 4.0 # this will affect the whole OS # but it is OK to run "rig default 4.2" on another terminal # and launch an instance of (a different version of) R rig rstudio 4.2 # for this specific process - How to launch a specific version of R from a specific directory? The document seems outdated. Note the "-n" parameter stands for "new" and is used to open a new instance of the application. Search for The macOS open Command.
open -n -a RStudio ~/proj/proj.Rproj \ --env RSTUDIO_WHICH_R=/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.2-arm64/Resources/R
Ubuntu
Tested on Ubuntu 22.04 x86.
- It will install the pak package under the user's directory. 'pak' supports CRAN, 'Bioconductor' and 'GitHub' packages as well.
- It sets up a default repository.
- It uses RSPM. So install.packages will download binary files for packages instead of building packages from their source code.
- No sudo command before rig add release
- But it'll ask your password anyway
- The command will install the latest version of R. But it will not set it as the default R.
- rig add devel will install the devel version. After I run that, rig list will show two versions of R
$ rig --version RIG -- The R Installation Manager 0.5.0 $ rig list * 4.2.1 devel (R 4.3.0)
- Use sudo rig default devel to switch the default R to devel. Use sudo rig default 4.2.1 to switch back.
- Run rig <subcommand> --help for information about a subcommand
$ rig default --help $ rig rstudio --help $ rig system add-pak --help
- Run multiple versions at the same time
$ which R-4.2.1 /usr/local/bin/R-4.2.1 $ which R-devel /usr/local/bin/R-devel
- Linux rig system subcommands
rig system add-pak -- install or update pak for an R version
- To launch a specific version of R with RStudio (Changing R versions for the RStudio Desktop IDE)
export RSTUDIO_WHICH_R=/opt/R/4.2.3/bin/R rstudio ~/Project/Project.Rproj
env RSTUDIO_WHICH_R=/opt/R/4.2.3/bin/R rstudio ~/Project/Project.Rproj
Raspberry Pi
Tested on Raspberry Pi 3B
- Install rig and R 4.3.0 is OK.
- Frozen when I installed the dplyr (probably low resource).
Install Rtools for Windows users
See http://goo.gl/gYh6C for a step-by-step instruction (based on Rtools30.exe) with screenshot. Note that in the step of 'Select Components', the default is 'Package authoring installation'. But we want 'Full installation to build 32 or 64 bit R'; that is, check all components (including tcl/tk) available. The "extra" files will be stored in subdirectories of the R source home directory. These files are not needed to build packages, only to build R itself. By default, the 32-bit R source home is C:\R and 64-bit source home is C:\R64. After the installation, these two directories will contain a new directory 'Tcl'.
My preferred way is not to check the option of setting PATH environment. But I manually add the followings to the PATH environment (based on Rtools v3.2.2)
c:\Rtools\bin; c:\Rtools\gcc-4.6.3\bin; C:\Program Files\R\R-3.2.2\bin\i386;
We can make our life easy by creating a file <Rcommand.bat> with the content (also useful if you have C:\cygwin\bin in your PATH although cygwin setup will not do it automatically for you.)
PS. I put <Rcommand.bat> under C:\Program Files\R folder. I create a shortcut called 'Rcmd' on desktop. I enter C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /K "Rcommand.bat" in the Target entry and "C:\Program Files\R" in Start in entry.
@echo off set PATH=C:\Rtools\bin;c:\Rtools\gcc-4.6.3\bin set PATH=C:\Program Files\R\R-3.2.2\bin\i386;%PATH% set PKG_LIBS=`Rscript -e "Rcpp:::LdFlags()"` set PKG_CPPFLAGS=`Rscript -e "Rcpp:::CxxFlags()"` echo Setting environment for using R cmd
So we can open the Command Prompt anywhere and run <Rcommand.bat> to get all environment variables ready! On Windows Vista, 7 and 8, we need to run it as administrator. OR we can change the security of the property so the current user can have an executive right.
Windows Toolset
Note that R on Windows supports Mingw-w64 (not Mingw which is a separate project). See here for the issue of developing a Qt application that links against R using Rcpp. And http://qt-project.org/wiki/MinGW is the wiki for compiling Qt using MinGW and MinGW-w64.
Build R from its source on Windows OS (not cross compile on Linux)
Reference: https://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-admin.html#Installing-R-under-Windows
First we try to build 32-bit R (tested on R 3.2.2 using Rtools33). At the end I will see how to build a 64-bit R.
Download https://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/goodies/multilib/local320.zip (read https://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/libs.html). create an empty directory, say c:/R/extsoft, and unpack it in that directory by e.g.
unzip local320.zip -d c:/R/extsoft
Tcl: two methods
- Download tcl file from http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/pub/Rtools/R_Tcl_8-5-8.zip. Unzip and put 'Tcl' into R_HOME folder.
- If you have chosen a full installation when running Rtools, then copy C:/R/Tcl or C:/R64/Tcl (not the same) to R_HOME folder.
Open a command prompt as Administrator"
set PATH=c:\Rtools\bin;c:\Rtools\gcc-4.6.3\bin set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Users\brb\Downloads\R-3.2.2\bin\i386;c:\windows;c:\windows\system32 set TMPDIR=C:/tmp tar --no-same-owner -xf R-3.2.2.tar.gz cp -R c:\R64\Tcl c:\Users\brb\Downloads\R-3.2.2 cd R-3.2.2\src\gnuwin32 cp MkRules.dist MkRules.local # Modify MkRules.local file; specifically uncomment + change the following 2 flags. # LOCAL_SOFT = c:/R/extsoft # EXT_LIBS = $(LOCAL_SOFT) make
If we see an error of texi2dvi() complaining pdflatex is not available, it means a vanilla R is successfully built.
If we want to build the recommended packages (MASS, lattice, Matrix, ...) as well, run (check all make option in <R_HOME\src\gnuwin32\Makefile>)
make recommended
If we need to rebuild R for whatever reason, run
make clean
If we want to build R with debug information, run
make DEBUG=T
NB: 1. The above works for creating 32-bit R from its source. If we want to build 64-bit R from its source, we need to modify MkRules.local file to turn on the MULTI flag.
MULTI = 64
and reset the PATH variable
set PATH=c:\Rtools\bin;c:\Rtools\gcc-4.6.3\bin set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Users\brb\Downloads\R-3.2.2\bin\x64;c:\windows;c:\windows\system32
I don't need to mess up with other flags like BINPREF64, M_ARCH, AS_ARCH, RC_ARCH, DT_ARCH or even WIN. The note http://www.stat.yale.edu/~jay/Admin3.3.pdf is kind of old and is not needed. 2. If we have already built 32-bit R and want to continue to build 64-bit R, it is not enough to run 'make clean' before run 'make' again since it will give an error message incompatible ./libR.dll.a when searching for -lR in building Rgraphapp.dll. In fact, libR.dll.a can be cleaned up if we run 'make distclean' but it will also wipe out /bin/i386 folder:(
See also Create_a_standalone_Rmath_library below about how to create and use a standalone Rmath library in your own C/C++/Fortran program. For example, if you want to know the 95-th percentile of a T distribution or generate a bunch of random variables, you don't need to search internet to find a library; you can just use Rmath library.
Build R from its source on Linux (cross compile)
Building R 4.2 for Windows with OpenBLAS
Building R 4.2 for Windows with OpenBLAS
Compile and install an R package
Command line
cd C:\Documents and Settings\brb wget http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/2.11/bioc/src/contrib/affxparser_1.30.2.tar.gz C:\progra~1\r\r-2.15.2\bin\R CMD INSTALL --build affxparser_1.30.2.tar.gz
N.B. the --build is used to create a binary package (i.e. affxparser_1.30.2.zip). In the above example, it will both install the package and create a binary version of the package. If we don't want the binary package, we can ignore the flag.
R console
install.packages("C:/Users/USERNAME/Downloads/DESeq2paper_1.3.tar.gz", repos=NULL, type="source")
See Chapter 6 of R Installation and Administration
Check/Upload to CRAN
http://win-builder.r-project.org/
64 bit toolchain
See January 2010 email https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-devel/2010-January/056301.html and R-Admin manual.
From R 2.11.0 there is 64 bit Windows binary for R.
Install R using binary package on Linux OS
Ubuntu/Debian
- https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu/. For more info about GPG stuff, see GPG Authentication_key.
- r-base-core web page from Debian and the Changelog
- Installing our R development environment on Ubuntu 20.04
- Installation of R 4.2 on Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS and tips for spatial packages
Ubuntu/Debian goodies
Since the R packages XML & RCurl & httr are frequently used by other packages (e.g. tidyverse or miniCRAN), it is useful to run the following so the install.packages("c(RCurl", "XML", "httr")) can work without hiccups.
Note that rocker/r-bspm:20.04 image already contains many *-dev libraries so I can directly use install.packages() to install XML, RCurl, httr, rgl and rgdal packages in the container.
Cairo package also requires some OS libs.
How to fix a problem: if it complains libudunits2.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory, then we need to fix it by sudo apt-get install libudunits2-dev.
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev # XML sudo apt-get install curl libcurl4-openssl-dev # curl sudo apt-get install libssl-dev # httr sudo apt install libcairo2-dev libxt-dev # Cairo, libxt-dev includes libx11-dev sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev # XVector from Bioc # Check if a library is installed or not using "dpkg -L packageName" # That will list all files (with location) that were brought in by the package. dpkg -L libcurl4-openssl-dev # -L means list dpkg -s libcurl4-openssl-dev # -s means status; useful for showing the version, depends, ...
See also
- Simple bash script for a fresh install of R and its dependencies in Linux.
- Linux Packages for R 2022/8
sudo apt install -q \ libcurl4-openssl-dev \ libssl-dev \ libxml2-dev \ libfontconfig1-dev \ libharfbuzz-dev \ libfribidi-dev \ libfreetype6-dev \ libpng-dev \ libtiff5-dev \ libjpeg-dev \ libpq-dev
To find out the exact package names (in the situation the version number changes, not likely with these two cases: xml and curl), consider the following approach
# Search 'curl' but also highlight matches containing both 'lib' and 'dev' > apt-cache search curl | awk '/lib/ && /dev/' libcurl4-gnutls-dev - development files and documentation for libcurl (GnuTLS flavour) libcurl4-nss-dev - development files and documentation for libcurl (NSS flavour) libcurl4-openssl-dev - development files and documentation for libcurl (OpenSSL flavour) libcurl-ocaml-dev - OCaml libcurl bindings (Development package) libcurlpp-dev - c++ wrapper for libcurl (development files) libflickcurl-dev - C library for accessing the Flickr API - development files libghc-curl-dev - GHC libraries for the libcurl Haskell bindings libghc-hxt-curl-dev - LibCurl interface for HXT libghc-hxt-http-dev - Interface to native Haskell HTTP package HTTP libresource-retriever-dev - Robot OS resource_retriever library - development files libstd-rust-dev - Rust standard libraries - development files lua-curl-dev - libcURL development files for the Lua language
If we need to install 'rgl' and related packages such as rayshader, (read here)
sudo apt install xorg sudo apt install libx11-dev sudo apt install libglu1-mesa-dev sudo apt install libfreetype6-dev
For 'rgdal' package, in ubuntu we need
sudo apt install libgdal-dev
RcppAPT for Ubuntu/Debian
- https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RcppAPT/index.html
- We now have well over five thousand CRAN packages as pre-made binaries
I got an output "I'm sorry, Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that." after loading the package. I have installed libapt-pkg-dev but it does not help 😢
Major release case
- R 4.0.0 and the use of devel Bioconductor since Bioc 3.10 works only with R 3.6.X.
BiocManager::install(version = "devel")
- Updating packages in R - impact of checkBuilt = TRUE or FALSE in update.packages()
- checkBuilt=TRUE was used in Debugging tinytex.
- Installation of R 4.0 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and tips for spatial packages (detailed, include Table of Contents)
Uninstall R
sudo apt purge r-base* r-recommended r-cran-* sudo apt autoremove sudo apt update # sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Windows Subsystem for Linux
http://blog.revolutionanalytics.com/2017/12/r-in-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux.html
Redhat el6
It should be pretty easy to install via the EPEL: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL
Just follow the instructions to enable the EPEL OR using the command line
sudo rpm -ivh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm sudo yum update # not sure if this is necessary
and then from the CLI:
sudo yum install R
Arch/Manjaro
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/R. This method works on Garuda Linux too (Garuda Update). I got the latest R which was released a few days ago.
sudo pacman -Sy r
To install R packages, we may need to install tk first. See error: unable to load shared object '/usr/lib/R/library/tcltk/libs/tcltk.so': libtk8.6.so. We can do it by System -> Add/Remove Software menu.
To install RStudio, we need to use the Add/Remove software tool to install yay first. After that follow Step-by-step – RStudio Manjaro Installation Guide to install rstudio; i.e.
yay -S --noconfirm rstudio-desktop-bin
After that, RStudio is available under the "Development" category of the Application Launcher. rstudio binary is under /usr/lib/rstudio directory.
Install R from source (ix86, x86_64 and arm platforms, Linux system)
Debian system (focus on arm architecture with notes from x86 system)
Simplest configuration
Method 1: manually install requirements
On my debian system in Pogoplug (armv5), Raspberry Pi (armv6) OR Beaglebone Black & Udoo(armv7), I can compile R. See R's admin manual. If the OS needs x11, I just need to install 2 required packages.
- install gfortran: apt-get install build-essential gfortran (gfortran is not part of build-essential)
- install readline library: apt-get install libreadline5-dev (pogoplug), apt-get install libreadline6-dev (raspberry pi/BBB/Udoo dual), apt-get install libreadline-dev (Ubuntu/Udoo dual)
Note: if I need X11, I should install
- libX11 and libX11-devel, libXt, libXt-devel (for fedora)
- libx11-dev (for debian) or xorg-dev (for pogoplug/raspberry pi/BBB/Odroid debian/Udoo dual). See here for the difference of x11 and Xorg.
and optional
- texinfo (to fix 'WARNING: you cannot build info or HTML versions of the R manuals')
Method 2: automatically install requirements (recommended) . Note: the apt-get build-dep command requires to enable the source repository (eg deb-src http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ trusty main universe multiverse) in /etc/apt/sources.list.
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys E298A3A825C0D65DFD57CBB651716619E084DAB9 echo "deb-src https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt update sudo apt-get build-dep r-base
The above command will install R dependence like jdk, tcl, tex, X11 libraries, etc. The apt-get build-dep gave a more complete list than apt-get install r-base-dev for some reasons.
[Arm architecture] I also run apt-get install readline-common. I don't know if this is necessary. If x11 is not needed or not available (eg Pogoplug), I can add --with-x=no option in ./configure command. If R will be called from other applications such as Rserve, I can add --enable-R-shlib option in ./configure command. Check out ./configure --help to get a complete list of all options.
After running
wget https://cran.rstudio.com/src/base/R-3/R-3.2.3.tar.gz tar xzvf R-3.2.3.tar.gz cd R-3.2.3 ./configure --enable-R-shlib
(--enable-R-shlib option will create a shared R library libR.so in $RHOME/lib subdirectory. This allows R to be embedded in other applications. See Embedding R.) I got
R is now configured for armv5tel-unknown-linux-gnueabi Source directory: . Installation directory: /usr/local C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2 Fortran 77 compiler: gfortran -g -O2 C++ compiler: g++ -g -O2 Fortran 90/95 compiler: gfortran -g -O2 Obj-C compiler: Interfaces supported: External libraries: readline Additional capabilities: NLS Options enabled: shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling Recommended packages: yes configure: WARNING: you cannot build info or HTML versions of the R manuals configure: WARNING: you cannot build PDF versions of the R manuals configure: WARNING: you cannot build PDF versions of vignettes and help pages configure: WARNING: I could not determine a browser configure: WARNING: I could not determine a PDF viewer
After that, we can run make to create R binary. If the computer has multiple cores, we can run make in parallel by using the -j flag (for example, '-j4' means to run 4 jobs simultaneously). We can also add time command in front of make to report the make time (useful for benchmark).
make # make -j4 # time make
PS 1. On my raspberry pi machine, it shows R is now configured for armv6l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf and on Beaglebone black it shows R is now configured for armv7l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf.
PS 2. On my Beaglebone black, it took 2 hours to run 'make', Raspberry Pi 2 took 1 hour, Odroid XU4 took 23 minutes and it only took 5 minutes to run 'make -j 12' on my Xeon W3690 @ 3.47Ghz (6 cores with hyperthread) based on R 3.1.2. The timing is obtained by using 'time' command as described above.
PS 3. On my x86 system, it shows
R is now configured for x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu Source directory: . Installation directory: /usr/local C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2 Fortran 77 compiler: gfortran -g -O2 C++ compiler: g++ -g -O2 Fortran 90/95 compiler: gfortran -g -O2 Obj-C compiler: Interfaces supported: X11, tcltk External libraries: readline, lzma Additional capabilities: PNG, JPEG, TIFF, NLS, cairo Options enabled: shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling, Java Recommended packages: yes
[arm] However, make gave errors for recommanded packages like KernSmooth, MASS, boot, class, cluster, codetools, foreign, lattice, mgcv, nlme, nnet, rpart, spatial, and survival. The error stems from
gcc: SHLIB_LIBADD: No such file or directory. Note that I can get this error message even I try install.packages("MASS", type="source"). A suggested fix is here; adding perl = TRUE in sub() call for two lines in src/library/tools/R/install.R file. However, I got another error shared object 'MASS.so' not found. See also http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/r/r-base/. To build R without recommended packages like ./configure --without-recommended.
make[1]: Entering directory `/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/src/library/Recommended'
make[2]: Entering directory `/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/src/library/Recommended'
begin installing recommended package MASS
* installing *source* package 'MASS' ...
** libs
make[3]: Entering directory `/tmp/Rtmp4caBfg/R.INSTALL1d1244924c77/MASS/src'
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/local/include -fpic -g -O2 -c MASS.c -o MASS.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -I/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/include -DNDEBUG -I/usr/local/include -fpic -g -O2 -c lqs.c -o lqs.o
gcc -std=gnu99 -shared -L/usr/local/lib -o MASSSHLIB_EXT MASS.o lqs.o SHLIB_LIBADD -L/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/lib -lR
gcc: SHLIB_LIBADD: No such file or directory
make[3]: *** [MASSSHLIB_EXT] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory `/tmp/Rtmp4caBfg/R.INSTALL1d1244924c77/MASS/src'
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'MASS'
* removing '/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/library/MASS'
make[2]: *** [MASS.ts] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/src/library/Recommended'
make[1]: *** [recommended-packages] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/src/library/Recommended'
make: *** [stamp-recommended] Error 2
root@debian:/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2#
root@debian:/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2# bin/R
R version 2.15.2 (2012-10-26) -- "Trick or Treat"
Copyright (C) 2012 The R Foundation for Statistical Computing
ISBN 3-900051-07-0
Platform: armv5tel-unknown-linux-gnueabi (32-bit)
R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.
Type 'license()' or 'licence()' for distribution details.
R is a collaborative project with many contributors.
Type 'contributors()' for more information and
'citation()' on how to cite R or R packages in publications.
Type 'demo()' for some demos, 'help()' for on-line help, or
'help.start()' for an HTML browser interface to help.
Type 'q()' to quit R.
> library(MASS)
Error in library(MASS) : there is no package called 'MASS'
> library()
Packages in library '/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2/library':
base The R Base Package
compiler The R Compiler Package
datasets The R Datasets Package
grDevices The R Graphics Devices and Support for Colours
and Fonts
graphics The R Graphics Package
grid The Grid Graphics Package
methods Formal Methods and Classes
parallel Support for Parallel computation in R
splines Regression Spline Functions and Classes
stats The R Stats Package
stats4 Statistical Functions using S4 Classes
tcltk Tcl/Tk Interface
tools Tools for Package Development
utils The R Utils Package
> Sys.info()["machine"]
machine
"armv5tel"
> gc()
used (Mb) gc trigger (Mb) max used (Mb)
Ncells 170369 4.6 350000 9.4 350000 9.4
Vcells 163228 1.3 905753 7.0 784148 6.0
See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=679180
PS 4. The complete log of building R from source is in here File:Build R log.txt
Full configuration
Interfaces supported: X11, tcltk External libraries: readline, curl Additional capabilities: PNG, JPEG, TIFF, NLS, cairo, ICU Options enabled: shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling, Java
configure: error: libcurl >= 7.XX.0 library and headers are required with support for https
See here. I need to remove anaconda3/bin from the PATH variable (export PATH=....).
Install R without support for long doubles (noLD) on Ubuntu
Install R without support for long doubles (noLD) on Ubuntu
ARM
Options to install R on a Raspberry Pi and other ARM systems 2023
Update: R 3.0.1 on Beaglebone Black (armv7a) + Ubuntu 13.04
See the page here.
Update: R 3.1.3 & R 3.2.0 on Raspberry Pi 2
It took 134m to run 'make -j 4' on RPi 2 using R 3.1.3.
But I got an error when I ran './configure; make -j 4' using R 3.2.0. The errors start from compiling <main/connections.c> file with 'undefined reference to ....'. The gcc version is 4.6.3.
R 4.0.3 on Raspberry pi zero w
- RPi epaper dashboard with R
- VM is only supported on ARMv7+ VFP
- 249m to run make with the following error. The bin/R is generated and it seems OK.
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3/src/library/Recommended' make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3/src/library/Recommended' make[1]: Entering directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3/src/library' building/updating vignettes for package 'grid' ... building/updating vignettes for package 'parallel' ... building/updating vignettes for package 'utils' ... make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3/src/library' make[1]: Entering directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3' configuring Java ... Java interpreter : /usr/bin/java Error occurred during initialization of VM Server VM is only supported on ARMv7+ VFP *** Java interpreter doesn't work properly. make[1]: [Makefile:88: stamp-java] Error 1 (ignored) make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-4.0.3'
Udoo and PCRE2
UDoo dual (released 2013) comes with Ubuntu 14.04 (released 2018). When I install R 4.3.1, the .configure commands complains about missing PCRE2 library. The apt-get install libpcre2-dev command cannot find the library. So we need to install PCRE2 from source. After that, ./configure and make commands work fine.
wget https://github.com/PCRE2Project/pcre2/releases/download/pcre2-10.42/pcre2-10.42.tar.gz tar -zxvf pcre2-10.42.tar.gz cd pcre2-10.42 ./configure make -j 24 sudo make install
Odroid xu4 + Ubuntu 18.04
Ubuntu 18.04.3 (20190910) (MINIMAL, BARE OS)
PS: https://hub.docker.com/_/r-base/ provides arm64 image but not arm32.
sudo apt-get install build-essential gfortran sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev sudo apt install libx11-dev sudo apt install texinfo sudo apt install zlib1g-dev sudo apt install libpcre2-dev # sudo apt install libcurl-dev sudo apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev sudo apt install libbz2-dev sudo apt install liblzma-dev sudo apt install default-jdk sudo apt install wget tar -xzvf Downloads/R-4.0.1.tar.gz cd R-4.0.1/ ./configure --enable-R-shlib # R is now configured for armv7l-unknown-linux-gnueabihf time make -j4 # 34m on host, 20m in Docker
I also tested it on docker debian:buster image.
Raspbian stretch on Pi or ARM based SBC
Edit /etc/apt/sources.list and add the following 2 lines
deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi deb-src http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ stretch main contrib non-free rpi
PS. On Odroid Ubuntu 18.04, apt-cache show r-base shows r-base is in "universe/math" section.
Now it is ready to run sudo apt-get build-dep r-base. Note that this will install lots of packages:
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo apt-get build-dep r-base Reading package lists... Done Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: adwaita-icon-theme autoconf automake autopoint autotools-dev bison ca-certificates-java dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service debhelper default-jdk default-jdk-headless default-jre default-jre-headless dh-autoreconf dh-strip-nondeterminism fontconfig fontconfig-config fonts-cabin fonts-comfortaa fonts-croscore fonts-crosextra-caladea fonts-crosextra-carlito fonts-dejavu-core fonts-dejavu-extra fonts-ebgaramond fonts-ebgaramond-extra fonts-font-awesome fonts-freefont-otf fonts-freefont-ttf fonts-gfs-artemisia fonts-gfs-complutum fonts-gfs-didot fonts-gfs-neohellenic fonts-gfs-olga fonts-gfs-solomos fonts-junicode fonts-lato fonts-linuxlibertine fonts-lmodern fonts-lobster fonts-lobstertwo fonts-noto-hinted fonts-oflb-asana-math fonts-roboto-hinted fonts-sil-gentium fonts-sil-gentium-basic fonts-sil-gentiumplus fonts-sil-gentiumplus-compact fonts-stix gettext gfortran gfortran-6 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-glib-2.0 gir1.2-pango-1.0 glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gsettings-desktop-schemas gtk-update-icon-cache hicolor-icon-theme icu-devtools intltool-debian java-common libarchive-zip-perl libasyncns0 libatk-bridge2.0-0 libatk-wrapper-java libatk-wrapper-java-jni libatk1.0-0 libatk1.0-data libatspi2.0-0 libavahi-client3 libbison-dev libblas-common libblas-dev libblas3 libbz2-dev libcairo-gobject2 libcairo-script-interpreter2 libcairo2 libcairo2-dev libcolord2 libcroco3 libcups2 libcupsimage2 libcurl4-openssl-dev libdatrie1 libdconf1 libepoxy0 libexpat1-dev libfile-stripnondeterminism-perl libflac8 libfontconfig1 libfontconfig1-dev libfontenc1 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 libgdk-pixbuf2.0-common libgfortran-6-dev libgfortran3 libgif7 libgirepository-1.0-1 libgl1-mesa-glx libglapi-mesa libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-dev libgraphite2-3 libgraphite2-dev libgs9 libgs9-common libgtk-3-0 libgtk-3-common libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-common libharfbuzz-dev libharfbuzz-gobject0 libharfbuzz-icu0 libharfbuzz0b libice-dev libice6 libicu-dev libijs-0.35 libjbig-dev libjbig0 libjbig2dec0 libjpeg-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev libjson-glib-1.0-0 libjson-glib-1.0-common libkpathsea6 liblapack-dev liblapack3 liblcms2-2 liblzma-dev libncurses5-dev libnspr4 libnss3 libogg0 libopenjp2-7 libpango-1.0-0 libpango1.0-dev libpangocairo-1.0-0 libpangoft2-1.0-0 libpangoxft-1.0-0 libpaper-utils libpaper1 libpcre16-3 libpcre3-dev libpcre32-3 libpcrecpp0v5 libpixman-1-0 libpixman-1-dev libpoppler64 libpotrace0 libproxy1v5 libptexenc1 libpthread-stubs0-dev libpulse0 libreadline-dev librest-0.7-0 librsvg2-2 librsvg2-common libsm-dev libsm6 libsndfile1 libsoup-gnome2.4-1 libsoup2.4-1 libsynctex1 libtcl8.6 libtexlua52 libtexluajit2 libtext-unidecode-perl libthai-data libthai0 libtiff5 libtiff5-dev libtiffxx5 libtinfo-dev libtk8.6 libtool libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libx11-dev libx11-xcb1 libxau-dev libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-render0 libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb1-dev libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev libxfixes3 libxfont1 libxfont2 libxft-dev libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxml-libxml-perl libxml-namespacesupport-perl libxml-sax-base-perl libxml-sax-perl libxmu6 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender-dev libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxss-dev libxss1 libxt-dev libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 libzzip-0-13 m4 mpack openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-8-jdk-headless openjdk-8-jre openjdk-8-jre-headless po-debconf poppler-data preview-latex-style t1utils tcl8.6 tcl8.6-dev tex-common texinfo texlive-base texlive-binaries texlive-extra-utils texlive-fonts-extra texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base texlive-latex-extra texlive-latex-recommended texlive-pictures tk8.6 tk8.6-dev ttf-adf-accanthis ttf-adf-gillius ttf-adf-universalis x11-common x11-utils x11-xkb-utils x11proto-core-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-scrnsaver-dev x11proto-xext-dev xdg-utils xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils xorg-sgml-doctools xserver-common xtrans-dev xvfb 0 upgraded, 276 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 518 MB of archives. After this operation, 1,578 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n $ ./configure --with-x=no $ time make ... make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pi/R-3.5.1' real 213m9.985s user 206m50.825s sys 3m23.482s
Setting up your own shiny-server / rstudio-server on a Raspberry Pi 3B+
Some bash script used on Designing a Raspberry Pi Based Intelligent Ultrasonic Bat Detector App article
Install all dependencies for building R
This is a comprehensive list. This list is even larger than r-base-dev.
root@debian:/mnt/usb/R-2.15.2# apt-get build-dep r-base Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: libreadline5-dev The following NEW packages will be installed: bison ca-certificates ca-certificates-java debhelper defoma ed file fontconfig gettext gettext-base html2text intltool-debian java-common libaccess-bridge-java libaccess-bridge-java-jni libasound2 libasyncns0 libatk1.0-0 libaudit0 libavahi-client3 libavahi-common-data libavahi-common3 libblas-dev libblas3gf libbz2-dev libcairo2 libcairo2-dev libcroco3 libcups2 libdatrie1 libdbus-1-3 libexpat1-dev libflac8 libfontconfig1-dev libfontenc1 libfreetype6-dev libgif4 libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-common libice-dev libjpeg62-dev libkpathsea5 liblapack-dev liblapack3gf libnewt0.52 libnspr4-0d libnss3-1d libogg0 libopenjpeg2 libpango1.0-0 libpango1.0-common libpango1.0-dev libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libpixman-1-0 libpixman-1-dev libpng12-dev libpoppler5 libpulse0 libreadline-dev libreadline6-dev libsm-dev libsndfile1 libthai-data libthai0 libtiff4-dev libtiffxx0c2 libunistring0 libvorbis0a libvorbisenc2 libxaw7 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-render0 libxcb-render0-dev libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxext-dev libxfixes3 libxfont1 libxft-dev libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxmu6 libxmuu1 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender-dev libxss-dev libxt-dev libxtst6 luatex m4 openjdk-6-jdk openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless openjdk-6-jre-lib openssl pkg-config po-debconf preview-latex-style shared-mime-info tcl8.5-dev tex-common texi2html texinfo texlive-base texlive-binaries texlive-common texlive-doc-base texlive-extra-utils texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-generic-recommended texlive-latex-base texlive-latex-extra texlive-latex-recommended texlive-pictures tk8.5-dev tzdata-java whiptail x11-xkb-utils x11proto-render-dev x11proto-scrnsaver-dev x11proto-xext-dev xauth xdg-utils xfonts-base xfonts-encodings xfonts-utils xkb-data xserver-common xvfb zlib1g-dev 0 upgraded, 136 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 139 MB of archives. After this operation, 410 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
Instruction of installing a development version of R under Ubuntu
https://github.com/wch/r-source/wiki (works on Ubuntu 12.04)
Note that texi2dvi has to be installed first to avoid the following error. It is better to follow the Ubuntu instruction (https://github.com/wch/r-source/wiki/Ubuntu-build-instructions) when we work on Ubuntu OS.
$ (cd doc/manual && make front-matter html-non-svn) creating RESOURCES /bin/bash: number-sections: command not found make: [../../doc/RESOURCES] Error 127 (ignored)
To build R, run the following script. To run the built R, type 'bin/R'.
# Get recommended packages if necessary
tools/rsync-recommended
R_PAPERSIZE=letter \
R_BATCHSAVE="--no-save --no-restore" \
R_BROWSER=xdg-open \
PAGER=/usr/bin/pager \
PERL=/usr/bin/perl \
R_UNZIPCMD=/usr/bin/unzip \
R_ZIPCMD=/usr/bin/zip \
R_PRINTCMD=/usr/bin/lpr \
LIBnn=lib \
AWK=/usr/bin/awk \
CC="ccache gcc" \
CFLAGS="-ggdb -pipe -std=gnu99 -Wall -pedantic" \
CXX="ccache g++" \
CXXFLAGS="-ggdb -pipe -Wall -pedantic" \
FC="ccache gfortran" \
F77="ccache gfortran" \
MAKE="make" \
./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/lib/R-devel \
--enable-R-shlib \
--with-blas \
--with-lapack \
--with-readline
#CC="clang -O3" \
#CXX="clang++ -03" \
# Workaround for explicit SVN check introduced by
# https://github.com/wch/r-source/commit/4f13e5325dfbcb9fc8f55fc6027af9ae9c7750a3
# Need to build FAQ
(cd doc/manual && make front-matter html-non-svn)
rm -f non-tarball
# Get current SVN revsion from git log and save in SVN-REVISION
echo -n 'Revision: ' > SVN-REVISION
git log --format=%B -n 1 \
| grep "^git-svn-id" \
| sed -E 's/^git-svn-id: https:\/\/svn.r-project.org\/R\/.*?@([0-9]+).*$/\1/' \
>> SVN-REVISION
echo -n 'Last Changed Date: ' >> SVN-REVISION
git log -1 --pretty=format:"%ad" --date=iso | cut -d' ' -f1 >> SVN-REVISION
# End workaround
# Set this to the number of cores on your computer
make --jobs=4
If we DO NOT use -depth option in git clone command, we can use git checkout SHA1 (40 characters) to get a certain version of code.
git checkout f1d91a0b34dbaa6ac807f3852742e3d646fbe95e # plot(<dendrogram>): Bug 15215 fixed 5/2/2015 git checkout trunk # switch back to trunk
The svn revision number for a certain git revision can be found in the blue box on the github website (git-svn-id). For example, this revision has an svn revision number 68302 even the current trunk is 68319.
Now suppose we have run 'git check trunk', create a devel'R successfully. If we want to build R for a certain svn or git revision, we run 'git checkout SHA1', 'make distclean', code to generate the SVN-REVISION file (it will update this number) and finally './configure' & 'make'.
time (./configure --with-recommended-packages=no && make --jobs=5)
The timing is 4m36s if I skip recommended packages and 7m37s if I don't skip. This is based on Xeon W3690 @ 3.47GHz.
The full bash script is available on Github Gist.
Install multiple versions of R on Ubuntu
- When installing a binary version of R through apt install, the default R/Rscript location is /usr/bin.
- Install multiple versions of R from precompiled binaries on a Linux server. These precompiled binaries are provided by RStudio.
- The precompiled binaries are available for RHEL/CentOS, Ubuntu/Debian
- It supports multiple versions of R
- For example, the binary executable for R 4.2.3 is located at /opt/R/4.2.3/bin/R
- Installing multiple versions of R on Linux especially on RStudio Server, Mar 13, 2018.
- Some common locations are /usr/lib/R/bin, /usr/local/bin (create softlinks for the binaries here), /usr/bin.
- When build R from source, specify prefix.
$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/R/3.5.0 --enable-R-shlib $ time make -j10 # 4m14s on E5-1650 @ 3.2GHz $ sudo make install # check /opt/R/3.5.0 directory # Run the following 2 lines to make this version of R as default so RStudio IDE can detect R. $ sudo rm /usr/bin/R /usr/bin/Rscript $ sudo ln /opt/R/3.5.0/bin/R /usr/bin/R $ sudo ln /opt/R/3.5.0/bin/Rscript /usr/bin/Rscript $ ls -l /usr/bin/R # Did not show it's a soft link $ diff bin/R /usr/bin/R $ which R $ tree -L 3 /opt/R/3.5.0/ /opt/R/3.5.0/ ├── bin │ ├── R │ └── Rscript ├── lib │ ├── pkgconfig │ │ └── libR.pc │ └── R │ ├── bin │ ├── COPYING │ ├── doc │ ├── etc │ ├── include │ ├── lib │ ├── library │ ├── modules │ ├── share │ └── SVN-REVISION └── share └── man └── man1
- http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Installing-different-versions-of-R-simultaneously-on-Linux-td879536.html
- Instruction_of_installing_a_development_version_of_R_under_Ubuntu. You can launch the devel version of R using 'RD' command.
- Use 'export PATH'
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24019503/installing-multiple-versions-of-r
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8343686/how-to-install-2-different-r-versions-on-debian
To install the devel version of R alongside the current version of R. See this post. For example you need a script that will build r-devel, but install it in a location different from the stable version of R (eg use --prefix=/usr/local/R-X.Y.Z in the config command). Note that the executable is installed in “/usr/local/lib/R-devel/bin”, but that can be changed to others like "/usr/local/bin".
Another fancy way is to use docker.
Minimal installation of R from source
Assume we have installed g++ (or build-essential) and gfortran (Ubuntu has only gcc pre-installed, but not g++),
sudo apt-get install build-essential gfortran
we can go ahead to build a minimal R.
wget http://cran.rstudio.com/src/base/R-3/R-3.1.1.tar.gz tar -xzvf R-3.1.1.tar.gz; cd R-3.1.1 ./configure --with-x=no --with-recommended-packages=no --with-readline=no
See ./configure --help. This still builds the essential packages like base, compiler, datasets, graphics, grDevices, grid, methods, parallel, splines, stats, stats4, tcltk, tools, and utils.
Note that at the end of 'make', it shows an error of 'cannot find any java interpreter. Please make sure java is on your PATH or set JAVA_HOME correspondingly'. Even with the error message, we can use R by typing bin/R.
To check whether we have Java installed, type 'java -version'.
$ java -version java version "1.6.0_32" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea6 1.13.4) (6b32-1.13.4-4ubuntu0.12.04.2) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.25-b01, mixed mode)
Recommended packages
R can be installed without recommended packages. Keep it in mind. Some people have assumed that a `recommended' package can safely be used unconditionally, but this is not so.
https://github.com/wch/r-source/tree/trunk/src/library
$ docker run --net=host -it --rm r-base # 3.6.3 > .libPaths() > x <- library(lib.loc = '/usr/lib/R/library') > class(x) # [1] "libraryIQR" > x$results[, "Package"] [1] "base" "boot" "class" "cluster" "codetools" [6] "compiler" "datasets" "foreign" "graphics" "grDevices" [11] "grid" "KernSmooth" "lattice" "MASS" "Matrix" [16] "methods" "mgcv" "nlme" "nnet" "parallel" [21] "rpart" "spatial" "splines" "stats" "stats4" [26] "survival" "tcltk" "tools" "utils"
Run R commands on bash terminal
http://pacha.hk/2017-10-20_r_on_ubuntu_17_10.html
# Install R
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi libxml2-dev libssl-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev r-base r-base-dev
# install common packages
R --vanilla << EOF
install.packages(c("tidyverse","data.table","dtplyr","devtools","roxygen2"), repos = "https://cran.rstudio.com/")
q()
EOF
# Export to HTML/Excel
R --vanilla << EOF
install.packages(c("htmlTable","openxlsx"), repos = "https://cran.rstudio.com/")
q()
EOF# Blog tools
R --vanilla << EOF
install.packages(c("knitr","rmarkdown"), repos='http://cran.us.r-project.org')
q()
EOF
R CMD
- R CMD build someDirectory - create a package
- R CMD check somePackage_1.2-3.tar.gz - check a package
- R CMD INSTALL somePackage_1.2-3.tar.gz - install a package from its source
bin/R (shell script) and bin/exec/R (binary executable) on Linux OS
bin/R is just a shell script to launch bin/exec/R program. So if we try to run the following program
# test.R
cat("-- reading arguments\n", sep = "");
cmd_args = commandArgs();
for (arg in cmd_args) cat(" ", arg, "\n", sep="");
from command line like
$ R --slave --no-save --no-restore --no-environ --silent --args arg1=abc < test.R # OR using Rscript -- reading arguments /home/brb/R-3.0.1/bin/exec/R --slave --no-save --no-restore --no-environ --silent --args arg1=abc
we can see R actually call bin/exec/R program.
CentOS 6.x
Install build-essential (make, gcc, gdb, ...).
su yum groupinstall "Development Tools" yum install kernel-devel kernel-headers
Install readline and X11 (probably not necessary if we use ./configure --with-x=no)
yum install readline-devel yum install libX11 libX11-devel libXt libXt-devel
Install libpng (already there) and libpng-devel library. This is for web application purpose because png (and possibly svg) is a standard and preferred graphics format. If we want to output different graphics formats, we have to follow the guide in R-admin manual to install extra graphics libraries in Linux.
yum install libpng-devel rpm -qa | grep "libpng" # make sure both libpng and libpng-devel exist.
Install Java. One possibility is to download from Oracle. We want to download jdk-7u45-linux-x64.rpm and jre-7u45-linux-x64.rpm (assume 64-bit OS).
rpm -Uvh jdk-7u45-linux-x64.rpm rpm -Uvh jre-7u45-linux-x64.rpm # Check java -version
Now we are ready to build R by using "./configure" and then "make" commands.
We can make R accessible from any directory by either run "make install" command or creating an R_HOME environment variable and export it to PATH environment variable, such as
export R_HOME="path to R" export PATH=$PATH:$R_HOME/bin
Install R on Mac
http://mac.r-project.org/. The website has nightly build of r-devel binary too. Just untar to use it without any docker or vagrant.
The installer is called "R-4.1.0.pkg" for R 4.1.0. The installation asked me for the password.
Noted that personal R packages will be installed to ~/Library/R directory. More specifically, packages from R 3.3.x will be installed onto ~/Library/R/3.3/library.
For R 3.4.x, the R packages go to /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.4/Resources/library. The advantages of using this folder is 1. the folder is writable by anyone. 2. even the built-in packages can be upgraded by users.
$ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/ total 0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 24 Feb 19 10:11 Headers -> Versions/Current/Headers lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 30 Feb 19 10:11 Libraries -> Versions/Current/Resources/lib lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 31 Feb 19 10:11 PrivateHeaders -> Versions/Current/PrivateHeaders lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 18 Feb 19 10:11 R -> Versions/Current/R lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 26 Feb 19 10:11 Resources -> Versions/Current/Resources drwxrwxr-x 7 root admin 224 Feb 19 10:11 Versions $ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/ total 0 drwxrwxr-x 6 root admin 192 Apr 16 2017 3.3 drwxrwxr-x 4 root admin 128 Jun 7 2018 3.4 drwxrwxr-x 6 root admin 192 Feb 19 10:11 3.5 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 3 Feb 19 10:11 Current -> 3.5 $ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5 total 0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 17 Feb 19 10:11 Headers -> Resources/include drwxrwxr-x 32 root admin 1024 Feb 19 10:11 PrivateHeaders lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 24 Feb 19 10:11 R -> Resources/lib/libR.dylib drwxrwxr-x 18 root admin 576 Feb 19 10:11 Resources $ ls /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/ COPYING Rscript doc include man1 tests Info.plist SVN-REVISION etc lib modules R bin fontconfig library share $ ls /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/bin BATCH REMOVE Rprof build javareconf rtags COMPILE Rcmd Rscript check libtool INSTALL Rd2pdf SHLIB config mkinstalldirs LINK Rdconv Stangle exec pager R Rdiff Sweave f77_f2c qpdf $ ls /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/library/ $ pkgutil --pkgs | grep r-project org.r-project.R.el-capitan.fw.pkg org.r-project.x86_64.tcltk.x11 org.r-project.x86_64.clang6 org.r-project.x86_64.texinfo org.r-project.R.mavericks.fw.pkg org.r-project.R.mavericks.GUI.pkg org.r-project.R.el-capitan.GUI.pkg $ sudo pkgutil --forget org.r-project.R.el-capitan.fw.pkg Password: Forgot package 'org.r-project.R.el-capitan.fw.pkg' on '/'. # Then press the 'Continue' button (see the first screen shot) when I install R 3.6.0 # At the end, R 3.5.x is kept after R 3.6.0 is installed $ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.4 total 0 drwxrwxr-x 4 root admin 128 Jun 7 2018 Resources $ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5 total 0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 17 Feb 19 10:11 Headers -> Resources/include drwxrwxr-x 32 root admin 1024 Feb 19 10:11 PrivateHeaders lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 24 Feb 19 10:11 R -> Resources/lib/libR.dylib drwxrwxr-x 18 root admin 576 Feb 19 10:11 Resources $ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6 total 0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 17 May 3 19:49 Headers -> Resources/include drwxrwxr-x 32 root admin 1024 Apr 26 12:39 PrivateHeaders lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 24 May 3 19:49 R -> Resources/lib/libR.dylib drwxrwxr-x 18 root admin 576 May 3 19:50 Resources # However, running "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.5/Resources/bin/R" # still launches 3.6.0 R?
M1
Fully Native M1/Apple Silicon R Setup
Multiple versions
How do I run multiple versions of R on macOS X 12+ without RStudio Workbench or rswitch?
If we use the new pkg installer to install another version of R, the original version of R will become "incomplete" and be greyed out (see a screenshot) when we click on the RSwitch app (see the next section).
Installing multiple parallel versions of R on Mac and getting back up and running quickly by simplifying package installation. In fact, when we use the pkg installer to install R, the GUI already tells how to keep the current version of R.
So when the R installer reminds me to run "sudo pkgutil --forget org.R-project.R.fw.pkg", go ahead and do it in a Terminal BEFORE I continue the installation process.
sudo pkgutil --forget org.R-project.R.fw.pkg ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/
install-rstats - Install various versions of R on macOS and Windows.
My solution
I currently have multiple version of R but some versions are incomplete.
$ ls /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 Current $ tree -L 2 /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions 13:36:20 /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions ├── 3.5 │ └── Resources ├── 3.6 │ ├── Headers -> Resources/include │ ├── PrivateHeaders │ ├── R -> Resources/lib/libR.dylib │ └── Resources ├── 4.0 │ ├── Headers -> Resources/include │ ├── PrivateHeaders │ ├── R -> Resources/lib/libR.dylib │ └── Resources ├── 4.1 │ └── Resources ├── 4.2 │ ├── Headers -> Resources/include │ ├── PrivateHeaders │ ├── R -> Resources/lib/libR.dylib │ └── Resources └── Current -> 4.2
As you can see below, no matter it is the version specific or the global version of R, it always points to the same location.
Global version
$ which R /usr/local/bin/R $ ls -l /usr/local/bin/R /usr/local/bin/R -> /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/bin/R $ head /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/bin/R #!/bin/sh # Shell wrapper for R executable. R_HOME_DIR=/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources
Version 3.6
$ head /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/bin/R #!/bin/sh # Shell wrapper for R executable. R_HOME_DIR=/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources
So a simple solution is to comment out the line about R_HOME_DIR and replace it with R_HOME_DIR=/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources. Then I can launch R 3.6.X by calling
$ /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/bin/R
RSwitch
Once run the app, it will create a new icon on the menubar.
The source code website said we need to use the “tar.gz” versions of R from the R for macOS Developer's Page since the official CRAN binary installers clean up after themselves quite nicely to prevent potentially wacky behavior.
But so far I am able to switch between R 3.6.0 and 4.0.0 even I have installed the binary versions of R. Note that if I switch to R 4.0.0, then even I run /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.6/Resources/R, it still launches R 4.0.0. Same thing happens in the other way too. The reason is explained in the following terminal output and Changing R versions for RStudio desktop.
mac$ which R /usr/local/bin/R mac$ ls -l /usr/local/bin/R lrwxr-xr-x 1 root admin 47 Apr 25 16:35 /usr/local/bin/R -> /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/bin/R mac$ ls -l /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/ 17:18:00 total 0 drwxrwxr-x 3 root admin 96 Jun 12 2019 3.5 drwxrwxr-x 6 root admin 192 Jun 12 2019 3.6 drwxrwxr-x 6 root admin 192 Apr 25 16:35 4.0 lrwxr-xr-x 1 USERNAME admin 44 Apr 25 17:25 Current -> /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0
Clang
https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/tools/
This package will install clang 6.0.0 for OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) or higher with OpenMP support in /usr/local/clang6
In order to use this compiler you have to add /usr/local/clang6/bin to the PATH environment variable such as export PATH=/usr/local/clang6/bin:$PATH or modify ~/.bash_profile file by adding a new line PATH=/usr/local/clang6/bin:$PATH.
'stdlib.h' file not found
When I use R's inline package by running this example to generate random numbers, I got the following error!
R > library(inline)
R > src <- "\nGetRNGstate();\ndouble u = unif_rand();\nRprintf(\"%f\\n\", u);\nPutRNGstate();\nreturn R_NilValue;\n"
R > fun <- cxxfunction(signature(), body = src)
R > # set.seed(1); invisible(fun())
...
In file included from /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include/R.h:47:
In file included from /usr/local/Cellar/llvm/7.0.0/include/c++/v1/cstdlib:86:
/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/7.0.0/include/c++/v1/stdlib.h:94:15: fatal error: 'stdlib.h' file not found
#include_next <stdlib.h>
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Installing the header files 'macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14' fixes the problem on macOS Mojave 10.14.6; see Cannot find stdio.h.
The reason: The Command Line Tools package installs the macOS system headers inside the macOS SDK. Software that compiles with the installed tools will search for macOS headers at the standard include path: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include. For legacy software that looks for the macOS headers in the base system under /usr/include, please install the package file located at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Packages/macOS_SDK_headers_for_macOS_10.14. pkg
gfortran
macOS does not include gfortran. So we cannot compile package like quantreg which is required by the car package. Another example is robustbase package.
Development Tools and Libraries for R of R on Mac OS X.
For now, I am using gfortran 6.1 downloaded from https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortranBinaries#MacOS on my OS X El Capitan (10.11).
data.table and enable OpenMP
See data.table
Fatal error 'stdlib.h' file not found
/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include/R.h::55:11: fatal error: 'stdlib.h' file not found
The error happens when R is trying to update the partykit package
See Header file location.
stdlib.h not found when installing R package on mac #137.
MacTex
Install BasicTex.pkg.
Then we can install new packages by
sudo /Library/TeX/texbin/tlmgr update --self
sudo /Library/TeX/texbin/tlmgr install titling \
--repository=http://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet
Note tlmgr (TeX Live package manager) program is not only for macOS. To use the GUI tlmgr, the system needs to install perl-tk. However there is no instruction to do that on macOS.
# List installed packages tlmgr list --only-installed # List all available packages tlmgr list
R also has a package to use tlmgr from within R. See tlmgr() function from tinytex package.
Install R on Chrome OS
Linux beta
Installing R and RStudio on a Chromebook. Note: although my chromebook also supports Linux beta, my chromebook is not intel based. So the instruction for installing RStudio will not work in my case. But the installation of R part still works. I just need to use R from a terminal. Also the X11 window for plotting works perfectly. Update (2019/6/6): I could not install "ggplot2". In fact, R itself is screwed up after an attempt to install "ggplot2". At the same time, 'gedit' (see below) is not working anymore.
By the way I am able to install gedit in Linux app.
Crouton
Tested on Lenovo Chromebook s330 (MediaTek™ MTK8173C Processor (1.70GHz) 4-core, 4GB memory, 32GB storage)
- Install crouton. See here.
- Install binary version of R does not work (Xenial + xfce). The following packages have unmet dependencies: r-base : Depends: r-base-core (>=3.5.2-1xenial) but it is not going to be installed... E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
- Install from source
sudo apt-get build-dep r-base wget https://cran.rstudio.com/src/base/R-3/R-3.5.2.tar.gz tar xzvf R-3.5.2.tar.gz cd R-3.5.2 ./configure --enable-R-shlib make -j4 sudo make install
Best OS for R users
This post by Jim Hester
Testing R on Emulated Platforms
Testing R on Emulated Platforms
Upgrade R
Installing multiple R and Bioconductor versions
Installing multiple R and Bioconductor versions 2021-04-30
System libraries
> R.version.string
[1] "R version 3.6.2 (2019-12-12)"
> rownames( installed.packages("/usr/local/lib/R/library") )
[1] "base" "boot" "class" "cluster" "codetools"
[6] "compiler" "datasets" "foreign" "graphics" "grDevices"
[11] "grid" "KernSmooth" "lattice" "MASS" "Matrix"
[16] "methods" "mgcv" "nlme" "nnet" "parallel"
[21] "rpart" "spatial" "splines" "stats" "stats4"
[26] "survival" "tcltk" "tools" "utils"