Statistics

Boxcox transformation

Finding transformation for normal distribution

Visualize the random effects

http://www.quantumforest.com/2012/11/more-sense-of-random-effects/

Sensitivity/Specificity/Accuracy

| Predict | Predict |
1 | TP | FN | Sens=TP/(TP+FN)
0 | FP | TN | Spec=TN/(FP+TN)
| | | N = TP + FP + FN + TN

• Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN)
• Specificity = TN / (TN + FP)
• Accuracy = (TP + TN) / N

Elements of Statistical Learning

Bagging

Chapter 8 of the book.

• Bootstrap mean is approximately a posterior average.
• Bootstrap aggregation or bagging average: Average the prediction over a collection of bootstrap samples, thereby reducing its variance. The bagging estimate is defined by

[math]\displaystyle{ \hat{f}_{bag}(x) = \frac{1}{B}\sum_{b=1}^B \hat{f}^{*b}(x). }[/math]

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