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** Turn air recirculation off. Winter air is cold, and as it does not hold much moisture, it is dry. Bringing it into your car ups absorption capacity to more quickly dry the saturated air trapped within.  
** Turn air recirculation off. Winter air is cold, and as it does not hold much moisture, it is dry. Bringing it into your car ups absorption capacity to more quickly dry the saturated air trapped within.  
** Crack your windows (open your window). This helps exchange the humid air in your car with dryer outside air, speeding up the process.
** Crack your windows (open your window). This helps exchange the humid air in your car with dryer outside air, speeding up the process.
* 熱水除冰會造成擋風玻璃炸開


= 買車 =
= 買車 =
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* [https://lifehacker.com/how-to-check-a-used-cars-quality-without-paying-a-mecha-1848533292 How to Check a Used Car's Quality Without Paying a Mechanic]
* [https://lifehacker.com/how-to-check-a-used-cars-quality-without-paying-a-mecha-1848533292 How to Check a Used Car's Quality Without Paying a Mechanic]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/best-selling-suvs-of-2024/ These Were The 10 Best-Selling SUVs Of 2024]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/best-selling-suvs-of-2024/ These Were The 10 Best-Selling SUVs Of 2024]
= Engine block heaters 發動機缸體加熱器 =
* They are standard electrical outlets (AC plugs) mounted on posts in parking lots or driveways. In places like Fairbanks or Anchorage, you will often see a short electrical cord hanging out of the front grille of a car. When a driver parks, they connect that cord to these posts using an extension cord.
* These work on regular cars. You do not need a special "Arctic Edition" vehicle to use them.
** It is an add-on part, not a different engine
** Every standard engine has "freeze plugs" (round metal caps) or specific ports in the engine block. Mechanics pop one of these out and screw the heating element into that hole.
* They power heating elements installed inside the vehicle's engine bay. The most common devices are:
** Engine Block Heater: This is a heating element installed directly into the engine block (bathed in the coolant). It keeps the engine coolant warm, which conducts heat to the rest of the engine block.
** Oil Pan Heater: This is a heating pad attached to the bottom of the oil pan. In -40°F weather, motor oil can become as thick as cold honey or tar. This heater keeps the oil fluid so it can circulate immediately when you start the car.
** Battery Blanket/Warmer: This wraps around the car battery to keep it warm. (This addresses the "battery" part of your question)


= Battery =
= Battery =
[https://www.wikihow.com/Check-Lead-Acid-Battery-Health How to Check Lead Acid Battery Health]. Under normal circumstances, a 12-volt lead acid automobile battery should give a reading between 12.4 and 12.7 volts.
[https://www.wikihow.com/Check-Lead-Acid-Battery-Health How to Check Lead Acid Battery Health]. Under normal circumstances, a 12-volt lead acid automobile battery should give a reading between 12.4 and 12.7 volts.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Battery Voltage and Engine Starting Capability
! Voltage Reading
! Charge %
! Expected Result
|-
| '''12.6V +'''
| 100%
| '''Starts Instantly.''' Strong, fast crank.
|-
| '''12.2V - 12.4V'''
| 75%
| '''Starts.''' Might sound slightly slower in cold weather.
|-
| '''11.9V - 12.0V'''
| 40%
| '''The "Danger Zone."''' Engine turns over very slowly (''rurr... rurr...''). It might start, but it might struggle.
|-
| '''11.5V - 11.8V'''
| 20%
| '''"The Click of Death."''' You will likely hear a rapid clicking sound (''click-click-click''). The lights work, but the starter motor doesn't have enough power to turn the engine.
|-
| '''Below 10.5V'''
| 0%
| '''Dead Silence.''' Dashboard lights might be dim or flickering. The starter won't make a sound.
|}


== Battery charge/jump start ==
== Battery charge/jump start ==
* The ''' "Clicking" Zone (10V – 11.8V)'''
** Scenario: Lights come on, but the car just makes a "click-click-click" sound.
** Jump Result: Easy. The car will start almost instantly.
** After Start: The alternator will easily recharge the battery while you drive.
* The '''"Dead Silence" Zone (6V – 10V)'''
** Scenario: No lights on the dash, no sounds.
** Jump Result: Works, but takes time. You usually need to leave the cables connected for 3–5 minutes with the donor car running before you try to start your car. This puts some "surface charge" into your dead battery first.
** After Start: The car will likely run, but you shouldn't turn it off for at least 30–60 minutes.
* The negative battery cable must be removed first and installed last when the battery is disconnected.  
* The negative battery cable must be removed first and installed last when the battery is disconnected.  
* Connect the Jumper Cables
* Connect the Jumper Cables
Line 44: Line 91:
*# Charged car + Remove the black clamp from the negative terminal
*# Charged car + Remove the black clamp from the negative terminal
*# Charged car + Remove the red clamp from the positive terminal
*# Charged car + Remove the red clamp from the positive terminal
== Battery charger ==
* https://yonhan.com/collections/all
* [https://manuals.plus/asin/B0D91K7GH6 YONHAN 10/20Amp 12/24V LiFePO4 Car Battery Charger] manual or [https://autoboosting.com/yonhan-10a-12v-24v-smart-battery-charger-review/ here].
* 10mm (1cm) Wrench or Socket.
* It is safe to touch positive and/or negative terminal with your bare hands. '''Be careful not to let positive & negative touch each other.''' The entire metal body of your car (the frame, engine block, fender) is a giant Negative Wire.
* It should be enough to disconnect the negative terminal (but not the other way, especially your wrench slips and hits the metal car frame) and leave the battery in the car when we charge it.
* After charging is full (it took 6 hours for me to charge from 2.5v to 12.9v)
** Unplug the charger from the wall outlet
** Disconnect the negative clamp first. If the clamp slips and hits the car frame, nothing happens.
** Remove the Positive (Red) Clamp last.
* Resting Voltage: A fully charged battery sits at '''12.6V – 12.8V''' (when the charger is OFF).
* 3 stages:
** '''Stage 1 (Bulk)''': The charger pours in current fast. The voltage rises quickly.
** '''Stage 2 (Absorption)''': When the charger is working, the charger must push at '''13.6V – 14.8V'''.
** '''Stage 3 (Float)''': The screen will show "Full" and the voltage will likely drop down to roughly 13.2V – 13.6V to keep it safe.
* The final 10–20% of the charge is the most important for battery longevity. Wait until the charging bars stop moving or the "Full" light comes on.
* '''Amp Hours (Ah)''' = "The Gas Tank Size".
** Usually 40 Ah to 70 Ah (for most sedans and SUVs). This determines how long you charge it.
** If your car has a standard 60 Ah battery and it was totally dead (0%), and you are using a 10A charger: 60 Ah / 10 Amps = 6 Hours.
* '''Cold Cranking Amps (CCA)''' = "The Muscle".
** Usually 500-700 A. This determines if the car actually starts.
** This number tells you how much power the battery can dump in one massive burst to start the engine on a freezing winter morning.
** What it means: A battery with 600 CCA can push 600 amps for 30 seconds at 0°F without dropping too low in voltage.
** If you finish charging and the battery reads "Full" (12.6V), but the car still struggles to start (sounds like rurr... rurr...), it means the CCA has dropped.
== Trickle charger ==
* A trickle charger is a type of battery charger that delivers a low, constant charge to a battery, typically at a rate of one to three amps. It is designed to slowly and safely recharge a battery without overloading it, making it suitable for maintaining a battery's charge over long periods. Trickle chargers are often used for vehicle batteries and can be left connected long-term without the risk of overcharging.
* [https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-trickle-charger-534853 What Is a Trickle Charger?]
* [https://engineerfix.com/can-i-leave-a-trickle-charger-on-all-the-time/ Can I Leave a Trickle Charger on All the Time?]
* [https://blinksandbuttons.net/what-happens-if-you-leave-a-trickle-charger-on-too-long/ What Happens if You Leave a Trickle Charger on Too Long: Understanding the Risks and Consequences]


== NOCO Boost ==
== NOCO Boost ==
Line 56: Line 134:
** Try a few time to start the car. Eventually it works.
** Try a few time to start the car. Eventually it works.
* Both two of the portable jump starters did not help.
* Both two of the portable jump starters did not help.
== Sulfated battery ==
[https://www.powerelectrichub.com/what-is-a-sulfated-battery/  What Is a Sulfated Battery? (Learn Easy Steps On How To Prevent It)]


= Alternator =
= Alternator =
Line 69: Line 150:
= 紅綠燈/不加油就熄火或抖動 =
= 紅綠燈/不加油就熄火或抖動 =
怠速控制閥門 (Idle speed control air valve)
怠速控制閥門 (Idle speed control air valve)
= Car jack =
* [https://youtu.be/df3nmx_LyGY?t=41 How to Jack Up a Car]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OyzbGDn6xg How To Safely Lift and Support Your Vehicle -EricTheCarGuy]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mr_krMxeh70 how to IDENTIFY jack points on your car]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAUad28d8mk Where and How to Jack Up Your Hyundai Santa Fe (Lift Points)]
* how to use a hydraulic jack
** [https://youtu.be/axAq7OfwSGc?si=RlfEsrjluB4mZYl-&t=98 How to Properly Use a Hydraulic Car Jack]


=  車輪有聲音 =
=  車輪有聲音 =
Line 208: Line 297:
* [https://www.reviewgeek.com/135026/why-you-cant-just-buy-an-electric-car/ Why You Can’t Just Buy an Electric Car]
* [https://www.reviewgeek.com/135026/why-you-cant-just-buy-an-electric-car/ Why You Can’t Just Buy an Electric Car]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/794923/can-any-electric-car-use-any-ev-charger/ Can Any Electric Car Use Any EV Charger?]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/794923/can-any-electric-car-use-any-ev-charger/ Can Any Electric Car Use Any EV Charger?]
* [https://www.howtogeek.com/enjoy-faster-and-smarter-ev-charging-at-home-with-the-msi-ev-life-charger/ Enjoy faster and smarter EV charging at home with the MSI EV Life charger]


= Car key change battery =
= Car key change battery =

Latest revision as of 08:53, 2 February 2026

General resource

Prevent window ice in the morning

  • Cover your windows at night with a towel, a folded sheet, or a piece of cardboard. Try to arrange the cover tight against the window so that dew can't form in any loose spots.
  • How to Prevent Frost on Windshield
  • 5 Clever Car Tricks for Winter
  • The Fastest Way to Defrost Your Car Windows
    • Turn your heater on.
    • Press the A/C button.
    • Turn air recirculation off. Winter air is cold, and as it does not hold much moisture, it is dry. Bringing it into your car ups absorption capacity to more quickly dry the saturated air trapped within.
    • Crack your windows (open your window). This helps exchange the humid air in your car with dryer outside air, speeding up the process.
  • 熱水除冰會造成擋風玻璃炸開

買車

Engine block heaters 發動機缸體加熱器

  • They are standard electrical outlets (AC plugs) mounted on posts in parking lots or driveways. In places like Fairbanks or Anchorage, you will often see a short electrical cord hanging out of the front grille of a car. When a driver parks, they connect that cord to these posts using an extension cord.
  • These work on regular cars. You do not need a special "Arctic Edition" vehicle to use them.
    • It is an add-on part, not a different engine
    • Every standard engine has "freeze plugs" (round metal caps) or specific ports in the engine block. Mechanics pop one of these out and screw the heating element into that hole.
  • They power heating elements installed inside the vehicle's engine bay. The most common devices are:
    • Engine Block Heater: This is a heating element installed directly into the engine block (bathed in the coolant). It keeps the engine coolant warm, which conducts heat to the rest of the engine block.
    • Oil Pan Heater: This is a heating pad attached to the bottom of the oil pan. In -40°F weather, motor oil can become as thick as cold honey or tar. This heater keeps the oil fluid so it can circulate immediately when you start the car.
    • Battery Blanket/Warmer: This wraps around the car battery to keep it warm. (This addresses the "battery" part of your question)

Battery

How to Check Lead Acid Battery Health. Under normal circumstances, a 12-volt lead acid automobile battery should give a reading between 12.4 and 12.7 volts.

Battery Voltage and Engine Starting Capability
Voltage Reading Charge % Expected Result
12.6V + 100% Starts Instantly. Strong, fast crank.
12.2V - 12.4V 75% Starts. Might sound slightly slower in cold weather.
11.9V - 12.0V 40% The "Danger Zone." Engine turns over very slowly (rurr... rurr...). It might start, but it might struggle.
11.5V - 11.8V 20% "The Click of Death." You will likely hear a rapid clicking sound (click-click-click). The lights work, but the starter motor doesn't have enough power to turn the engine.
Below 10.5V 0% Dead Silence. Dashboard lights might be dim or flickering. The starter won't make a sound.

Battery charge/jump start

  • The "Clicking" Zone (10V – 11.8V)
    • Scenario: Lights come on, but the car just makes a "click-click-click" sound.
    • Jump Result: Easy. The car will start almost instantly.
    • After Start: The alternator will easily recharge the battery while you drive.
  • The "Dead Silence" Zone (6V – 10V)
    • Scenario: No lights on the dash, no sounds.
    • Jump Result: Works, but takes time. You usually need to leave the cables connected for 3–5 minutes with the donor car running before you try to start your car. This puts some "surface charge" into your dead battery first.
    • After Start: The car will likely run, but you shouldn't turn it off for at least 30–60 minutes.
  • The negative battery cable must be removed first and installed last when the battery is disconnected.
  • Connect the Jumper Cables
    1. Dead car + positive (red)
    2. Charged/donor car + positive
    3. Charged car + negative
    4. Dead car + unpainted metal component of the car’s structure, such as an engine bracket or bolt (Do not attach the black clamp to the negative terminal ). For example we can use the trunk latch for sonata hybrid.
  • Jump-Start the Car
    1. start the vehicle with the charged battery
    2. Go to the car with the dead battery and turn the key until the engine fully starts.
  • Remove the Jumper Cables
    1. Leave both cars running.
    2. Dead car + remove the black clamp
    3. Dead car + Remove the red clamp
    4. Charged car + Remove the black clamp from the negative terminal
    5. Charged car + Remove the red clamp from the positive terminal

Battery charger

  • https://yonhan.com/collections/all
  • YONHAN 10/20Amp 12/24V LiFePO4 Car Battery Charger manual or here.
  • 10mm (1cm) Wrench or Socket.
  • It is safe to touch positive and/or negative terminal with your bare hands. Be careful not to let positive & negative touch each other. The entire metal body of your car (the frame, engine block, fender) is a giant Negative Wire.
  • It should be enough to disconnect the negative terminal (but not the other way, especially your wrench slips and hits the metal car frame) and leave the battery in the car when we charge it.
  • After charging is full (it took 6 hours for me to charge from 2.5v to 12.9v)
    • Unplug the charger from the wall outlet
    • Disconnect the negative clamp first. If the clamp slips and hits the car frame, nothing happens.
    • Remove the Positive (Red) Clamp last.
  • Resting Voltage: A fully charged battery sits at 12.6V – 12.8V (when the charger is OFF).
  • 3 stages:
    • Stage 1 (Bulk): The charger pours in current fast. The voltage rises quickly.
    • Stage 2 (Absorption): When the charger is working, the charger must push at 13.6V – 14.8V.
    • Stage 3 (Float): The screen will show "Full" and the voltage will likely drop down to roughly 13.2V – 13.6V to keep it safe.
  • The final 10–20% of the charge is the most important for battery longevity. Wait until the charging bars stop moving or the "Full" light comes on.
  • Amp Hours (Ah) = "The Gas Tank Size".
    • Usually 40 Ah to 70 Ah (for most sedans and SUVs). This determines how long you charge it.
    • If your car has a standard 60 Ah battery and it was totally dead (0%), and you are using a 10A charger: 60 Ah / 10 Amps = 6 Hours.
  • Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) = "The Muscle".
    • Usually 500-700 A. This determines if the car actually starts.
    • This number tells you how much power the battery can dump in one massive burst to start the engine on a freezing winter morning.
    • What it means: A battery with 600 CCA can push 600 amps for 30 seconds at 0°F without dropping too low in voltage.
    • If you finish charging and the battery reads "Full" (12.6V), but the car still struggles to start (sounds like rurr... rurr...), it means the CCA has dropped.

Trickle charger

NOCO Boost

NOCO Boost Plus GB40 1000 Amp 12-Volt UltraSafe Lithium Jump Starter Box

Mazda case

  • When battery is low, its trunk cannot be opened
  • When battery is too low (3.5V left),
    • the brake pedal is half way only
    • Make sure the key fob's 3V battery (CR2025) is still good.
    • Keyless system malfunction. Follow the suggestion Mazda CX-5 Keyless system malfunction to reset the system by clicking the Lock and Unlock on the key fob at the same time for 30-60 seconds (PS I need to jump the car at the same time; or the key fob did not work). After I hear a beep sound, I release two buttons.
    • Try a few time to start the car. Eventually it works.
  • Both two of the portable jump starters did not help.

Sulfated battery

What Is a Sulfated Battery? (Learn Easy Steps On How To Prevent It)

Alternator

How Does Your Car's Alternator Work?

汽車打不著火

  • Google: 汽車 啟動馬達 繼電器
  • 如果沒有聽到啟動馬達轉動 -> battery沒電 or 啟動馬達繼電器故障
  • 啟動馬達 繼電器 (relay, solenoid) http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/10/2/28/n2830482.htm
  • 如果啟動馬達轉動正常 -> 油泵 Pump
  • 如果經常容易沒有電 -> check 發動機 Alternator 輸出電壓

紅綠燈/不加油就熄火或抖動

怠速控制閥門 (Idle speed control air valve)

Car jack

車輪有聲音

煞車片貼車盤 或是車輪軸承 (bearing)

卡鉗 Caliper

車子前方有噪音

車子後方有噪音

  • 後輪軸承Wheel bearing
  • Rear brake caliper
  • Nail on tires

Tire

Tire pressure monitoring sensor/TPMS

車窗怎麼開有學問

車窗怎麼開有學問

超短距離出庫技巧

【汽車經驗分享】超短距離出庫技巧，原來這麼簡單，新手也沒問題

如何判斷車頭距離

【汽車經驗分享】如何判斷車頭距離

路邊停車

【汽車經驗分享】路邊停車原理分析

天冷發動引擎要不要「暖車」

無需特別原地熱車

Gear

When should you change gear when driving? A normal cruising rev range will be between 1800-2500rpm. The ideal is to keep your vehicle in a gear where you are doing around 2000rpm, unless you are coming to a stop. On long downhill sections, change down one or two gears. You don’t want to change down too many.

Safe Mountain Driving: Brush Up On These Safety Tips. Shift to a lower gear before you start heading downhill, as this will help slow down the car without you having to ride the brakes, says the National Park Service. If your vehicle has an automatic transmission, use “L” or “2.”

WHAT GEAR FOR WHICH SPEED

Hill Start Assist(HSA) Or Hill Hold Control(HSC) or Auto Hold

Locked shifter

Locked Shifter: What To Do When Your Gear Lever Can’t Shift From Park Position

Oil

Oil change

  • Transmission oil: 5 years or 60k miles
  • Brake oil: 3 years
  • Belt: 90k to 100k miles

Oil leak

  • The Easiest Way to Figure Out Which Part of Your Car Is Leaking
    • Engine oil generally appears dark brown or black, feels slick, and burns the nose.
    • Transmission fluid is usually red or green and slippery.
    • Coolant can be pink, green, or yellow, feels slimy, and smells sweet.
    • Power steering fluid is clear to light brown, and has a burnt-marshmallow smell.
    • Brake fluid is clear to light brown, and feels oily but not slick.

Car Repairs

11 Money Wasting Car Repairs

Check These Before a Long Road Trip

Always Check These Five Car Parts Before a Long Road Trip

Horsepower and Torque

The Difference Between Horsepower and Torque Explained

Mechanical

speedkar99 mechanical reviews (youtube)

Car brakes

Sonata

Fluid

Fluid Maintenace in 2015-2018 Hyundai Sonata.

  • Engine oil, Engine coolant, Automatic transmission fluid, Brake fluid, Washer
  • No power steeling fluid.

Spark plugs and PCV value

Hyundai Sonata Spark Plug and PCV Valve Change, PCV

Check Brake Warning Light

  • Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Problems Check Brake Warning Light
  • Hyundai 2011 "PRESS BRAKE PEDAL TO START ENGINE" problem. Check the comment by Twanna Clark. Beware, don't keep pushing start or it will drain your battery. Dealer said it was a bad brake switch...replaced it for free. Here's a hint to start your car without pressing the break, 1) push in start, 2) let go, 3) push in again and hold for 30 seconds. You can do that any time to start the car without having to press the break. Dealer taught me that trick. starter or brake switch ($10 part), transmission inhibitor switch problem.

Battery

Shocks and struts

Car engine block heater

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_heater

Engine overheating

What to Do If Your Car Is Overheating, According to Mechanics

Car insurance

Defensive Driver discount. Simply visit geico.com/ddc. If an online course is completed, GEICO will be automatically notified, and we will add the discount to your policy. If the course is completed in a classroom, just log into your policy and update the information, and then we will apply the discount.

Engine light is on

Why Your 'Check Engine' Light Is On

Tools

Windshield wiper

EV car

Car key change battery

How To Change A Hyundai Remote Fob Smart Key Battery, How to Replace the Battery in Your Mazda Key Fob CR2025

Car vacuum

10 Best Car Vacuums to Keep Your Car Looking Brand New

Mouse/mice

Emission test

MVA Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program

Violation

  • School bus monitoring violation & citation notice $250
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