Mac

macOS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS

OS X File System

• https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/FileSystemOverview/FileSystemOverview.html
• Mac OS X Directory Structure explained
• Directory structure between mac osx and linux

Home directory

/Users/USERNAME

Terminal

Where is the terminal

Macintosh HD/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.

Keyboard shortcuts

• Ctrl + a - going to the beginning of the line
• Ctrl + e - going to the end of the line

More

• The Best “Just For Fun” Tricks Hidden in macOS’ Terminal:
  • Make Your Mac Say Anything Out Loud,
  • Play Simple Games Like Tetris, Pong, and Snake,
  • caffeinate will prevent your Mac from falling asleep.

Hardware

Display resolution

2880x1800 on my 15-Inch Retina Display MacBook Pro.

Unfortunately Virtualbox (5.1.14) can only give 1440x900 (tested on Ubuntu & Windows). See a workout http://tusharm.com/articles/win7-on-retina-display-with-virtual-box/.

Touchpad

Need to press a little bit (instead of touch) for the left-click effect.

The right click is called secondary click in OS X. By default it is click with two fingers. We can change the setting by going to System Preferences/Touchpad/Secondary click.

Scroll: two fingers move up/down. The direction is like moving a paper; i.e. scrolling up will gradually show the next part of the content.

Zoom in/out: pinch with two fingers.

Smart zoom: double-tap with two fingers.

CPU information

sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string

My macbook Pro 2015 shows i7-4980HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz.

Finder - file manager

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finder_(software)

Screenshots

Take a Timed Screenshot With the Grab (built-in) Application

http://www.howtogeek.com/278615/the-best-screenshot-apps-for-macos/

Application

How to Install Applications

http://www.howtogeek.com/177619/how-to-install-applications-on-a-mac-everything-you-need-to-know/

Launch an application

• F4 key - LaunchPad
• Command + Space - Spotlight search

Close an application

Clicking the red button does close/quit an application/a program. You need to use Command-Q.

Another answer: The red close button just closes the window. It is up to the application whether it quits or not - typically if the application uses documents or it has other windows that can be opened it will not quit. Applications with a single window (System Preferences, for example), will usually quit when the window is closed, since there isn't anything else it does.

Package

app file

Example: App Store.app.

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/112197/what-does-a-app-file-actually-do

apps are "Package Bundles" is Apple jargon. These are actually Unix directories, in a special format. The actual Unix Executable File is in a subdirectory named MacOS, which you can see using the "Show Package Contents" menu in Finder.

dmg file

Example: Google chrome.

A DMG file is a disk image, which is sort of like an archive file. When you download one, you can double-click it to “mount” it (under Devices in the Finder), allowing you to extract the application from inside it.

After the app is dragged to your Applications folder, you can run it normally — from the Finder, Launchpad, Spotlight, dock, or anything else.

pkg file

Example: R-cran

• Extract PKG files on Mac and Windows
• How to Open .pkg Files to View What Will Install on Mac with Suspicious Package

PKG files are Mac OS X installation (setup) packages that contain installer scripts ('Scripts' file) and compressed installation files ('Payload' file) that are used to install Mac software applications onto a user's hard drive.

On the case of R-x.y.z.pkg, it contains R framework, R.app GUI, Tcl/Tk X11 and TexInfo.

MacPorts, Fink and Homebrew

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/32724/what-are-pros-and-cons-for-macports-fink-and-homebrew

MacPorts

Homebrew

Fink

Tips

• Got a New Mac? Do This First!
• Upgrading to macOS Sierra (nee OSX) for R users