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From now on, every time you boot the computer, it will show "OS verification is OFF". Again, press Ctrl + D to continue.
From now on, every time you boot the computer, it will show "OS verification is OFF". Again, press Ctrl + D to continue.
It is interesting when I wipe the computer and reset ChromeOS to the Developer Mode, it will remembers the settings I have last time (shelf/docker/launcher/taskbar on the left hand side).


== Crosh shell and Bash shell ==
== Crosh shell and Bash shell ==

Revision as of 11:41, 9 March 2019

Chrome Extension

3rd party repository (stable/beta/unstable) for Ubuntu

# Add Key: 
wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

# Set repository:
echo 'deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

# Install package:
sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

Headless Chrome

Launch

Launch an extension by keyboard shortcut

See this post. It works. Now I can use Ctrl+e to launch the Evernote clip extension.

Just head to chrome://extensions/ in your browser's address bar to open up the extensions page. Scroll down to the bottom and you'll see a Keyboard Shortcuts option. Click it, and you can set up custom shortcuts for some of you extensions.

List of all purchased

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/user/purchases

Apps vs Extensions

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5341206/difference-between-chrome-apps-and-extensions

Chrome apps are basically just glorified bookmarks.

Most popular extensions and posts

2014

http://lifehacker.com/most-popular-chrome-extensions-and-posts-of-2014-1674273297

Useful

Chrome’s Auto-Generated Passwords

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/improve-web-security-using-chromes-auto-generated-passwords/

15 Chrome Extensions by Google You Didn’t Know You Needed

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/chrome-extensions-by-google/

Google mail checker, Google similar pages, Earth view from google earth, Google art project, Mindful break.

Enable and Disable Chrome Extensions in Incognito Mode

Go to chrome://extensions. Click "Details" in an extension and check the option "Allow in incognito".

Break Timer

Another choice is Stretchly (open source, cross-platform).

Stopwatch/Timer

https://stopwatchtimers.com/timer/?t=00:10:00

Chrome 66: auto mute

Disable Autoplay Videos

Tested on this site from cnet.com

  • Chrome 69.0: auto play video with sound
  • Chrome incognito: auto play video without sound
  • Firefox 52.9 & 62.0: auto play video with sound
  • Firefox private window 52.9: Won't auto play video
  • FIrefox Focus (iOS): Won't auto play video

Share videos

Loom

Minimizing Tabs

Right click the tab and select "Pin Tab" option. This will anchor the tabs on the left of your toolbar. The "X" disappears after pinning them.

block ad trackers

Ghostery.png

How To Turn Off Your Adblocker for a Website

https://www.foodnetwork.com/site/how-to-turn-off-adblock

Dark theme

  • dark reader Chrome/Firefox, source on github.
  • Care your eyes. After it is installed, every website will have a black theme. Since I only want to enable the black them on specific websites, I click on the icon and change it to 'Whitelist mode'. For a website I like to have a dark them, I click the icon again and check 'Enable at this site'.

Custom zoom level

https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/manage-custom-zoom-chrome/

chrome://settings/content/zoomLevels

System monitor

User-Agent Switcher

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/user-agent-switcher-for-c/djflhoibgkdhkhhcedjiklpkjnoahfmg

Silent Site Sound Blocker

Automatically mutes tabs that aren't your focus tab.

WikiWand (popular)

Magic Actions for youtube (extreme popular)

PageZipper, Page One and Re-Pagination (Firefox)

Painlessly merge a series of web pages into one

Behind the Overlay

Close any overlay on any website with a single click !

Online notepad

Imagus

Enlarge thumbnails, and show images/videos from links with a mouse hover.

Search Google Drive Directly from Chrome’s Address Bar

https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/32459/how-to-search-google-docs-from-the-chrome-location-bar/

How to Use Google Docs Offline

https://www.howtogeek.com/404811/how-to-use-google-docs-offline/

Launch without address bar or bookmark bar (not kiosk)

$ google-chrome --app=https://www.cbsnews.com/live/

Note: window frame is still there.

Another option is luakit. But it causes buffering and the caption 'cc' button is disabled in this case.

Flash video downloader

https://lifehacker.com/chrome-firefox-extension-of-the-week-flash-video-downl-1825010162

Control audio devices

How to Play Chrome Audio Through Separate Devices

Privacy badger

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/privacy-badger/pkehgijcmpdhfbdbbnkijodmdjhbjlgp

Hardware Acceleration In Chromium

How To Enable Hardware Acceleration In Chromium On Ubuntu Or Linux Mint (VA-API Patched PPA Builds)

Change DNS setting

https://www.howtogeek.com/204672/how-to-change-the-dns-server-on-a-chromebook/

There is no way to change the DNS setting for a particular browser in an OS (eg Windows/Linux/macOS).

How to View SSL Certificate Details in Chrome 56

Open Developer Tools -> Select the 'Security' Tab ->Select View Certificate.

ColorZilla

  • Eyedropper
  • Color picker
  • Gradient generator

Common color names

Change the default apps

https://www.howtogeek.com/310576/how-to-change-the-default-apps-on-your-chromebook/

Night shift

https://chromeunboxed.com/chromebook-how-to-enabling-night-mode/

  1. chrome://flags
  2. search “night light”
  3. enable

Now you should see the Night Light icon in the system tray in the bottom right corner of your screen between the help and lock icons. Click on the icon to enable it.

Customize it.

  1. chrome://settings
  2. search "night"
  3. change

Reading mode

Change color for better reading

Night reading mode

The good thing about it is we can choose the default to be ON or OFF. Some other extensions like 'Care your eyes' does not have this option.

The 'auto' mode changes depending on the time of a day (by default the night mode is enabled when it is 7pm-7am). There is no way to choose the night mode by websites.

Change Colors

Similar to above but we can select to apply based on a webpage or a domain. Seems to be more useful!

Deluminate

Similar to above.

Scroll to top or bottom

Scroll To Top Button by PoziWorld

How to Stop Websites From Asking For Your Location

https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/16404/how-to-disable-the-new-geolocation-feature-in-google-chrome/

Dashboard

Momentum

http://momentumdash.com/

Access other cloud drives

http://www.howtogeek.com/264221/how-to-access-dropbox-and-other-cloud-storage-directly-from-chrome-os-file-manager/

Chrome Remote Desktop

Note that the standard Windows 8 version (non-Pro) cannot act as a Remote Desktop host. So a 3rd party solution like Chrome Remote Desktop or TeamViewer becomes more necessary.

Switch account

You Need These 5 Custom Chrome Browser Profiles

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/custom-chrome-browser-profiles/

Profile Swapper

http://www.ghacks.net/2014/12/07/profile-swapper-makes-working-with-multiple-same-site-accounts-a-breeze/

Read for us

SpeakIt!

Earth View from Google Maps

http://earthview.withgoogle.com/

Explore the World’s Natural Wonders With Google Earth’s Geography Quiz

Google Earth on a browser

https://earth.google.com/web/

Split screen

  1. On one of the windows you want to see, click and hold Maximize Maximize window
  2. Drag to the left or right
  3. Repeat for a second window

You can also use the shortcut Alt + [ to move left, or Alt + ] to move right.

Take a screenshot

  • Fireshot Use mouse to select an area to take a screenshot. It can be saved to a different format (png, pdf with links, ...) and print/copy to clipboard.
    • It only saves the 1st page when I tested it on a statistics page created by awstats.
    • The best I can use is Print > 'Save as PDF' . The web page is split into left and right frames. By default it only saves one page/screen. If I use mouse to click on the right frame and click 'select all' (CMD + a), I can save the full page on the right frame as a PDF file. Similarly if I choose the left frame and select all, I can save the full page on the left frame as a PDF file.
    • See also Browsers have a problem to print web pages which contain multiple frames
  • http://www.howtogeek.com/223580/how-to-take-a-screenshot-on-your-chromebook/
    • Ctrl + F5 for the whole desktop
    • Ctrl + Shift + F5 for a selected area

Edit photos

Shell

Use Ctrl+Alt+t to open the crosh (Chrome OS developer shell). Thene type 'shell' to enter the regular shell. The Downloads folder is located under /home/chronos/user/Downloads/, 

crosh> shell
chronos@localhost / $
chronos@localhost / $ pwd
/
chronos@localhost / $ ls
bin  debugd  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  postinst  proc  root  run  sbin  sys  tmp  usr  var
chronos@localhost / $ ls /home
chronos  root  user
chronos@localhost / $ cd /home/chronos/user/Downloads/
chronos@localhost / $ cd
chronos@localhost ~ $ pwd
/home/chronos/user

Chrome OS

Chromebook recovery utility

https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/chromebook-recovery-utili/jndclpdbaamdhonoechobihbbiimdgai I have tested it on a Windows computer. Note: Linux is not supported.

To boot from a usb drive, hold ESC+F3 (refresh) and then press down the Power button together.

To erase the usb drive, use the same utility (settings icon) to do it.

Function keys

  • F3: refresh
  • F8: mute
  • F9: decrease volume
  • F10: increase volume

Check available space

  • Open Downloads (Ctrl + j) tab and go over to the upper right corner of the window and click on the menu button (three dots in a row) and pick 'Open downloads folder'
  • On the new window click again the menu button. It will show how much space is left.

Network share files (SAMBA)

Surprise Me wallpaper

https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!msg/chromebook-central/Imhld5eSqAA/sgcFjnOhBgAJ

Text editor

Caret

Install Firefox

https://www.howtogeek.com/357693/how-to-install-firefox-in-chrome-os/

How to Instantly Improve Your Chromebook’s Bluetooth Performance

https://www.howtogeek.com/fyi/how-to-instantly-improve-your-chromebooks-bluetooth-performance/#comments

Gallium OS: Dual boot Chrome OS and Ubuntu

Username: chrx, Password: chrx

Installation

It seems the Kodi EZ script can be run in any shell environment (not just the shell opened via Ctrl+Alt+F2 in Developer mode). See Asus Chromebox With Windows 10. If I run the script from a standalone GalliumOS terminal, the first 5 options (Dual Boot) will be greyed out; only options 6 & 7 (Standalone) are available.

After installing GalliumOS as a standalone (including running an upgrade), the available disk space becomes 11G (= 15G - 3.1G). The partition table is clean rather than very complicated when the machine is dual boot.

Disable Firmware Write Protect & Set Boot Options

http://kodi.wiki/view/chromebox#Disable_Firmware_Write_Protect

This step is required to change the default boot target and the time out. See the Set Boot Options in Kodi E-Z Setup Script.

Crouton in Chrome OS

Like virtualization, chroots provide the guest OS with their own, segregated file system to run in, allowing applications to run in a different binary environment from the host OS. Unlike virtualization, you are not booting a second OS; instead, the guest OS is running using the Chromium OS system. The benefit to this is that there is zero speed penalty since everything is run natively, and you aren't wasting RAM to boot two OSes at the same time. The downside is that you must be running the correct chroot for your hardware, the software must be compatible with Chromium OS's kernel, and machine resources are inextricably tied between the host Chromium OS and the guest OS. What this means is that while the chroot cannot directly access files outside of its view, it can access all of your hardware devices, including the entire contents of memory.

To launch ubuntu next time, Ctrl + Alt+t to open a new tab, type 'shell' to enter a shell. Then type sudo startgnome. To exit ubuntu, pick 'log out' from the upper-right corner.

Developer mode

To enter a recovery mode, press ESC + F3(refresh) + Power. It will reboot.

Press Ctrl + D (the shortcut is not listed on the screen) at the recovery screen. You’ll see a screen saying “To turn OS Verification OFF, press ENTER.” Press Enter to enable developer mode.

From now on, every time you boot the computer, it will show "OS verification is OFF". Again, press Ctrl + D to continue.

It is interesting when I wipe the computer and reset ChromeOS to the Developer Mode, it will remembers the settings I have last time (shelf/docker/launcher/taskbar on the left hand side).

Crosh shell and Bash shell

After we hit Ctrl+Alt+t, we will enter a crosh shell. Type shell to enter a bash shell. 

Welcome to crosh, the Chrome OS developer shell.

If you got here by mistake, don't panic!  Just close this tab and carry on.

Type 'help' for a list of commands.

crosh> shell
chronos@localhost / $ ls
bin     dev  home  lib64       media  opt       proc  run   sys  usr
debugd  etc  lib   lost+found  mnt    postinst  root  sbin  tmp  var
chronos@localhost / $ pwd
/
chronos@localhost / $ ls /home
chronos  root  user
chronos@localhost / $

Quick start

After we downloaded crouton, use ctrl+alt+t to open a new tab, type shell and Enter. 

sh ~/Downloads/crouton
sh ~/Downloads/crouton -t help   # show available targets
sh ~/Downloads/crouton -r list   # show available linux distributions
sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -n trusty -u -t xorg 
    # trusty is the name of the chroot, xorg is a target; multiple targets separated by common is OK
    # The "-u" option is to update crouton, "-t xorg" is optional.
sudo startunity

For reference purpose, 

chronos@localhost / $ sh ~/Downloads/crouton 
crouton [options] -t targets
crouton [options] -f backup_tarball
crouton [options] -d -f bootstrap_tarball

Constructs a chroot for running a more standard userspace alongside Chromium OS.

If run with -f, where the tarball is a backup previously made using edit-chroot,
the chroot is restored and relevant scripts installed.

If run with -d, a bootstrap tarball is created to speed up chroot creation in
the future. You can use bootstrap tarballs generated this way by passing them
to -f the next time you create a chroot with the same architecture and release.

crouton must be run as root unless -d is specified AND fakeroot is
installed AND /tmp is mounted exec and dev.

It is highly recommended to run this from a crosh shell (Ctrl+Alt+T), not VT2.

Options:
    -a ARCH     The architecture to prepare a new chroot or bootstrap for.
                Default: autodetected for the current chroot or system.
    -b          Restore crouton scripts in PREFIX/bin, as required by the
                chroots currently installed in PREFIX/chroots.
    -d          Downloads the bootstrap tarball but does not prepare the chroot.
    -e          Encrypt the chroot with ecryptfs using a passphrase.
                If specified twice, prompt to change the encryption passphrase.
    -f TARBALL  The bootstrap or backup tarball to use, or to download to (-d).
                When using an existing tarball, -a and -r are ignored.
    -k KEYFILE  File or directory to store the (encrypted) encryption keys in.
                If unspecified, the keys will be stored in the chroot if doing a
                first encryption, or auto-detected on existing chroots.
    -m MIRROR   Mirror to use for bootstrapping and package installation.
                Default depends on the release chosen.
                Can only be specified during chroot creation and forced updates
                (-u -u). After installation, the mirror can be modified using
                the distribution's recommended way.
    -M MIRROR2  A secondary mirror, often used for security updates.
                Can only be specified alongside -m.
    -n NAME     Name of the chroot. Default is the release name.
                Cannot contain any slash (/).
    -p PREFIX   The root directory in which to install the bin and chroot
                subdirectories and data.
                Default: /usr/local, with /usr/local/chroots linked to
                /mnt/stateful_partition/crouton/chroots.
    -P PROXY    Set an HTTP proxy for the chroot; effectively sets http_proxy.
                Specify an empty string to remove a proxy when updating.
    -r RELEASE  Name of the distribution release. Default: precise,
                or auto-detected if upgrading a chroot and -n is specified.
                Specify 'help' or 'list' to print out recognized releases.
    -t TARGETS  Comma-separated list of environment targets to install.
                Specify 'help' or 'list' to print out potential targets.
    -T TARGETFILE  Path to a custom target definition file that gets applied to
                the chroot as if it were a target in the crouton bundle.
    -u          If the chroot exists, runs the preparation step again.
                You can use this to install new targets or update old ones.
                Passing this parameter twice will force an update even if the
                specified release does not match the one already installed.
    -V          Prints the version of the installer to stdout.

Be aware that dev mode is inherently insecure, even if you have a strong
password in your chroot! Anyone can simply switch VTs and gain root access
unless you've permanently assigned a Chromium OS root password. Encrypted
chroots require you to set a Chromium OS root password, but are still only as
secure as the passphrases you assign to them.

How to Manage the Crouton Linux System

https://www.howtogeek.com/210047/how-to-manage-the-crouton-linux-system-on-your-chromebook/

  • Target (Unity, KDE, GNOME, LXDE, Enlightenment):
sh ~/Downloads/crouton -t help
  • Linux distribution and release
sh ~/Downloads/crouton -r list
  • Update a Crouton Chroot
sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -u -n trusty
  • Encrypt the chroot
sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -u -e -n trusty
  • Create Multiple Chroots
sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -r trusty -t lxde,xiwi -n testchroot
  • Back Up a Chroot
sudo edit-chroot -b trusty
  • Delete a Chroot
sudo delete-chroot trusty

How to Run a Full Linux Desktop in a Browser Tab on Your Chromebook

https://www.howtogeek.com/208368/how-to-run-a-full-linux-desktop-in-a-browser-tab-on-your-chromebook/ (2015)

It is necessary to install the Crouton integration extension for Chrome.

xiwi (X11 in a Window) page. 

# sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -r trusty -t xfce,xiwi
sudo sh ~/Downloads/crouton -t xfce,xiwi
sudo startxfce4

How to Run Linux Apps on a Chromebook Without Opening a Full Linux Window

https://www.howtogeek.com/343222/how-to-run-linux-apps-on-a-chromebook-without-opening-a-full-linux-window/ (2018)

https://www.linuxuprising.com/2018/12/crouton-how-to-run-linux-applications.html

Asus chromebox M075U

Chinese character in gnome shell

It is related to locale. By default, it is 

(trusty)brb@localhost:~$ locale
LANG=
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="POSIX"
LC_NUMERIC="POSIX"
LC_TIME="POSIX"
LC_COLLATE="POSIX"
LC_MONETARY="POSIX"
LC_MESSAGES="POSIX"
LC_PAPER="POSIX"
LC_NAME="POSIX"
LC_ADDRESS="POSIX"
LC_TELEPHONE="POSIX"
LC_MEASUREMENT="POSIX"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="POSIX"
LC_ALL=

Disk space

Test on my HP Chromebox CB1-014 Desktop (Intel Celeron 2955U Processor 1.4 GHz, 2GB DDR3, 16GB storage)

  • The disk space returned from 'df -h' in Chrome OS (First).
  • The disk space returned from 'df -h' in Ubuntu (Second)
  • The system status returned from 'htop' in Ubuntu (Third)

Chrome shell.png Crouton ubuntu.png Crouton ubuntu2.png

Sharing files/directories

https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/wiki/Sharing-files-and-folders

The ChromeOS's Downloads folder is accessible in Ubuntu's ~/Downloads/ directory.

ifconfig

Located in /sbin directory. 

$ whereis ifconfig
ifconfig: /sbin/ifconfig /usr/share/man/man8/ifconfig.8.gz

# CROUTON (missing /usr/local/sbin, /usr/sbin, /sbin)
$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games

# Regular Ubuntu
$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games

Running servers in crouton

https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/wiki/Running-servers-in-crouton

Check battery health

https://www.howtogeek.com/309971/how-to-check-your-chromebooks-battery-health/

Crotini

Manage Google Account

Use Google drive offline

Chrome Experiments

Twitter

Google Takeout

Retrieved from "https://wiki.taichimd.us/index.php?title=Chrome&oldid=19661"