macOS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS

OS X File System

Home directory

/Users/USERNAME

Terminal

Where is the terminal

Macintosh HD/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.

Keyboard shortcuts

Ctrl + a - going to the beginning of the line
Ctrl + e - going to the end of the line

More

The Best “Just For Fun” Tricks Hidden in macOS’ Terminal:
- Make Your Mac Say Anything Out Loud,
- Play Simple Games Like Tetris, Pong, and Snake,
- caffeinate will prevent your Mac from falling asleep.

Keyboard shortcuts (especially browser)

Command + up = go to the top of the document
Command + down = go to the end of the document
Command + f = search

Hardware

Display resolution

2880x1800 on my 15-Inch Retina Display MacBook Pro.

Unfortunately Virtualbox (5.1.14) can only give 1440x900 (tested on Ubuntu & Windows). See a workout http://tusharm.com/articles/win7-on-retina-display-with-virtual-box/.

Touchpad

Need to press a little bit (instead of touch) for the left-click effect.

The right click is called secondary click in OS X. By default it is click with two fingers. We can change the setting by going to System Preferences/Touchpad/Secondary click.

Scroll: two fingers move up/down. The direction is like moving a paper; i.e. scrolling up will gradually show the next part of the content.

Zoom in/out: pinch with two fingers.

Smart zoom: double-tap with two fingers.

Drag and drop: use your thumb to click on the lower part of the track and the index finger to move

CPU information

sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string

My macbook Pro 2015 shows i7-4980HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz.

Finder - file manager

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finder_(software)

Keyboard

Use Command+Down instead of Enter key to open a binary file.

Use Command+Down will immediately uncompress a tar.gz file.

'Enter' key is not used to launch a program or open a file. It is used to rename a file. We can use Command + Down key to open a file.

Screenshots

Take a Timed Screenshot With the Grab (built-in) Application

http://www.howtogeek.com/278615/the-best-screenshot-apps-for-macos/

Application

How to Install Applications

http://www.howtogeek.com/177619/how-to-install-applications-on-a-mac-everything-you-need-to-know/

Install pkg file from command line

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15658/how-can-i-open-a-pkg-file-manually

sudo installer -pkg ~/Downloads/packagename.pkg -target ~/Applications/
# OR
installer -pkg ~/Downloads/packagename.pkg -target ~/Applications/

Launch an application

F4 key - LaunchPad
Command + Space - Spotlight search

Close an application

Clicking the red button does close/quit an application/a program. You need to use Command-Q.

Another answer: The red close button just closes the window. It is up to the application whether it quits or not - typically if the application uses documents or it has other windows that can be opened it will not quit. Applications with a single window (System Preferences, for example), will usually quit when the window is closed, since there isn't anything else it does.

Package

app file

Example: App Store.app.

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/112197/what-does-a-app-file-actually-do

apps are "Package Bundles" is Apple jargon. These are actually Unix directories, in a special format. The actual Unix Executable File is in a subdirectory named MacOS, which you can see using the "Show Package Contents" menu in Finder.

dmg file

Example: Google chrome.

A DMG file is a disk image, which is sort of like an archive file. When you download one, you can double-click it to “mount” it (under Devices in the Finder), allowing you to extract the application from inside it.

After the app is dragged to your Applications folder, you can run it normally — from the Finder, Launchpad, Spotlight, dock, or anything else.

pkg file

Example: R-cran

PKG files are Mac OS X installation (setup) packages that contain installer scripts ('Scripts' file) and compressed installation files ('Payload' file) that are used to install Mac software applications onto a user's hard drive.

On the case of R-x.y.z.pkg, it contains R framework, R.app GUI, Tcl/Tk X11 and TexInfo.

MacPorts, Fink and Homebrew

http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/32724/what-are-pros-and-cons-for-macports-fink-and-homebrew

MacPorts

Homebrew

Fink

Developer

ldd on Mac

otool -L  <exec>

openssl

Method 1: brew

https://solitum.net/openssl-os-x-el-capitan-and-brew/

brew doctor
brew update
brew upgrade
brew install openssl
cd /usr/local/include
ln -s ../opt/openssl/include/openssl .

Method 2: compile yourself

Tips

Got a New Mac? Do This First!

http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/new-mac-setup/

Upgrading to macOS Sierra (nee OSX) for R users

http://www.win-vector.com/blog/2017/01/upgrading-to-macos-sierra-nee-osx-for-r-users/

Access the Root Directory

http://osxdaily.com/2013/01/17/access-root-directory-mac-os-x/

Mac