Health
長壽村的通關密語
- 主食要多於肉
- 菜要多於肉
How to eat mindfully
https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-eat-mindfully
- Take note of the textures, shapes and colours
- notice any smells and sounds.
- When you take a bite, notice the temperature, the texture and all the different tastes.
- Be aware of how the food feels on your fork or in your hand
- how it feels in your mouth.
- Notice your mouth chewing away, and your breathing as you go.
Inflammation
How To Fight Inflammation? Ginger And Other Foods That Can Cure Inflammation!
易發炎食物 Foods that worsen inflammation
- Gluten. Gluten is hard to digest; it can cause intestinal and digestive problems. Gluten is often used as a binder or thickener in foods. Read labels on: bread, cakes, candy, cereal, cookies, croutons, deli meats, flour, pasta, pastries, salad dressings, sauces, soups, soy sauce.
- Dairy
- Corn. About 90% of corn in the US is GMOs; they can suppress the the immune system and promote inflammation.
- Soy. About 93% of soy grown in the US is GMed. Soy is high in goitrogens, compounds that can suppress thyroid function. Soy also contains anti-nutrients such as phytates and oxalates, which interfere with digestion and disrupt the endocrine system.
- Peanut. 黃麴毒素
- Caffeine. Caffeine propels the stomach to release its contents prematurely, injecting undigested food into the small intestine.
- Alcohol
- Citrus foods
- Feedlot animal products
- Sugar
- Artificial or processed foods
- Eggs. Eggs are a top allergen in N America and can be difficult to digest.
- Nightshade vegetables (tomatoes, eggplant, peppers). Nightshade foods may also leach calcium from bones and redistribute it to place where it shouldn't be.
See also
- Arthritis Food Myths
- 少精緻醣類 助消脂 避慢性發炎
- 遠離疾病-3招讓你更健康 - 盡量少吃促發炎的食物, 喝白開水,維持體內足夠的水分, 維持腸道健康. 膳食致炎指數
抗發炎食物 Anti-inflammation
- Allium (蒜,蔥) vegetables
- Apple cider vinegar
- Basil
- Berry (eg 蔓越莓 cranberry, 覆盆子/山莓 raspberry)
- Bone broth
- Coconut oil and extra virgin olive oil
- Dark leafy greens
- Dill
- Fennel 茴香
- Fish, Fish oil (omega-3, EPA, DHA)
- Ginger
- Gluten-free grains: quinoa, brown rice. Quinoa is a complete plant-based source of protein. It's also a rich source of magnesium, a relaxant mineral that reduces inflammation and contains vitamin E.
- Natural sweeteners like raw honey, maple syrup.
- Nuts and seeds.
- Pineapple
- Root vegetables. Carrots, sweet potatoes, parsnips, turnips, celery root, beets.
- Sustainable organic meat. Lamb, chicken and turkey. They are high in protein, which is essential for healing and repairing inflammation. They are also rich in B vitamins, particularly B12 - a key nutrient for the nervous system.
- Turmeric
- Winter squashes
Vegan Plan
- Consume plenty of fruits and vegetables. Eliminate nightshades from the diet as well as corn.
- Eat enough plant-based protein such as quinoa, hemp seeds and chia seeds.
- Boost omega-3 intake
- Avoid soy products
- Avoid processed vegan meat or dairy substitutes
- Select gluten-free grains
Mediterranean Plan
- Consume plenty of fruits and vegetables
- Limit gluten-free grains
- Eat healthy sources of fat
- Skip the red wine
Paleo Plan
- Consume few animal products, particularly red meat
- Buy organic, pasture-raised animal products
- Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
- Be mindful of egg consumption
- Include gluten-free pseudograins
Immune System
抗氧化飲食 Antioxidant
Heart rate (HR)
- American heart association
- Android apps such as 'Unique heart rate monitor'.
- 年紀變大 心跳會變慢.
Interval between successive home blood pressure readings
- 1 minute apart
- 1 minute vs 10 sec
- 2 minutes
- OMRON 785 device has a TruRead mode which will take 3 readings for 30 seconds, 60 seconds or 90 seconds intervals.
Heart
中風
- F(Face顏面下垂),觀察微笑露齒的臉部兩邊肌肉是否對稱,有無歪斜;
- A(Arm手臂下垂),雙臂平舉與身體呈90度,看有無垂落狀況;
- S(Speech),即說話有無口齒不清;
- 發現有符合上述單項或多項情況,要趕緊T(Telephone )
心痛 Heartburn
心律失常 Arrhythmia
心房 Atrium, 心室 Ventricle, 大動脈 Aorta, 腔靜脈 vena cava
- 心房 Atrium (in): one of the two spaces at the top part of the heart that receive blood from the veins and push it down into the ventricles (= lower spaces)
- 心室 Ventricle (out): either of two small, hollow spaces, one in each side of the heart, that force blood into the tubes leading from the heart to the other parts of the body
- 大動脈,主動脈 Aorta (out): the main artery (thick tube carrying blood from the heart) that takes blood to the other parts of the body
- 腔靜脈 vena cava (in): one of the two very large veins through which blood returns to the heart, one from the upper body and head and one from all of the body below the chest
http://clipart-library.com/clipart/Lid5ARB7T.htm
Statins, 橫紋肌溶解症
飲食
- 飲食「三多三少」 心臟更健康
- http://www.worldjournal.com/5282426/article-為什麼年過40歲的男人應該多吃堅果?豆類、堅果和全穀對健康有益
- DASH can substantially lower systolic blood pressure a study funded by NHLBI. See the news release.
- https://health.usnews.com/best-diet/dash-diet
Tomato
- 改善攝護腺肥大
- 保護心血管
- 預防骨質酥鬆
Add olive oil, eat as soon as possible, heated (增加茄紅素吸收, vitamin C will be destroyed if heated) or unheated is fine.
Cooking tomatoes increase the level of phytochemicals they contain, but it also reduces the amount of vitamin C. When tomatoes were heated to 88 degrees Celsius for two minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes, vitamin C content decreased by 10, 15 and 29 per cent respectively when compared to raw, uncooked tomatoes. However the beneficial trans-lycopene content of the cooked tomatoes increased by 54, 171 and 164 percent respectively.
Fish Oil
- Omega-3 Fish Oil Supplements for Heart Disease. Omega-3 fatty acids may help to:
- Lower blood pressure
- Reduce triglycerides
- Slow the development of plaque in the arteries
- Not particularly useful for reducing cholesterol
Fish oil does not reduce the cholesterol.
心臟心肌梗塞/腦部休克
- 泡完後別馬上開車 當水溫較高,造成交感神經興奮,心跳加速、末梢血管擴張,心輸出量激增,血大量流入末梢及下半身,心臟或腦部相對性暫時缺血,心臟為了代償做工致使心跳加快,心肌耗氧增加,短時間缺血、缺氧導致,可能引發心臟心肌梗塞或腦部休克等。應該在泡溫泉前先做暖身運動舒展四肢,讓心臟先充分的準備,才不致因泡熱水一下子心跳加速過快而產生危險。
冠狀動脈疾病 coronary artery disease
Left coronary artery is an artery that arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve and feeds blood to the left side of the heart.
心房顫動 Atrial fibrillation/Af
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/心房顫動
- 高血壓和瓣膜性心臟病是造成心房顫動的兩個最常見危險因子
Vitamin deficiency
代謝症候群, 三高
- 高血壓 hypertension or HTN
- 高血脂(膽固醇, 三酸甘油酯) hyperlipidemia
- 高血糖 hyperglycemia
泡麵
血糖 glycemia, 糖尿病 diabetes
- GI = glycemic index
- 吃水果有禁忌!飯前or飯後?
- 5大地雷食物 糖尿病友少吃
- How to Eat Foods Low on the Glycemic Index
- 糖尿病
- 高血糖竟是國人第一危險死亡因子 (6/7/2017)
- 高血糖症狀:
- 三多一少(吃多、喝多、尿多、體重減輕)
- 糖化血红蛋白(A1c)/糖化血色素(HbA1c)反映过去三个月血糖控制的平均值。6.5% 正常值. 一般人糖化血色素的正常值約為4-6%,糖尿病人宜控制在7%以下。全民糖尿病觀測站
- 空腹血糖 >= 126mg/dL.
- 飯後血糖 >= 200mg/dL.
- 糖尿病 急性&慢性 併發症. 高血糖會破壞所有全身血管之內皮細胞,進而破壞了器官之功能,因此會引起很多併發症.
- 高GI 食品造成胰島素分泌增加 加重胰臟負擔
- 糖尿病相當全身血管和神經等於泡在糖水裡. 壞在頭部就是中風 壞在心臟就是心肌梗塞 壞在眼睛就是眼中風。
- 手麻腳麻可能就是糖尿病而不是脊椎骨刺。
- 截肢手術最多就是糖尿病引起的。
- 胃繞道手術是一個標準的治療。要越早做越好。
- 秋葵水可降血糖。水溶性纖維質。
- 糖尿病 is a chronic disease.
- 洗腎.
- 量血糖劃時代變革:免指尖採血新裝置
血糖正常值
- See CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel). It includes glucose, sodium, potassium, calcium, ...
- 美國正常值 65-99 mg/dL. See Know your blood glucose target range
- 中國读数6.1 mmol/L 以下算正常
- 美國的血糖單位是mg/dl,而中國的是mmlo/L。mg/dl÷18=mmol/L; mmol/L×18=mg/dl。
糖尿病飲食
- http://www.worldjournal.com/5278112/article-讓糖友餐點-變全家健康飲食/
- 建議 蔬菜 50%, 蛋白質 >25%, 全穀 <25%.
- 糖尿病患者的飲食計畫
Daily Intake of Sugar
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), the maximum amount of added sugars you should eat in a day are:
- Men: 150 calories per day (38 grams or 9 teaspoons or 3 tablespoons).
- Women: 100 calories per day (25 grams or 6 teaspoons or 2 tablespoons).
See also
甜蜜陷阱
- 烘焙麵包 甜點 濃湯、義大利肉醬麵 食品中額外添加的砂糖、果糖和蔗糖
- 飯、麵、饅頭等澱粉主食則屬於大分子的碳水化合物,被歸類為「醣」,包含澱粉、纖維及糖。這類食物經人體消化吸收後,也會轉變成葡萄糖。
全麥麵包
年菜 佛跳牆
除了少吃薑母鴨、羊肉爐、滷豬腳、佛跳牆等高油、高熱量食物之外,牛軋糖、花生酥、核桃糕等春節常見零食也少碰
血脂 blood lipids
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%84%82
Suggestion: 洋蔥蕃茄炒蛋 + 芹菜 + 燕麥片/糙米 + 黑木耳/菇類 + 蘋果 橘子 lemon + Seaweed + Ginger + Onion + green onion + pepper, salmon, bean, Olive oil, Tofu, 綠豆薏仁湯. 幫助代謝膽汁(前驅是膽固醇).
- 狂吃薏仁 想降三高卻變胖, 多吃薏仁好處多
- 芹菜粥降血脂
- 薏仁 (Job's tears/coixseed): baidu and wikipedia
- https://youtu.be/llozknxLYw8 How To Use Chia Seeds in Smoothies
- 低脂飲食與血脂肪分級
脂肪酸 Fatty acids
- Saturated fatty acids
- Unsaturated fatty acids
- Monounsaturated fat
- Polyunsaturated fat
- Omega-3
- Omega-6
- Trans fats
膽固醇
- 美國全國膽固醇教育計畫現行的準則,把高於160 mg/dL的低密度膽固醇列為「偏高」,130 mg/dL到159 mg/dL被視為「邊緣性偏高」。
- 左旋精氨酸 (L-arginine) Good though it has side effects too
- 10 best choleserol lowering foods Soys, Beans, Salmon, Avocado, Garlic, Spinach, Margarine, Tea, Nuts, Dark Chocolate.
- Top foods to improve your numbers from mayoclinic. Oatmeal, Fish, Nuts, Avocados, Olive oil, Foods with added plant sterols or stanols (Some margarines, orange juice and yogurt drinks), Whey protein.
- Cooking for Lower Cholesterol Cooking from heart.org.
- How to Enjoy Mexican Food on a Cholesterol‐Lowering Diet and Make a white pizza
- 靠飲食降壞膽固醇 效果很有限
- 運動促進代謝 修復內皮細胞 讓低密度膽固醇變少。
- 三酸甘油脂也大多由肝臟製造,跟低密度膽固醇不同的是,飲食牽動體內三酸甘油脂的多寡。經常吃精緻甜食、肉皮、海鮮、大量澱粉類和高鹽、油炸類的食物,都容易使三酸甘油脂增加,加速把高密度膽固醇代謝出體外。
- 三酸甘油脂數值除以5,加上高、低密度膽固醇,大致等於總膽固醇數值。
- 長期的有氧運動確定是可以提升好膽固醇的(沒有副作用)。
- 膽固醇過高不吃肉 天然優蛋白不胖還能預防肌少症 麵筋、素肉、素雞等這類精緻化的豆製品,因為油炸過,脂肪含量高,可利用的蛋白質變低,腎臟為了過濾這些雜質還過度做工。蛋白質的攝取選擇次序,第一選擇是植物性蛋白質,第二才是動物性。
- 健康2.0
- 燕麥過量也會造成身體負擔 (挖知識). 一天只要75克 (~.5 cup dry rolled/old fashioned oatmeal, 1 serving size, 150 calories. Mix one part oats to two parts liquid).
- 脹氣
- 貧血 缺鈣 (植酸 草酸影響吸收)
- 腎臟病 (蛋白質 鉀 磷)
- 糖尿病 (澱粉)
- 飽和脂肪才是使血膽固醇升高更重要的推手
- 升膽固醇指數(Cholesterol Saturated fat Index)將食物中飽和脂肪及膽固醇的含量經過加權計算
- 海鮮類食物的膽固醇含量頗高,脂肪含量很低,尤其是飽和脂肪更低,因此它的昇膽固醇指數並不高
- 豬油,看起來膽固醇含量和海鮮類差不多,但是卻會使你的血管不知不覺的塗上一層厚厚的膽固醇.昇膽固醇指數和海鮮類相差近六倍之多.
- 少吃富含飽和脂肪的食物,如:豬油、牛油或者是雞皮、鴨皮等動物性油脂,,還有一些經過氫化製造的飽和性植物油,如:人造奶油 (Margarine)。
- 食物您應多攝取青菜、未精緻加工的豆製品及莢豆類及適量的全穀類(如:糙米、胚芽米、全麥、五穀雜糧);烹調用油多選橄欖油、葵花油,少用豬油、奶油、椰子油等飽和性脂肪酸的油;主餐的烹調用油約1-2茶匙。多採用清蒸、水煮、滷、燉、烘、烤、涼拌與香辛料(薑、蒜、五香、九層塔、芥末…等等),增加食物的可口性與變化性! 應避免肥肉、雞皮、鴨皮、油炸、油酥食品的攝取。酒要少喝。另外內臟類、魚卵、蟹黃、豬腦等膽固醇含量都過高,不宜攝食。至於蛋黃1週最多吃2個。
- 你認識膽固醇嗎?
- 2015~2020 年最新美國飲食指南指出:「取消膽固醇攝取上限」。原因在於飲食僅佔膽固醇生合成中 2~3 成的影響因素。
- 許多報告發現飲食中的飽和及反式脂肪酸會導致更多膽固醇生成且不易代謝。
- 因此減少富含飽和及反式脂肪的食物來源,例如高脂肉品(培根、熱狗等)、冰淇淋、奶精、使用棕櫚油或椰子油或氫化植物油製作的餅乾、糕點等,對於降低膽固醇是首要之道。
- 增加攝取有助膽固醇代謝的食物也很重要。主食可選擇燕麥、大麥等全穀類食物,至少佔整天主食量 1/3,將飲食中一半的肉品換成黃豆製品,搭配每天 1碗半的蔬菜和 1 碗半的水果(碗指飯碗),選擇加有植醇的乳品或烹調油,並適量攝取堅果,1 天最多 1 湯匙。
- 常見食物升膽固醇指數(CSI)
- 三大升膽固醇指數類: 油, 點心, 蛋黃.
- Should you be on a statin?
- People who already have cardiovascular disease.
- People who have very high LDL (bad) cholesterol, 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) or higher.
- People who have diabetes. This group includes adults who have diabetes and an LDL between 70 and 189 mg/dL.
- People who have a higher 10-year risk of heart attack.
飽和脂肪
成人正常體重60公斤的靜態工作者來說,每日所需熱量約1800大卡,飽和脂肪每日攝取量不宜超過總熱量10%,而糖每日攝取參考值也不宜超過總熱量的10%,換算下來,飽和脂肪攝取上限約為20公克、糖攝取量上限約為45公克,也就是9顆方糖的糖量。
Calorie Density:
- Fat: 9 calories per gram
- Protein: 4 calories per gram
- Carbohydrate/sugar: 4 calories per gram
Cheese
Goat cheese:
- 1 ounce of goat cheese has 4g saturated fat (21% daily)
- 1 ounce of cheese equals a pair of dice , or the size of your thumb or 2 tbsp.
Which Cheeses Are Lowest in Cholesterol and Fat?
- Cottage cheese, especially low-fat (.5g saturated fat per ounce).
- Mozzarella and feta are on the low end of the scale for saturated fat.
- Whole milk ricotta cheese, cheddar, Swiss, feta, Muenster, and American processed cheese
- For example, Whole milk ricotta cheese has 2.4g saturated fat per ounce.
Daily intake of salt & oil/fat per day for any adult
- Limit total fat intake to 25 to 35% of your total daily calories. Keep saturated fats to only 10% of your total daily calories.
- Use no more than 5 to 8 teaspoons (1 tablespoon = 3 teaspoons) of fats or oils per day for salads, cooking, and baking.
- Eat less than 300 mg of dietary cholesterol each day.
- Eat less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day (about 1 teaspoon of salt per day).
三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯 Triglyceride/TG
Unused dietary calories become triglycerides that circulate in your bloodstream and negatively affect your blood cholesterol.
Triglyceride-Friendly Meals from WebMD.
在人體內高三酸甘油酯含量與動脈硬化有關,加上高血壓會提高冠狀動脈性心臟病與中風的可能性。
有人建議通過帶氧運動和低醣類的食物來降低三酸甘油酯指數。
來源: 精製醣類(cake, cookie, donut) 澱粉食物(drink) 油 (chips, cake) cheese, ice cream, creamy latte 吃太多!這些吃太多以後會被轉成三酸甘油酯.
Sweet food/drink, 太多碳水化合物 -> 葡萄糖glucose -> 胰島素insulin -> 脂訪 -> 膽固醇. 細胞產生抗胰島素->發炎->動脈硬化.
甘油三酯, 甘油三酯偏高. 采血前2~3天尽可能少食含脂质的食物,空腹12小时抽血,以排除和减少饮食的影响.
Oil
Bad carbs
- Cereals (there are exceptions but they are few)
- White rice
- Pasta
- Breads (there are exceptions but they are few)
- Cookies
- Pastries
- Snack foods
- Sodas
- Juice drinks
- Crackers
洋蔥 Onion
http://www.worldjournal.com/5361956/article-吃洋蔥讓血液清透-但這2種處理方式破壞效果/
- 不要把切好的洋蔥浸泡在水裡,怕太辛辣而泡水,會讓洋蔥的含硫有機化合物流失,就無法達到讓血液清透的效果了。
- 洋蔥加熱後一樣功效不再,這是因為酵素遇熱就會被破壞,如果希望加熱後還保有清透血液的效果,那麼請將切好的洋蔥放置15分鐘以上,先讓酵素充分運作,製造出讓血液變清透的物質之後再加熱。如果想要加強效果,只要盡可能把洋蔥切薄或切細,比較容易產生酵素反應。以份量來說,每次至少要吃1/4個(50g)的洋蔥。
蔬菜吃之前最好要先燙過,避開可怕的硝酸鹽。
洋蔥生吃 最營養 洋蔥富含類黃酮,除可降低罹患大腸癌的機率,對風濕性關節炎、氣喘等,也具有抗發炎的反應。洋蔥可預防骨質疏鬆癥.
洋蔥怎麼吃最營養 每天吃飯時,就著飯吃上幾片,這樣就不會辣了。生吃的洋蔥最好選紫皮的,裡面含有花青素,這種物質具有抗氧化的功能。而且紫色的洋蔥更辣一些,說明硫化物含量更豐富,既能抗氧化還能降血脂。洋蔥燉肉能消膩: 肉湯快燉好時,把切好的洋蔥圈放鍋里滾一下,然後就關火。
六種食物切勿隔夜再吃
6 Foods That Should Not Be Left Overnight
- 煮熟的蘑菇營養價值很高,但12個小時後營養物質會流失,並且產生許多有害的成分。煮熟的蘑菇含有可調節紅血球數量的硝酸鹽 Nitrate,但放置一夜後,硝酸鹽將轉變為對身體有害的亞硝酸鹽。
- 深色的綠葉蔬菜含有大量的硝酸鹽。如果放到隔天再吃,蔬菜中的硝酸鹽經細菌作用會轉變成亞硝酸鹽 Nitrite,吃多了恐增加罹患癌症的風險。
- 海鮮. 任何方式烹調的魚類、貝類和牡蠣都不應該隔夜再食用。因為放到第二天,魚和海鮮含有的蛋白質容易降解,吃下可能損害肝臟和腎臟功能。
- 茶如果放過夜的話,它所含有的蛋白質和維生素會大量流失。而且茶中的單寧酸也會大量釋放出來,喝下恐導致腹瀉、腸胃不適,甚至可能破壞胃黏膜。
- 沙拉
- 未完全煮熟的雞蛋
Garlic
- Benefits of Garlic: 11 Healthy Reasons To Eat More Of This Smelly Superfood Allicin is a sulphur compound similar to the one found in onions, and it could offer a host of health benefits. A temperature above 140F (60C) destroys the allicin. If you wish to add it to a meal, try to add it at the very end of the cooking process after you’ve removed the dish from the source of heat.
血壓 (BP)
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/血壓
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/高血壓
- 早晨起床後20分鐘再測 此時迷走神經不再處於抑制狀態.
- Typically, for a heart rate of 72 beats/minute, a cardiac cycle lasts approximately 0.8 sec, 0.3 sec spent in systole, and 0.5 sec in diastole. See diastole on wikipedia.
- The Wiggers diagram on wikipedia shows a plot of pressure during the cycle of a heartbeat.
- atria 心房 (upper two chambers), ventricles 心室 (lower two chambers)
- ECG, arterial pressure over time and heart sounds
- Systolic pressure 收縮壓 (contract):
- measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (when the heart muscle contracts). Older people tend to have higher systolic.
- The maximum pressure exerted by the blood on the arterial wall during this phase is called as Systolic pressure. 心室收縮時將血液泵入動脈的階段。 在這個階段,由血液施加在動脈壁上的最大壓力稱為收縮壓。
- the contracted phase of the cycle is called as Systole
- Diastolic pressure 舒張壓 (relax):
- measure the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling with blood). Younger people tend to have higher diastolic.
- The minimum pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries is known as Diastolic pressure. 當整個心臟放鬆並且血液注入心臟的上腔時,舒張期是心動週期的放鬆階段。血液施加在動脈壁上的最小壓力被稱為舒張壓。
- The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is known as Diastole
- Difference Between Systolic and Diastolic
- Systolic <= 120 and diastolic <= 80. Another standard is Systolic <= 140 & diastolic <= 90. Age over 80 can have 150 for systolic. For 腎臟病 糖尿病 中風 病人 the standard is 130 & 80.
- 冬天血壓較高
- Understanding blood pressure readings from heart.org. Typically systolic reading is more important.
- 6大類治療藥物 有效控制血壓 人體的血壓晚上約下降20%左右,清晨時血壓最高,以致上午6點到10點是出血性腦中風好發的時段。
- 一天中血压的变化 and 一天中血压波动曲线图
- 量度血壓須知
- How to Lower Diastolic Pressure
- 舒張壓高的成因
- 美更新高血壓標準 修至130/80 11/13/2017. 2017年高血壓標準的依據的確是SPRINT實驗
血液循環
心臟 -> 大動脈 -> 小動脈 -> 毛細管 -> 小靜脈 -> 大靜脈 -> 心臟
高血壓症狀
- 頭暈
- 頭痛
- 心悸 (palpitation) 失眠
- 注意力不集中 記憶力減退
- 肢體麻木
- 出血
舒張壓高
- 舒張壓高和收縮壓高哪一個危害大
- 白領易患:單純性舒張壓增高型高血壓
- 舒張壓怎麼降
收縮壓高
- 比起舒張壓,收縮壓高更顯著提升中風與心臟病的風險
- 60、70歲高齡者往往會因血管硬化、缺乏彈性,使得血液壓迫動脈血管壁的力量變高,常見收縮壓較高;而50歲以下的年輕患者則相對常見「收縮壓正常、舒張壓偏高」的情況
Vitamin 微量元素
Sodium and/or DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
- sodium level (1 mmol = 23 mg): https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/sodium
- Effects of Sodium Reduction and the DASH Diet in Relation to Baseline Blood Pressure.
- Table 2 for the effect of low vs high sodium on SBP
- Table 3 for the effect of DASH on SBP
- Figure 1 shows the combined effects of low sodium and the DASH diet.
- Adult daily limit: 2300mg
降低高血壓 Food help to lower blood pressure
Eating too much salt makes the body retain more water, which raises blood pressure and can affect the heart, blood vessels, brain and kidneys.
北極愛基斯摩人與太平洋土著 很少吃鹽 幾乎找不到高血壓病人.
- 增加負離子
- 綠豆湯 利尿 排鈉
- skim milk
- spinach
- sunflower seed
- beans
- baked potato
- banana
- soybeans
- dark chocolate
- Vitamin D (low-fat milk, yogurt)
- black coffee (Chlorogenic acid/綠原酸, antioxidant)
See also 天然食物降壓17招.
- 芹菜. 芹菜香乾絲.芹菜紅棗湯.
- 玉米鬚 15-30g
- 杭菊(偏白色)
- 山楂芹菜菊花粥
- 蕈類(香菇、黑木耳) 黑木耳有兩個作用,其中一個是使血不粘稠。黑木耳燉豬肉.
- 海帶. 海帶+芹菜+白蘿蔔. 海帶+冬瓜.
- 薯類
- 洋蔥
- 洋菜粉/Agar powder, good fiber
- 大蒜 (先把它切成片,一片一片的薄片放在空氣裡15分鐘, 它跟氧氣結合以後產生大蒜素。大蒜本身不抗癌,大蒜素才抗癌) 大蒜中所含的殺菌物質遇熱時,會很快失去作用,所以大蒜宜生食. 食用大蒜最好搗碎成泥,而不是用刀切成細末,這樣效果會打折。
- 蘋果
- 番茄 (番茄炒雞蛋最值錢了。還有蕃茄湯,或番茄雞蛋湯也是好的。生吃番茄不抗癌)
- 胡蘿蔔汁.
- 蜂蜜水.
- 醋 (apple cider vinegar, 15ml per day)
- 香蕉 (鉀)
- 牛奶 (鈣)
- 全榖類
- 茶
- 黑巧克力
- 菠菜 (鉀)
- 綠豆 黃豆 (鉀)
- 瓜果類
- 葡萄柚削皮
- 黑豆 高血压,前列腺病
Book Blood Pressure Down: The 10-Step Plan to Lower Your Blood Pressure in 4 Weeks--Without Prescription Drugs
- Lose 5 pounds
- cut the salt
- eat banana
- eat spinach
- eat yogurt
- eat soy
- eat dark chocolate
- drink red wine
- take supplement
- exercise
And 健康飲食降低高血壓
按摩 降血壓
不怕血壓高!中醫降壓法寶大公開! 57健康同學會
百會穴 太陽穴 人迎穴 膻中穴 心經 合谷穴/虎口 勞宮穴 腎區 足三里 三陰交 湧泉穴 曲池穴,降壓溝,陽陵泉
緩和緊張
- 內關穴 -有助消脹氣,緩和緊張
How to Survive a Heart Attack when Alone
http://www.wikihow.com/Survive-a-Heart-Attack-when-Alone
Seasonal variation in blood pressure
- Seasonal Blood Pressure Changes
- https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gabriella_Ricci/post/Whats_the_difference_of_blood_pressure_in_summer_and_winter/attachment/59d61f2479197b807797d930/AS:282925854674945@1444466188885/download/emss-62090.pdf
眩暈
先看神經內科或耳鼻喉科
神經內科有簡單的測試
頸部血管或交感神經在肌肉中間 壓力大會造成肌肉太緊繃(或骨刺) 血管或交感神經被壓縮 頭部會有眩暈
耳石(otolith)症 Vertigo
大部分的人是周邊型的眩暈; 半規管的耳石脫落症.
(內耳)耳石復位術 (canalith repositioning procedure),
- https://youtu.be/v_g8u4nMio4 (it works)
- https://youtu.be/L6Ro8vaxQ74?t=5m25s
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/canalith-repositioning-procedure/basics/definition/PRC-20009592
- Epley maneuver
- http://www.livestrong.com/article/402457-canalith-repositioning-exercises/
甲狀腺異常
Canker Sores
http://www.health.com/oral-health/how-to-get-rid-canker-sores
- Folate: Beans, spinach, broccoli
- Iron and vitamin B12: Tuna, eggs
貧血
唇褪色、狂掉髮又忘東忘西,竟是貧血惹的禍!三招檢測你有貧血嗎?健康2.0 (完整版)
血小板低下症 Thrombocytopenia
- How to increase Low platelet count
- 血小板-過低或過高的原因
- MPV (Mean platelet volume) - The MPV is very useful in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenic disorders. MPV is part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test.
- How to Prevent Low Platelet Count from wikihow.com.
- Vitamin B12, Probiotics (yogurt)
缺血性貧血
https://1drv.ms/i/s!Am92ICmSSQXujSPTQuWJeXJ1gpsB
普林/purine
- 非急性發病期 請避免高普林食物,比如內臟類、海產類、發芽豆類、蘆筍、紫菜、香菇等。蛋白質要適量攝取,平日可食用豆、魚、肉、蛋3至4兩;如果想吃點海鮮,建議選擇非養殖的深海大型魚,而不要吃白鯧魚、虱目魚、秋刀魚、白帶魚、吻仔魚等養殖小魚。
- 急性發病期 此時應選擇低普林的食物,包含蛋類、奶類、米、麵、甘薯、葉菜類、瓜類、水果。蛋白質最好完全由蛋奶供應。食慾不振的話,可以補充含糖液體。
- 腳趾關節腫痛
- 降低尿酸 (Uric acid) 偏高的方法 including 高嘌呤(普林)食物.
- 如何預防痛風及減輕症狀
- 好食課/香菇、豆腐是痛風元凶?這4種食物更有風險
一般常見的四種關節炎臨床表現如下:
- 退化性關節炎: 好發生於年齡大於45歲以上,肥胖、關節過去曾因活動或運動而受傷的族群。常常發生於頸椎、腰椎、膝關節及髖關節。發生原因是關節內軟骨退化,長久下來磨損到軟骨下的骨頭,刺激骨頭異常增生而長出所謂的〝骨刺〞,進而可能壓迫神經,產生麻感或無力的現象。
- 類風濕性關節炎: 好發生於40歲到60歲之間,通常有家族遺傳性。常見於手腳小關節,兩側對稱發生,特徵是早上起床時,關節特別僵硬,需要活動三十分鐘,才會好轉。發生原因是自體免疫系統出問題,發作時小關節滑液膜發炎,關節內軟骨及骨頭組織受到破壞。
- 僵直性關節炎: 通常有遺傳性,常見於男性。約二十歲左右開始產生症狀,常見的臨床症狀為下背部疼痛,脊椎僵硬及運動受限。
- 痛風性關節炎: 病人因常攝取高普林飲食,長久下來,血中尿酸數值太高,產生痛風結晶,進而引發關節的發炎,好發的位置如大腳趾、踝關節、膝關節等。 30-60 minutes 立即發作.
如何預防:
- 保持理想的體重。體重過重會造成關節多餘的負擔,引發關節的不適。
- 養成每天適度運動的好習慣,因為運動可以增加關節滑液的流動,加強肌肉、肌腱等支持的結構,和關節囊的韌性,強化骨骼,增加體能等。
- 避免長時間維持同一姿勢(例如久站或久坐)。一般建議的時間是三十分鐘到四十分鐘起身活動一下筋骨,利用二到三分鐘的時間做一做各個關節舒展的柔軟體操,以避免肌肉僵硬疲勞。
- 保持均衡的飲食。尤其在罹患有痛風或高尿酸的病人,要避免含有高量普林的飲食(如動物內臟、海鮮、豆類食物及酒類等。)
- 補充維他命C (500 x 3 mg). 幫助尿液變鹼性, 尿酸融解. See webmd.com.
如何自我照護:
- 當關節僅有疼痛現象,而無紅腫時,可用熱敷的方式。每次20-30分鐘,一天2-3次。
- 當關節有紅腫現象時,每小時冰敷10-15分鐘。冰敷可以改善發炎和疼痛的情況。
- 當關節出現紅腫熱痛的現象時,讓患部適度的休息,避免承擔重物。
- 早晨起床後有關節僵硬的現象時,可洗個溫水澡來舒緩關節。
- 平日運動的方式和強度需要向醫師諮詢。不同的關節炎有不同的運動方式。原則上應選擇對關節低衝擊性的運動,例如游泳、騎腳踏車。
- 要選擇底部有良好襯墊的鞋子。
低普林飲食 Low purine diet
- http://www.lifehack.org/433367/6-lifestyle-tweaks-to-prevent-or-manage-gout
- http://www.mmh.org.tw/nutrition/pdf/%E4%BD%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_1010208.pdf
- http://www.tmuh.org.tw/tmuh_web/Nutrition/pdf/Nutrition_16.pdf
- http://www.chimei.org.tw/main/cmh_department/59012/info/5600/A5600211.html
- http://www.wlsh.tyc.edu.tw/ezfiles/2/1002/img/28/new_page_17.htm
- http://807.mnd.gov.tw/code_upload/HealthInfo/file1_894_1738853.pdf
- http://www.nhi.gov.tw/webdata/webdata.aspx?menu=6&menu_id=168&webdata_id=1690
- http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/condition/gout It explains what are common among spinach, rhubarb, beets, nuts, chocolate, black tea, wheat bran, strawberries, and beans: oxalate 草酸鹽;草酸酯
- http://www.drugs.com/cg/low-purine-diet.html
- 20 Foods to keep your uric acid at normal levels Water, cherries, apples, lime, french bean juice, celery seed, berries, apple cider vinegar, pinto beans/sunflower seeds/lentils (rich in folic acid), carrot/beet/cucumber vegetable juice, low-fat dairy, Kiwi/guava/orange/lemon/tomato/green leafy veg (vitamin C), Oats/Broccoli/apples/oranges/pears/strawberries/blueberries/cucumbers/celery/carrots/barley (high fiber), Banana, green tea, Grains with more alkaline, Tomato/broccoli/cucumber, Dark chocolate/cocoa, Potato/corn, flaxseed/walnut/salmon/mackerel/sardines(omega 3).
- Tofu is low in purines
尿路結石
- http://baike.baidu.com/view/987877.htm
- http://www.twhealth.org.tw/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=835&Itemid=20
- http://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/article.action?nid=64004
脂肪肝 (fatty liver disease, FLD)
脂肪肝在全世界範圍內都是發生在酗酒(即酒精性脂肪肝,常稱酒精肝)和肥胖(不管有沒有胰島素抵抗效應)人群的單一疾病。
嚴重者可能造成肝硬化和肝癌。
Vitamins
Calcium
- 乳糖不耐 Lactose intolerance
- 骨質疏鬆症 Osteoporosis https://youtu.be/JP8PlKQjCoU
- 鈣與鋅鎂有交互作用; 鈣要分開吃
Vitamin B-complex
- 維生素B群吃太多了尿液排出,變成帶有一點螢光的黃色
- 吃了湯圓更要喝湯, 因為糯米含有許多維生素B群,這些維生素都為水溶性,湯汁中會保存較多營養成分。
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
維生素B1是維持心臟、神經及消化系統正常機能。
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
See also 口角炎.
Also known as vitamin B2, riboflavin supports cellular energy production.† Riboflavin is found in a variety of foods such as fortified cereals, milk, eggs, salmon, beef, spinach and broccoli.
Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 菸鹼酸
- 擴張微血管 可用來降低血壓
- 可幫助您放鬆並獲得一夜好眠。
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B9 (Folate)
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin/Cyanocobalamin)
Vitamin C
- Green, red, .. peppers (half green bell pepper = 1 serving = 110% vitamin C)
- Guavas
- Dark green leafy vegetables (kale)
- Kiwi
- Broccoli
- Berry
- Citrus fruits
- Cooked tomato
- Peas
- Papaya
Vitamin D
魚肝裡有Vitamin A & D. Vitamin E 非常少.
魚油與魚肝油事不一樣的. 魚油沒有 Vitamin E. 魚油有多元不飽和 EPA and DHA.
市售「魚油」補充品除了DHA外,通常也可能含有抗凝血的EPA成分,若在懷孕後期食用,可能會導致生產時大出血風險。相較之下,選擇由藻類萃取的藻油DHA較為安全。藻油成分只有單純的DHA、不含EPA。
Vitamin E
- Dark green leafy (cooked spinach)
- Nuts
- Sunflower seeds
- Avocados
- Shellfish (Shrimp)
- Fish
- Plant oils
- Broccoli (Cooked)
- Squash & Pumpkin
- Fruits (Kiwi)
Vitamin C 是 Vitamin E 的好朋友 因為Vitamin E 在酸性的環境下 (Vitamin C can provide it) 比較穩定. Vitamin C & E 怕高溫 所以要低溫烹調.
钾Potassium
CDC recommends everyone limit sodium intake to below 2,300 mg per day and that everyone should also get at least 4,700 mg of potassium a day to help balance their levels of sodium and potassium in the body. However, according to the Harvard School of Public Health, up to 70 percent of Americans belong to a high-risk group that needs to cut sodium intake even more. These groups include people over 40, African-Americans, people with hypertension or pre-hypertension and people with diabetes. Anyone in these categories should limit sodium intake to 1,500 milligrams per day. Even people who are not in these groups can benefit from limiting sodium intake to 1,500 milligrams a day, and there are no negative health consequences for doing so.
- One sweet potato packs a whopping 694 mg of potassium
- One quarter cup of tomato paste delivers 664 mg of this vital mineral
- Beet greens pack a hopping 644 mg of potassium per half cup
- Beans (include kidney and lima beans) with half a cup delivering nearly 600 mg
- Eight ounces of plain old non-fat yogurt contains 579 mg of potassium
- Canned or fresh, 3 ounces of clams pack 534 mg of potassium and have the highest concentration of vitamin B12 of any food
- Prunes delivering 530 mg per 3/4 cup. Eating more of these dried plums can help keep your bones strong too.
- Carrot juice packs over 500 mg in one 3/4 cup
- Meaty fish like halibut and tuna have nearly 500 mg of potassium per 3 ounce serving
- Half a cup of cooked soybeans (eg edamame) have nearly 500 mg of potassium.
- One medium banana does pack more than 400 mg
- Milk with 382 mg per cup for the non-fat or skim version
- 3/4 of a cup of orange juice delivers 355 mg of potassium.
See the following 2 cases to see how much calories and sodium we eat at Chipotle.
鎂 Magnesium
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%95%81
- 鎂是構成骨骼的主要成分,是人體不可缺少的礦物質元素之一。它能輔助鈣和鉀的吸收。它具有預防心臟病、糖尿病、夜尿症、降低膽固醇的作用。
- 缺乏鎂會使神經受到干擾,引致暴躁及緊張,並且會肌肉震顫及絞痛、心律不整、心悸、低血糖、虛弱、疲倦、神經過敏、手腳顫抖等。而酒精、利尿劑、高量的維生素D及鋅,均會增加身體對鎂的需求。
- Dark Leafy Greens (Raw Spinach)
- Nuts and Seeds (Squash and Pumpkin Seeds)
- Fish (Mackerel)
- Beans and Lentils (Soy Beans)
- Whole Grains (Brown Rice)
- Avocados
- Low-Fat Dairy (Plain Non Fat Yogurt)
- Bananas
- Dried Fruit (Figs)
- Dark Chocolate
鋅 Zinc
- 不斷掉髮
- 指甲易脆裂 上面有白點
- 牙齒缺乏光澤
- 口腔容易潰瘍
- 易有皮膚問題
牛肉、豬肉和羊肉等紅肉是最佳的鋅來源,除了含鋅量高,且與其他來源相比,身體更容易吸收。建議每周吃熟紅肉500克、每天70克,或每周五次、每次100克。
南瓜子 腰果 鷹嘴豆Chick peas.
磷 Phosphorum
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A3%B7
- 磷能保持人體內代謝平衡 它參與體內的酸鹼平衡的調節,參與體內脂肪的代謝。
- 磷過多將導致高磷血症,使血液中血鈣降低導致骨質疏鬆, 增加心血管疾病 腫瘤風險 提早老化.
- 漢堡(組合肉) 貢丸 等加工食品 以增加保水度 風味 色澤
- 腎臟病者 無法將磷排出體外 導致高血磷症 衍生出一系列併發症.
硒 selenium
6種身體症狀
- 夜晚視力降低: vitamin A
- 關節疼痛: vitamin A, D, K, 微量元素 銅 鉻 鋅 鎂 鉬
- 掉頭髮: 蛋白質 必需脂肪酸 鋅
- 皮膚搔癢: 鋅
- 腸胃不好: vitamin B complex, 鋅
維他命沒事別亂吃
https://1drv.ms/u/s!Am92ICmSSQXujW0R0zv5JTml6GjB
Fat
- 反式脂肪 Trans fats or (hydrogenated fats) are actually unsaturated fats, but they can raise total and LDL (bad) cholesterol levels while also lowering HDL (good) cholesterol levels.
- 油條、燒餅、乳酪餅 蛋塔 千層派 鳳梨酥 炸雞 臭豆腐 酥皮濃湯 玉米濃湯 燉飯 義大利麵 咖哩塊 沙拉醬 可頌 大蒜麵包 蛋塔 捲心酥 奶油夾心餅 泡芙 瑞士捲 起司蛋糕 鬆餅 Popcorn, Chips, chocolate, 牛軋糖.
- 世界衛生組織規定,一日攝取反式脂肪以2公克為限,即使少量攝取也會造成身體很大危害,甚至比飽和脂肪酸還可怕。 食用反式脂肪增加心血管疾病的風險,是飽和脂肪酸的三到五倍。
- 盡量不要購買組合肉和加工紅肉,如火腿、培根、熱狗、香腸等, 這些是致癌物質,天天吃會增加罹患大腸癌的機率。
- 飽和脂肪 Saturated fats directly raise total and LDL (bad) cholesterol levels.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: These include an “essential” fatty acid, which means it's critical for our health but cannot be manufactured by our bodies.
See also
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_fat
- Fat Facts: Good Fats vs. Bad Fats
- http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/news/20140320/dietary-fats-q-a
- http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/features/truth-about-saturated-fats
- http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HealthyEating/Saturated-Fats_UCM_301110_Article.jsp
How to choose oils
- http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-Healthy-Cooking-Oils
- http://www.wikihow.com/Choose-the-Right-Cooking-Oil
- http://liansin.lianan.com.tw/05_healthy_info.asp?sn=65&page=1 重新認識玄米油 (rice bran oil)
- The Ugly Truth About Vegetable Oil and How You Can Avoid It
- 一張圖 檢視你的用油常識
葵花油 sunflower oil
225F - 440F
苦茶油 Camellia Oil
食用油冒煙點 smoke point
油菜籽 canola oil
225F
Peanut oil
320F
Coconut oil
亞麻子油 flaxseed oil
芝麻(油),花生(油)
白芝麻、黑芝麻哪個營養高?花生、麻油怎麼挑才安心!健康2.0
Gallbladder
Bile made in your liver, helps you digest fats and certain vitamins.
Sugar limit
- 6 teaspoons or 25 grams (100 calories) for women
- 9 teaspoons or 36 grams (150 calories) for men
腦
The human brain is nearly 60 percent fat.
腦瘤
- 腦瘤,依發生原因分為原發性及繼發性2種。原發性腦瘤是指在腦部形成的異常細胞,依照異常細胞發生的不同位置再加以細分許多種類;繼發性腦瘤則是由其他器官的惡性腫瘤轉移到腦部。
- 李敖良性腦瘤為何只剩3年命? 腦瘤良性、惡性比一比
- 腦瘤症狀易混淆 有這6大警訊快就醫: 6個危險警訊包含「近期發生嚴重且無法解釋的頭痛或頭暈」、「個性或生活習慣改變」、「手腳無力或感覺異常」、「視力或視野缺損」、「失去平衡感」、「大小便障礙」等。
膠質母細胞瘤 Glioblastoma (GBM)
John McCain Has Been Diagnosed With Glioblastoma. What Is That? How are they caused? What are the symptoms? What is the typical prognosis? It is a type of glioma (神經膠質瘤), a brain or spinal tumor that arises from glial cells. Glioblastoma makes up about half of all malignant (cancerous) brain tumors and affects around five people out of 100,000 per year.
偏頭痛
痛的時間是>4小時以上 痛得沒有辦法工作.
五種不要吃的食物
- Cheese 起士
- Chocolate
- Tomato
- Tangerine 柑橘
- Milk
補腦益智
- 南瓜核桃增加注意力 omega-3, 補充疲勞, 消除神經衰弱
- 黃豆杏仁增加多巴胺 增加快樂感
- 魚(卵磷脂)海帶(卵磷脂, 亞油酸)健腦
DHA
孕婦補充DHA 幫胎兒補腦. 藻類, 鯖魚, 比目魚, 秋刀魚(saury).
Eye diseases
- http://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health
- Human Eye Anatomy
- 眼睛結構:
- 水晶體/lens (雙凸形扁圓體) - 白內障
- 玻璃體/vitreous body (眼球內無色透明的膠狀物質,約占眼球內腔的4/5) - 視網膜脫落 飛蚊症
- 健康講座-十一月份(白內障:真相、誤解與傳聞) (World Journal)
高度近視與視網膜剝離
- 高度近視的人 劇烈運動玻璃體把視網膜拉破
- 高度近視引起視網膜病變
高度近視(high myopia) & 保養
- 近視度數超過600度,即為高度近視(high myopia)。
- 高度近視常見問題及應有的保養
- 不可輕忽的高度近視-合併症會引起失明
- 高度近视怎么 保养眼睛?
葉黃素 from wikipedia.
- http://milong.myweb.hinet.net/lutein.htm
- 葉黃素 (Lutein) 就如同碳粉,如果影印機的碳粉沒有了它,就不能印出任何東西了
- 葉黃素能吸收藍光,抗氧化。紫外線一般能被眼角膜(cornea)及晶狀體(lens)過濾掉,但藍光卻可穿透眼球直達視網膜(retina)及黃斑(macular),而晶狀體和黃斑的葉黃素能過濾掉藍光,避免藍光對眼睛的損害。
- 葉黃素為一種天然存在於蔬果中的類胡蘿蔔素,如甘藍、菠菜、芥菜、深綠色花椰菜、玉米等蔬菜葉片中;奇異果、葡萄、柳橙汁、綠皮胡瓜、以及數種南瓜中,含有30﹪~50﹪的葉黃素。
- 葉黃素是一個很好的抗氧化劑,保護細胞避免受自由基的傷害。
- 葉黃素存在於人體的眼睛、皮膚、血清、子宮頸、腦部、心臟、胸部等,來維持這些部位的健康,尤其對眼睛特別重要。
- 但人體沒有辦法自己合成,必須要由食物中才可獲得。
- http://www.preservision.com/about-amd/about-amd-overview
- 黃斑部病變 銀髮族視力殺手
Over the counter vitamins
- PreserVision from Bausch + Lomb.
- Ocuvite from Bausch + Lomb.
乾眼症 Dry eyes
Artificial tears brands
- Bausch & Lomb Soothe XP
- Systane Ultra
- Refresh Optive
- Thera Tears
多吃魚(DHA, 鯖魚 秋刀魚 沙丁魚), 枸杞, 多眨眼(3-4 seconds/per time), Blueberry.
葉黃素 Letuin (7.5-10mg/day) 油酯性, 眼睛會吸收. 吃三個月才會維持濃度.
眼壓 Intraocular pressure/IOP
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/眼压
- 正常眼壓的範圍為 11~21mmHg
- 眼壓高,往往會對視神經造成損害,導致青光眼。
青光眼 Glaucoma
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/青光眼
- 青光眼與高度近視為好兄弟
- 眼內有一透明清澈之液體叫"房水"。此水樣液不斷在眼睛內部流動。(圖)若此房水排流系統受阻,眼球內部之壓力就會上升而傷害到視神經。青光眼是導致失明的主要原因之一。
- 青光眼分急性與慢性. 大部分人為慢性. 初期症狀不明顯 須靠定期眼睛檢查才能發現. 急性青光眼有頭痛 噁心嘔吐 眼睛脹痛 眼壓上升情況 或視力瞬間喪失.
- 等到發現視力不良或視野縮小時,視神經往往已經受到嚴重的傷害。 青光眼中斷治療 8年後看東西「灰一塊」左眼視野剩55%
- 醫師會測量眼壓、檢查眼底及視野,來診斷是否患有青光眼。Or using Retinal/fundus photography. See the Wikipedia website.
- 青光眼通常可用眼藥或口服藥(副作用)來控制。這些藥物可以降低眼壓,但是必須持續且按時使用才行。
老花 Presbyopia
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E8%8A%B1
- 睫狀體/水晶體 彈性隨年齡而漸漸減低
- 60歲就定了
散光 Astigmatism
- 看電視、滑手機不會造成散光!這才是元凶
- 如果眼球球體是正圓,就不會有散光. 光線進入眼球後,並不會聚焦成單一點,而是散開的影像,就稱為散光,臨床上,以眼球長軸與短軸的差距,來判斷散光的度數。
白內障 Cataract
晶狀體/水晶體(crystalline lens)混濁稱為白內障。A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.
白內障是因水晶體病變,導致視力模糊,甚至失明的眼疾。初期病徵為視力模糊、單眼看東西有雙重影像、對色彩的敏感度降低、畏光,或晚上看路燈或車頭燈等光源時,出現光暈的情況
我們的眼睛好比照相機,透過角膜和水晶體兩個鏡頭接收外界的光線,呈像於視網膜的眾多感光細胞上,再經由視神經將訊息上傳至大腦組合成影像,才能使我們“看見”這世界。而重要的鏡頭之一 ~ 水晶體,位於瞳孔內側,長得像一顆透明的MM巧克力,是由一層細胞組成的外囊,包著排列整齊的蛋白質纖維所構成的。它原本應該是 透明的,若因為老化或其他因素導致混濁、褐變或硬化,就會遮蔽視線而導致視力模糊,稱為白內障。
一般葉黃素不足,最常引起的就是老化性視網膜黃斑區病變(AMD,65歲以上喪失視力的主要原因)和白內障(60歲以上的老年人中約有95%以上的人發生白內障).
眼睛雷射
近視「眼睛雷射」醫生沒告訴你的真相?!健康2.0
散瞳眼底檢查 Pupil dilate and fundus exam
眼紅
- https://www.worldjournal.com/5389094/article-保健品吃過量-「眼紅」透警訊/ . 保健食品還同時有「通血路」的效果, 但卻因吃進的種類多,仍起一定的抗凝血作用,增加出血風險。
保健
- 眼睛累了?比起閉眼休息 這招更有效
- 老花眼可逆轉!專家教你護眼妙方這樣做 健康兩點靈
- 眼睛按摩 眼眶穴道位置 每天定期保養2次,一次大約5分鐘。
- 眼睛最愛的食物
Eye glasses prescription
- https://www.verywell.com/eyeglass-prescriptions-3421911
- Some factors to consider
- Single vision: distance or reading only
- High index lens
- Coating
牙齒 tooth
http://www.worldjournal.com/5326408/article-牙齒怕冷怕熱-不能只靠抗敏牙膏/ 牙醫師表示,牙齒遇冷熱會敏感,或是咬東西時會酸軟無力, 有可能是嚴重的牙周病或者是裂齒症
過敏
過敏性鼻炎
https://www.worldjournal.com/5427823/article-每天按穴位-鼻過敏不煩人/
頭髮
抗老抗癌非吃不可的黑色食物
Skin
口角炎/嘴角潰爛 Angular cheilitis, 口腔潰瘍 Canker sore
乾燥的氣候會使口唇、口角周圍皮膚黏膜乾裂,周圍的病菌乘虛而入造成感染,引起口角炎。
營養不良性口角炎多為缺乏維生素B族,多為B2核黃素,造成的嘴角貧血。以及缺鐵、缺鋅。
引起口角炎的原因,也有可能是念珠菌感染。
- https://www.curesdecoded.com/conditions/angular-cheilitis/272
- http://www.angularcheilitishelp.org/angular-cheilitis-treatment.php
- http://health.morningstar.com.tw/healthqa/sick_print.asp?id=350
- https://kknews.cc/health/g3az58.html
- https://kknews.cc/health/894kz6l.html 爛嘴角最好不要舔 多吃動物肝臟、蛋類、牛肉、菠菜、覓菜、油萊、苗香、花生、黃豆、木耳等。
- 盡量不要吃刺激性食物 睡眠與水分要充足
- 如何預防口腔潰瘍? 具溫熱性質食物或水果,像是牛肉、羊肉、荔枝、橘子等,吃太多也會上火。
- 只要把白米加很多的水,一直煮、一直煮,煮到白白濃稠狀,把上層的白色乳汁擦在口角處即可消除疼痛,擦個幾回,口角炎就會康復。 早、中、晚各塗一次,大概兩天左右就恢復囉
- https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/angular-cheilitis#1
- 7居家療法讓傷口迅速癒合:
- 蜂蜜: 蜂蜜具有抗發炎和抗菌的特性. 只需每天在口瘡上塗一些蜂蜜即可。
- 葡萄乾
- 洋蔥 (硫化合物), 將一片洋蔥放置於潰瘍處15~20分鐘,每日2到3次
- 葡萄柚, 混和5~6滴葡萄柚汁和一小杯水,每天漱口一到兩次。
- 益生菌優酪乳
- 潮濕的茶包: 潮濕的茶包放在患處5分鐘就能帶來神奇的舒緩效果
- 氧化鎂牛奶
Collagen 膠原蛋白
濕疹 Eczema
- 3 Effective Home Remedies For Annoying Eczema Oat meal, Coconut oil
Home Remedies For Cracked Heels
- http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/simple-home-remedies-for-cracked-heels/
- http://www.top10homeremedies.com/home-remedies/home-remedies-for-cracked-heels.html
- 告別腳跟龜裂7步驟
Anti wrinkle
- Berries
- Dark green, red, and yellow vegetables
- Spices
- Green tea
- Nuts
- Fish
http://e-paper.epochtimes.com/WashingtonDC/20170421_1130E/170_EPB_20170420_30_K_1.jpg.html
異位性皮膚炎、蕁麻疹
瘢瘤 Keloid scar
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keloid
- http://www.ultronics.com.hk/Whats-Keloid-chi
- How To Make Keloids Stop Itching
- Apply ice wrapped in a bag or towel
- moisturizing lotion
- corticosteroid creams
- Bathe in cool or lukewarm water instead of hot water
頸部
氣管 trachea
甲狀腺
頸動脈 頸靜脈
骨頭, 脊椎
鈣
鈣質的吸收需要vitamin D and vitamin K (深綠色蔬菜 脂溶性的). 鈣質若沒被吸收就會跑到腎臟變成腎結石.
芝麻菠菜.
3分鐘改正你的脊椎側彎
http://www.worldjournal.com/5367648/article-自己的脊椎自己矯正!3分鐘改正你的脊椎側彎/
膝關節 內側皺壁
Core 核心運動/核心肌群訓練
韌帶 (Ligament) vs 肌腱 (Tendon)
Ligament connects bone to bone while tendon connects muscle to bone. See this picture or this.
阿基里斯腱(Achilles tendon)斷裂
腳踝訓練
Arthritis
退化性關節炎/骨性關節炎 OA/Osteoarthritis
- 什麼是骨性關節炎?
- 骨關節炎
- 軟骨 Cartilage
- 跑步能減輕體重、減少關節負擔
- 退化性膝關節炎的保健
類風濕性關節炎 RA/rheumatoid arthritis
骨刺 Osteophyte/Bone spur
關節軟骨是由70%膠原蛋白及30%醣蛋白所組成. 很多人都忽略蛋白質的重要性,蛋白質包含豆腐、瘦肉、蛋白,要有均衡飲食。
椎間盤突出
腕隧道症候群 CTS
五十肩 Frozen Shoulder
Spine exercise
- University of Waterloo kinesiology professor Stuart McGill
- How to Improve Spinal Flexibility with Yoga
髖關節 vs 坐骨神經
足底筋膜炎
- http://www.commonhealth.com.tw/article/article.action?nid=67763&fullpage=true
- 足底筋膜炎不易治好!三個方法在家加速復原
- 腳跟很痛 足底筋膜炎好發在穿平底,很軟的鞋 又過度使用的族群. 踩地的力量都在腳跟. 過度拉扯足底筋膜.
肌腱鈣化
低頭滑手機 超傷頸椎
假設頭顱是 5 Kg. 滑手機如何損害我們的脊椎
- 0度, 頸椎受力變成 5 Kg
- 15度, 頸椎受力變成 12 Kg
- 30度, 頸椎受力變成 18 Kg
- 45度, 頸椎受力變成 23 Kg
- 60度, 頸椎受力變成 27 Kg
肩頸痠痛 緊繃 缺乏血液循環 發炎 頸椎鈣化
牙科醫生也是高危險族
Back pain
How to Relieve Lower Back Pain Effectively
僵直性脊椎炎
如何區分自己的下背痛是否為僵直性脊椎炎導致?黃光永表示,可從2點判斷,「一為發炎性下背痛、二為晨間僵硬。」
肝, 膽, 腸, 胃
養肝
- 蛋白質
- 糖
- 維生素 A B E
- 綠色食物
胰臟 Pancreas
膽囊 Gall Bladder
大腸
大腸包括盲腸(cecum)、結腸(colon, main part)、直腸(rectum) 以及肛管(anus)
醫師好辣
大腸桿菌 E. coli
- http://www.worldjournal.com/5362354/article-美加爆大腸桿菌2死-消費者報告:暫勿吃唐生菜/
- Romaine Lettuce Might Be Linked to a Deadly E. coli Outbreak
結腸
Poop
You Won't Believe These 10 Foods Secretly Make You Poop More!
Prunes, Kiwi, Flax seeds, Oranges, Oatmeal, Pop corns, Beans, Apples, Yogurt, Coffee.
當心腸癌找上你!在家就能做的「宿便清腸法」跟著醫師這樣做防癌 健康2.0
胃
遠離胃病
- 牛奶
- 粥
- 湯
- 南瓜
- 菠菜
- 高麗菜
胃潰瘍 Gastric ulcer 與 消化性潰瘍 Peptic ulcer
http://www.postal.com.tw/網站衛教單張/胃腸內科/消化性潰瘍.htm
胃及十二指腸潰瘍 Duodenal ulcer
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/胃及十二指肠潰瘍
腎臟病
補充維他命要小心
香蕉勿過度攝取
香蕉富含鉀離子及糖份,建議若有腎臟及糖尿病患者,避免過度攝取
蛋白質 遠離「三高」和洗腎
大部分第二型糖尿病患者,通常會被建議攝取多一點蛋白質,以增加胰島素分泌,有助調節血糖,然而一旦攝取過量,特別是動物性蛋白將被轉換為含氮廢物,須經腎臟排出體外,容易增加腎臟負擔,可能導致腎衰竭。
植物性蛋白因油脂少,比動物性蛋白佳,例如綠色花椰菜、菠菜、玉米、馬鈴薯、豌豆、南瓜等,都是好選擇。
攝護腺 Prostate
- 預防攝護腺癌 男性應吃3種食材 蘋果、葡萄與薑黃
- 有益男人健康的東西. 1/2瓣大蒜, 1個蘋果, 2個橘子, 2次黑木耳, 3.5杯橙汁, 10顆葡萄, 50g南瓜子
- https://youtu.be/dRL-Zcvpmrk 膳食纖維 鋅(南瓜 牡蠣 肉) 茄紅素(番茄tomato 葡萄柚 木瓜) 硒(大蒜 芝麻) 異黃酮(黃豆 豆製品)
提肛運動
PSA
超過50歲,每年赴泌尿科進行一次攝護腺特異抗原(PSA)檢查
食物
9種廉價又營養的食物
- 燕麥
- 甜菜 beet
- 洋蔥
- 高麗菜
- 香蕉
- 糙米
- 西瓜
- 雞蛋
- 乾豆
食物脹氣,放屁
- 紅籮蔔
- 蘋果
- 黑莓
- 十字科蔬菜
- 芒果
健康檢查報告
- Lipid panel: cholesterol, TRIGLYCERIDES (reduced a lot), HDL CHOLESTEROL, LDL-CHOLESTEROL, CHOL/HDLC RATIO, NON HDL CHOLESTEROL
- Comp METABOLIC PANE (CMP): Glucose serum, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE, CALCIUM, GLOBULIN, ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
- CBC: WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT, RED BLOOD CELL COUNT, HEMOGLOBIN, HEMATOCRIT, PLATELET COUNT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, MPV.
- T4, FREE, SERUM
- TSH
- PSA/Prostate-specific antigen/攝護腺特異抗原, PSA test
- URIC ACID
- HEMOGLOBIN, QUALITATIVE, STOOL BY IMMUNOLOGIC METHOD
Lose weight 減肥
- 10 Natural Supplements To Lose Weight Fast
- 减脂期间正确的饮食结构是怎样的?具体怎么搭配?
- 減肥時脂肪跑去哪裡
- Is It Bad to Exercise on an Empty Stomach? After you exercise, wait 60 to 90 minutes before eating to maximize the fat-burning response.
- Here’s What to Eat for Lunch If You’re Trying to Slim Down, According to a Nutritionist
生酮飲食 Ketogenic diet
尼雅運動
- 宋晏仁 終生瘦用211全平衡瘦身法 Nia
- https://health.udn.com/health/story/6001/2741746 進食順序先喝水、肉、菜、飯,最後再吃水果,健康餐盤中蔬菜占比50%、蛋白質和全穀類各占25%,水果餐後再吃,如此一餐熱量不過600卡.
減肥手術
喝水與減肥
http://www.worldjournal.com/5283962/article-圖解哪些時段喝水有助於減肥/
吃多少
Definition and Importance of the Serving Size
Suggested Servings from Each Food Group
- Grain: 6-8
- vegetables: 3-5
- Fruit: 4-5
- Fat-free or low-fat dairy Products: 2-3
- Lean meats, poultry, and seafood: less than 6 oz
- Fats and oils: 2-3
- Nuts, seeds, and legumes: 4 per week
- Sweets and added sugars: 0-5 per week
Portion Size Versus Serving Size. You may be surprised to learn these are serving sizes:
- 1 slice of bread
- ½ cup rice or pasta (cooked)
- 1 small piece of fruit (super-large apples are 2+ servings)
- 1 wedge of melon
- ¾ cup fruit juice
- 1 cup milk or yogurt
- 2 oz. cheese (about the size of a domino)
- 2-3 oz. meat, poultry or fish (this is about the size of a deck of cards)
熱量不等於重量
https://www.worldjournal.com/5386669/article-做好熱量控制-瘦下來不難/
玉米不是蔬菜
玉米不是蔬菜,玉米在營養分類上屬全穀根莖類,1根水煮玉米熱量約210大卡,就等於1碗8分滿的白飯,一餐1根玉米就能取代主食白飯. See 1次啃3根玉米-男減肥越吃越胖
容易被誤以為是蔬菜的全穀根莖類還包含山藥、芋頭、蓮藕、南瓜等等,此外,甜湯常用的薏仁、蓮子和綠豆、紅豆、花豆、粉圓等等,還有常被作為零嘴的蠶豆、爆米花也都是屬全穀根莖類,欲控制體重者都需要特別留意攝取量。
BMAL1
Better to eat snack around 2-5PM since BMAL1 protein is lowest (and highest 10AM -3PM). BMAL1 can convert energy and store them as fat in your body.
運動
- 在家裡做哪些運動可以減脂或增肌. See 大象伯伯.
- 在辦公室做哪些運動可以減脂或增肌
緩解肩頸後背的疲勞
肌肉量
人體肌肉量於20至35歲時達到巔峰,隨著年齡衰退下降,40歲後每10年流失8%,70歲後流失速度再加倍。 蛋白質是身體建構肌肉組織最基本的原料,每人每天約需要攝取5至6份肉類,建議平均分配於三餐,以達均衡飲食目的。
有氧運動
每天有氧運動30分鐘,例如健走、游泳、跑步、騎腳踏車 (Elliptical Bike). 中度以上的有氧運動,每分鐘心跳超過一百下且流汗.
肌力訓練
每星期至少2次肌力訓練,每次15分鐘,例如健身房肌力訓練、仰臥起坐、舉重、吊單槓、彈力繩撐拉、推牆、抬腿或蹲站。
無氧運動與有氧運動的區別
Walking
- Doing This for 30 Minutes a Day Can Help You Live Longer
- Average walking speed is 3.1 miles per hour according to wikipedia
七分鐘運動
深蹲,直拳
Knee
Senior Health
Dementia 失智症
約3%的人口在65到74歲之間得到失智症,另外19%的人口則在75到84歲之間,而將近一半的人口 超過85歲得到失智症
Alzheimer's disease (AD) 阿兹海默病
- 發展階段
- 從初始發病到生命的尾聲,會延續8至13年以上
- In 2017, the lifetime cost of care for a person with Alzheimer's stood at $329,360
Parkinson's Disease 帕金森氏症
提升副交感神經(parasympathetic nerve/PN)方法
副交感神經的主要功能是使瞳孔縮小、心跳減慢、皮膚和內臟血管舒張、小支氣管收縮、胃腸蠕動加強、括約肌鬆弛、唾液和淚液分泌增多、男性生殖器的勃起等。
- 腹式呼吸 (10 minutes each day)
- 打太極拳等身心運動
- 接近植物、利用溫度、吃熱食、睡覺
Athelete foot
- Coconut oil
- For blister, try paper surgical tape
失眠 insomnia
- 9 Things to Do When You Can’t Sleep Because Your Mind Is Racing
- https://www.worldjournal.com/5398092/article-老是失眠睡不著?可試著按摩這些穴位/
褪黑激素 Melatonin
褪黑素可以用來幫助入睡和治療睡眠障礙
- 褪黑素
- Google: melatonian
Circadian Rhythms
https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/Factsheet_CircadianRhythms.aspx
瞑想的極致
讓自己的內心不起波瀾 Live a tranquil life
How to Survive Overthinking
http://www.wikihow.com/Survive-Overthinking
Focus on being in the present moment
I Insisted That I Can't Meditate. Then I Changed My Mind
正念 Mindfulness
例如洗碗.
Breathing
- How to Practice Breath Retention. Breath retention is an incredibly effective tool to regulate mental chatter and improve concentration. When you are yearning for a new breath during a hold, you are devoting all concentration to this activity—training the mind to focus intensely on one thing at a time.
- 478呼吸法 1分鐘入睡 促進副交感神經興奮.
- 你懂怎麼正確呼吸嗎?方法不對恐傷身體
養生
孫思邈養生十三法
http://itcadc.org/doc/itca_taichi_library_exercise.pdf
子午覺
上午11時到下午1時之前是「心經循行的時間」,哪怕起得晚,吃了午飯後,也要小瞇一會兒,30分鐘即可,可以讓精力盡快恢復。子時是指晚上23時到凌晨1時之間,是「肝經循行時間」,晚上23時前就寢效果最好,可以減輕營養消耗,增加肝臟血流量,達到養肝的目的。緩解假日綜合症
冬季養身/預防感冒
香料 Spices
- Peppercorn: 胡椒子
- Clove: 丁香
- Cardamom: 荳蔻果實
- Fennel: 茴香
- Cinnamon: 肉桂
有些水果是不能空腹食用
How to look younger naturally
https://www.wikihow.com/Look-Younger-Naturally
喝茶 (tea) 的注意事項
- 祥寧中醫
- 喝茶6大注意事項
- 知識小寶庫-喝茶注意事項
- 關於飲茶的九大誤解
- 每杯茶的咖啡因含量一般只有每杯咖啡的一半
- 飯後別喝濃茶 茶有 大量單寧酸/鞣質/tannin (茶、咖啡中含有) 如果與蛋白質結合會產生單寧蛋白 在胃裡結塊 影響腸胃蠕動 單寧酸也會與鐵結合凝固 影響對鐵質吸收。 長久下來容易造成便秘與貧血問題。
- 吃飽後一小時再喝茶,而貧血的人也應避免長期喝茶。
- Chai tea 印度奶茶: Chai from India is a spiced milk tea. Benefits of Chai Tea. DIY Chai Tea Concentrate.
- 綠茶搭配阻力運動則可以提升肌肉量和降低體脂肪
飯後不宜
- 喝茶: wait 1 hour
- 吃水果: wait 1 hour
- 散步: wait 30 minutes
- 刷牙: wait 30 minutes
茶有六色 各具不同養生功效
https://1drv.ms/i/s!Am92ICmSSQXujH5qXPdE0wa44kYY
草酸,腎結石
常見的高草酸食物還包括巧克力、菠菜、核果與可樂,不宜過量攝取;吃太鹹,會增加尿液中的鈣含量,增加草酸鈣與磷酸鈣結石形成的風險。愛吃肉或愛吃高普林食物,如內臟、肉湯、海鮮、菇類等,也會增加尿中鈣與尿酸的排出量,增加腎結石發生機率。
預防腎結石,每日喝足量白開水是首要之務;飲食宜低鈉、低蛋白、低普林、低草酸;可增加點檸檬、柳橙的攝取量,檸檬酸會與鈣結合、減少尿中鈣離子濃度,也會與草酸鈣結晶結合,避免在體內形成結石。
茶鹼
Matcha
咖啡
喝咖啡的注意事項
- 每日最多只能喝下400毫克咖啡因 ~ 3 cups 沖濾咖啡 (七大速效提神法)。
- 维生素B缺乏者:生素B1可保持神经系统的平衡和稳定,而咖啡对其有破坏作用。维生素B群是维持肌肤光泽重要营养素。服用B群時,最好能與喝咖啡的時間間隔30分鐘到1小時,較為恰當,並選擇食用長時間基礎劑量與長時間釋放的「緩釋錠」,提供人體所需。
- 患高血压、冠心病、动脉硬化等疾病:长期或大量饮用咖啡,可引起心血管疾病。
- 老年妇女:咖啡会减少钙质、引起骨质疏松。妇女绝经后,每天需要加十倍的钙量。因此記得要多運動、補充鈣質食物如小魚乾、牛奶、綠色蔬菜、乳酪或鈣片等以免鈣質流失。
- 胃病患者:喝咖啡过量可引起胃病恶化。
- 孕妇:饮过量咖啡,可导致胎儿畸形或流产。另外咖啡因會興奮兒童中樞神經系統、干擾兒童的記憶,因此兒童不要喝比較好。
- 癌症患者:饮用过量的咖啡对正常人有致癌的危险。
- 喝茶和咖啡會影響鐵質吸收?
最好是飯後20分鐘左右再飲用會較好。 避免在睡前3~5小時飲用。 咖啡的提神效果可維持5到6小時。
如果飯前或飯後1小時喝,則會降低人體對鐵質的吸收能力.
肉類 魚貝類 有些蔬菜(紅莧菜 紫菜) 豆類(紅豆 綠豆 黃豆 豆干 芝麻 腰果 菱角) 含鐵. 補充維他命C可以提高鐵質吸收.
鐵蛋白正常值 20~291 ug/L.
半衰期
https://www.top1health.com/Article/302/52300
咖啡因在攝取後45分鐘內會被胃腸吸收,咖啡因的半衰期,即身體轉化所攝取咖啡因的一半量所用的時間,會因為年齡、肝功能、是否有使用藥物,以及肝臟中與咖啡因代謝有關的酶的數量等有關。
一個健康成人的咖啡因的半衰期大約是3-4個小時,若有在口服避孕藥物的女性體內則延長至5-10個小時,在已懷孕的女性體內則大概為9-11個小時。吸菸會縮短咖啡因的半衰期,有肝臟疾病時,咖啡因會累積,半衰期延長至96個小時。
How much is too much
For the average person, it would be advised to keep caffeine consumption below 300~500 milligrams.
- Black coffee (coffee without sugar nor milk) 65-120 mg.
- Espresso 30-60 mg.
- Latte or cappuccino 100-120 mg.
- Energy drinks 80-100 mg.
- Tea 10-50 mg.
Health
- 喝咖啡可能就是你變胖的關鍵
- 只要200毫克的咖啡因就能讓體內的「壓力賀爾蒙」皮質醇水平增加30%,並持續18小時,
- 當皮質醇一天週期變化越來越小,曲線高低越來越不明顯,代表下視丘(HPA axis)的調節功能漸漸老化、衰退,此時消化、免疫系統、情緒、性行為,能量儲存和消耗就會變差。
- 腹部的脂肪組織比身體其它部位有更多的皮質醇接收器,所以腹部更容易變胖、變大,
- 加上過多的內臟脂肪會刺激腫瘤壞死因子過度分泌,接著壞死因子再進一步刺激下視丘,相互刺激之下,就會進入肥胖的惡性循環。
- Can Coffee Make Your Workout Easier?
- 咖啡怎樣喝才能減肥
- 喝咖啡暖身 手腳恐更冷 咖啡因會導致血管收縮,血流變少,恐加重離心臟較遠四肢冰冷的感覺。
- 專家爆「3種咖啡」熱量秘辛 點錯竟差13倍 拿鐵和卡布奇諾,都是由濃縮咖啡(espresso)
- 美式咖啡(熱):9大卡/杯. 因不含糖及其他調味料,熱量較其他咖啡低了許多;咖啡因含量則是101-200毫克。
- 拿鐵(熱):152大卡/杯. 拿鐵咖啡裡,牛奶才是主角,其標準比例是1/6濃縮咖啡、4/6蒸氣牛奶、1/6奶泡,另外可以再添加榛果、肉桂、香草等不同風味;咖啡因:101-200毫克。
- 卡布奇諾:115大卡/杯. 卡布奇諾,咖啡是主角,和拿鐵的不同之處就在於牛奶的量,其標準比例是均勻的三等份:1/3濃縮咖啡、1/3蒸氣牛奶、1/3奶泡;咖啡因含量同為101-200毫克。
Roasts
- Coffee Roasts from Light to Dark
- https://www.starbucks.com/coffee/blonde.
- Light/Blonde roasts have a toasted grain taste and pronounced acidity. Light roasts also retain most of the caffeine from the coffee bean.
- https://www.starbucks.com/coffee/medium.
- Medium roasts lack the grainy taste of the light roasts, exhibiting more balanced flavor, aroma, and acidity.
- https://www.starbucks.com/coffee/dark.
- Dark roasts will generally have a bitter and smoky or even burnt taste.
- The amount of caffeine is substantially decreased.
- Sumatra is bitter from my taste.
- Some of the more popular designations for a dark roast include French Roast, Italian Roast, Espresso Roast, Continental Roast, New Orleans Roast, and Spanish Roast. Many dark roasts are used for espresso blends.
鹽
吃鹽導致脫水, 缺鹽的危害
https://1drv.ms/u/s!Am92ICmSSQXujWgqNGi9Z94iBSsG
補腎瀉熱的鹽
https://1drv.ms/i/s!Am92ICmSSQXujH1lKsDRQS0WGg8M
常吃味增反倒不易高血壓
https://1drv.ms/u/s!Am92ICmSSQXujWrYo-FqF2-0lmp-
蜂蜜 Honey
10 Proven Manuka Honey Uses & Benefits
- Acid Reflux
- Acne and Eczema
- Staph Infections
- Burns, Wounds & Ulcers
- Tooth Decay & Gingivitis
- intestinal inflammation and pain
- Sore Throats and Immunity
- Allergies and Sinusitis
- boosts energy
- Improves Sleep
Sore throat
Sore Throat Remedies: 16 Natural Gargles
- (gargles) mixing 1⁄4 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water
- Mix 1 teaspoon lemon juice in 1 cup water for this home remedy for sore throats
- Green tea
- Tomato juice
- Echinacea and water
- Raspberry tea
洛神花 玫瑰茄 Hibiscus sabdariffa
含有
- 類黃酮青素 flavonoids
- 兒茶酸 protocatechuic acid
- 花青素 anthocyanidins
- 異黃酮青素 isoflavonoids
功能
- 清熱解渴
- 降血壓 減緩血管硬化
- 去油酯 降血脂肪
- 增強胃功能
- 抗發炎
每天不超過200 cc. 100g 洛神花 + 1000 cc 水.
植物
Chocolate
Health
草酸
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalic_acid
竹筍富含草酸 不宜搭配豆腐同食 以免形成草酸鈣 草酸鈣過多形成結石.
Detox
Instant Noodle
鍋子
Nonstick pan, Teflon, Ceramic (teflon-free)
Aluminum cookware
- Pros: Anodized aluminum pots and pans are lightweight, resist denting and scratching, don't rust and are excellent thermal conductors of heat
- Cons: Raw aluminum (as opposed to anodized) is reactive to alkaline and acidic ingredients (tomatoes, leafy vegetables and citrus) and prone to warping and scratching. It can also discolor certain foods (such as white sauces). Fortunately most aluminum pots and pans are treated with a coating of aluminum oxide, which vastly improves the cooking properties.
Cast-iron cookware
- Pros: Great for simmering and browning, cast iron imbues years of flavor into every meal. It's inexpensive, won't warp, conducts heat very well and, if seasoned well, has a relatively nonstick surface. You can also easily go from stovetop to oven.
- Cons: It's heavy, reactive, high-maintenance and not suited for all food. It also isn't recommended for ceramic-glass cooktops. It's worth noting that cast iron leaches — surprise — iron into your food. Many people consider this a benefit, but unexpected metal in the diet can be dangerous for certain people.
- Pros
- Toxic Free. It does not use PFAS or PFOA.
- Non stick, easy to clean
- Cons
- Short Lifespan. The durability of the non stick ceramic coating.
- Low To Medium Heat Only. High heat can damage the coating.
Ref:
- http://blessedbeyondcrazy.com/pros-and-cons-of-various-cookware/
- Don't Buy New Cookware Until You Know All the Details About Each Kind First
- You Need a Nonstick Pan, But It Doesn't Need to Be Expensive
不銹鋼保温杯
304 or 18/8 (18 是鉻含量,8 是鎳含量) 鎳含量較高較不會受酸性物質腐蝕。
Cast Iron
- 10 Things to Know About Your New Cast Iron Skillet
- 5種食物-別用鑄鐵鍋烹調 - 番茄醬汁, 紅酒燉肉, 歐姆蛋(煎蛋捲),肉質細緻的魚, 煮鹹食又做甜點.
珐瑯鑄鐵鍋 Enameled Cast Iron
How To Clean Burnt Pots & Scorched Pans
- http://www.thekitchn.com/you-can-clean-a-scorched-pot-with-a-dryer-sheet-251229
- Put a few drops of dish soap in the pan.
- Added a few inches of hot (not scalding but pretty hot) water.
- Added a dryer sheet to the water (I pushed it down so it was completely underneath the water).
- Set my timer for an hour.
- Top 10 Things to Clean in the Kitchen with a Box of Baking Soda
- http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/how-to-clean-burnt-pots-scorched-pans-140547
Cooktop/Ranges/Stove
- Cooktop and Wall Oven Buying Guide & Cooktop buying guide
- Electric coil
- Electric ceramic
- Induction
- Gas regular
- Gas downdraft
- 電磁爐/Induction cooking
- Pros and Cons of Induction Cooktops and Ranges
- Aluminum is non-ferrous, no iron content, which is needed for induction ranges to work. See Q&A from https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B071ZFZ8TY
- With induction cooktops you only get heat where it’s needed; in the pan and not on the cooktop surface! See inductionselect
Electric range
Anodized Aluminum Cookware
- Is Anodized Aluminum Cookware Considered Safe Cookware?
- Is anodized aluminum cookware better than non-anodized?
Cook meat
真空低温烹调法/舒肥法 Sous Vide
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sous-vide
Fingers and Health
Brain tumor
cancer.net and statistics.
Foods to increase circulaion
If You’ve Included These 8 Foods In Your Diet, You’re Having Good Circulation
癌症 Cancer
食物
- 抗癌: 番茄紅素 綠色蔬菜 蔥蒜 素食 辛香料
- 致癌: 黃麴黴 aflatoxin, 苯並芘 Benzopyrene, 亞硝胺 Nitrosamine. 丙烯醯胺
Different stage of cancer
See http://seer.cancer.gov/cgi-bin/glossary/glossary.pl
- In situ cancer is early cancer that is present only in the layer of cells in which it began.
- Localized cancer is cancer that is limited to the organ in which it began, without evidence of spread.
- Regional cancer is cancer that has spread beyond the original (primary) site to nearby lymph nodes or organs and tissues.
- Distant cancer is cancer that has spread from the primary site to distant organs or distant lymph nodes.
- Unstaged cancer is cancer for which there is not enough information to indicate a stage.
化疗(chemotherapy)和放疗(radiation therapy)
Neoadjuvant therapy
(cancer.gov) Treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main treatment, which is usually surgery, is given. Examples of neoadjuvant therapy include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. It is a type of induction therapy.
Adjuvant therapy
(cancer.gov) Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer will come back. Adjuvant therapy may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or biological therapy.
Immunotherapy
- As we age, cancer rates go up as immune system winds down
- CAR T-cell - Engineering Patients’ Immune Cells to Treat Their Cancers
Genes
Related to cancer
- Most cancers are not caused by genetic mutations
- Most Cancers Caused Mainly By 'Bad Luck' Mutations: Johns Hopkins Study
- 罹癌天註定?營養醫學博士教你:3個方法扭轉癌基因: 努力減少生活環境中的危險因子,以避免觸發致癌基因,也可積極借助營養醫學進行個人化營養療法來調控基因,幫助遠離癌症。
Most notable genes present in the human genome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_human_genes
Tumor suppressor gene
Oncogene
Oncogenes are genes that promote cell growth and reproduction.
COSMIC/Catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer
Genes in news
- IRF4 gene and gray hair
- Single Gene Responsible for Group of Heart Disease Risk Factors and The Unexpected Way Genes Can Double Heart Disease Risk
- FDA Panel Recommends Approval of the First Gene Therapy Treatment
- FDA Approves DNA Test to Spot Cancer Genes — But With Warnings
- Astronaut's DNA no longer matches that of his identical twin, NASA finds
健康2.0世紀論壇
- 《防癌保胃戰》, Median overall survival months t0 is calculated P(T >= t0) =0.5. Patient-derived tumor xenografts
- 慢性胃炎、胃萎縮到胃癌… 三部曲要你命