Compiler

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Lexical Analysis

  if (i == j)
    z = 0;
  else
    z = 1;

is indeed below in computers

\tif (i == j)\n\t\tz = 0;\n\telse\n\t\tz = 1;

An implementation must do

  1. Recognize substrings corresponding to tokens
  2. Identify the token class of each lexeme

Token Class

Identifier, keywords, '(', ')', Numbers, ...

  • Token classes correspond to sets of strings.
  • Identifier: A1, Foo, B17
  • Integer: 0, 99
  • Keyword: 'else' or 'if' or 'begin' or ...
  • Whitespace: if___else

For the last code example, the tokens are: if, whitespace, (, i, == , j, \t, \n, else, z, =, 1, ;

                                 Token    
   string ---> Lexical Analysis -------> Parser

Regular Languages

Regular expressions specify regular languages.

Five constructs

  • Two base cases - empty and 1-character strings
  • Three compound expressions - union, concatenation, iteration.

Parsing

Semantic Analysis

Optimization

Code Generation

Resource

  • coursera.org