KVM: Difference between revisions

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* Guest additions: it seems QEUM/KVM does not have that to download.
* Guest additions: it seems QEUM/KVM does not have that to download.
** Share clipboard. [https://askubuntu.com/a/858650 How can I copy&paste from the host to a KVM guest?] '''sudo apt install spice-vdagent''' in the guest virtual machine. had to reboot guest to be able to make it work. It works.
** Share clipboard. [https://askubuntu.com/a/858650 How can I copy&paste from the host to a KVM guest?] '''sudo apt install spice-vdagent''' in the guest virtual machine. had to reboot guest to be able to make it work. It works.
** Display resolution. The display has a resolution 1024x768 (4:3). I can increase to 1600x900 (16:9) or even 1920x1080 (16:9). In the virtual machine window, I do 'View' -> 'Scale to Display' where I choose 'Always' and check the checkbox 'Auto resize VM with window'. It did increase the resolution. See also the command line method: [https://superuser.com/a/169243 How to increase the visualized screen resolution on QEMU / KVM?]
** Display resolution. The display has a resolution 1024x768 (4:3). I can increase to 1600x900 (16:9) or even 1920x1080 (16:9) in the guest machine. In the virtual machine window, I do 'View' -> 'Scale to Display' where I choose 'Always' and check the checkbox 'Auto resize VM with window'. It did increase the resolution. See also the command line method: [https://superuser.com/a/169243 How to increase the visualized screen resolution on QEMU / KVM?]
** Share files
** Share files
*** [https://cialu.net/qemu-kvm-on-ubuntu-and-sharing-files-between-host-and-guests/ QEMU/KVM on Ubuntu and sharing files between host and guests]. It works. Modify/create a file '''/etc/rc.local''' file to automount the folder at each login. Note the share folder still belongs to the user's group. So we can actually create a soft link for this folder on the host.
*** [https://cialu.net/qemu-kvm-on-ubuntu-and-sharing-files-between-host-and-guests/ QEMU/KVM on Ubuntu and sharing files between host and guests]. It works. Modify/create a file '''/etc/rc.local''' file to automount the folder at each login. Note the share folder still belongs to the user's group. So we can actually create a soft link for this folder on the host.

Revision as of 16:33, 22 December 2020

Resource

libvirt

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libvirt. libvirt is an open-source API, daemon and management tool for managing platform virtualization.[3] It can be used to manage KVM, Xen, VMware ESXi, QEMU and other virtualization technologies.
  • https://libvirt.org/
  • Check libvirt version: sudo head -n2 /var/log/libvirt/qemu/ubuntu2004.log # on Ubuntu 20.04 it shows 6.0.0

virt-install

virt-install examples | KVM virtualization commands cheatsheet 

$ virt-install --help | grep graphics
$ osinfo-query os 

$ sudo virt-install  -n ubuntu2004 --os-type=Linux  \
  --os-variant=ubuntu18.04  --ram=2096  --vcpus=2  \
  --disk size=20  \
  --network network=br0 \
  --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0  \
  --location Downloads/ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso

$ sudo virt-install --name=centos7server \
  --os-type=Linux \
  --os-variant=centos7.0 \
  --vcpu=2 --ram=2048 \
  --disk size=20 \
  --graphics vnc \
  --location=/tmp/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso

Bridge network

  • There are different ways to configure the network in Ubuntu.
    • If we are using a Ubuntu server, we will use the Netplan method.
    • If we are using a Ubuntu desktop, we will use the Network manager command line nmcli method or the GUI tool nm-connection-editor.
  • Use nmcli to add a bridge network and a bridge slave interface 
    sudo nmcli con add ifname br0 type bridge con-name br0
sudo nmcli con add ifname eno1 type bridge-slave master br0
  • Use nmcli to bring down a wired network and bring up a bridge network 
    sudo nmcli con down "Wired connection 1"
sudo nmcli con up br0
  • Use nmcli to delete unused bridge networks 
    sudo nmcli device show
sudo nmcli con show
sudo nmcli con del "br0"

Install

Install on Ubuntu

  • Virtualization - The Debian Administrator's Handbook
  • How to install KVM on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Headless Server from cyberciti
  • Simple Virtualization With Ubuntu 16.04 Linux and KVM from linuxconfig
  • KVM virtualization on a home PC with Linux Mint
  • How to Install and Configure KVM on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Server. I skip step 4: Configure Network Bridge for KVM virtual Machines.
  • How to bring down br0 and delete it? After some messing up I need to delete br0. 
    sudo ip link set br0 down  # ifconfig command is not found anymore
sudo brctl delbr br0
  • Ubuntu 20.04 Essentials (book) → Creating an Ubuntu 20.04 KVM Networked Bridge Interface. It is based on a Ubuntu Desktop environment. The description is quite detailed. Have not tried yet!
  • How to Install KVM on Ubuntu 20.04 
    sudo apt install -y qemu qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon \
         libvirt-clients bridge-utils virt-manager
sudo systemctl status libvirtd
# enable it to start on boot 
sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
lsmod | grep -i kvm
ip a
# I got two new: virbr0, virbr0-nic
# Click the superkey (Windows) and search/launch "Virtual Machine Manager"

    Click the "Create a new virtual machine" button will result in an error: No active connection to install on. Rebooting does not help. But when I use the command line to create a new VM it works (It seems sudo helps). 

    sudo virt-install --name=ubuntu2004 \
  --os-type=Linux \
  --os-variant=ubuntu20.04 \
  --vcpu=2 --ram=2048 \
  --graphics vnc \
  --location=ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso

    Add --network bridge:br0 if we have added a new bridge network (br0) in the host (eg using netplan or nmcli or nm-connection-editor GUI Tool in Ubuntu). See some resource below.

  • How to install KVM on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Headless Server.
    • IP 192.168.2.25 is the new static IP for the bridge network (not virtual machine) and 192.168.2.254 is the gateway current ethernet is using.
    • Note according to How to add network bridge with nmcli (NetworkManager) on Linux, WiFi is not possible. It only works with Ethernet. Confirmed! The bridge network can be pinged from another computer.
    • How to create wireless bridge connection with nmcli. Ans: This is not possible.
    • I follow this How to add network bridge with nmcli (NetworkManager) on Linux disable STP, turn off “Wired connection 1” and turn on br0.
    • Question: Do I need to turn off "Wired connection 1". It will lose the original host's static IP. The new bridge IP will become the host's IP. The guest machine still obtain a new IP via DHCP. This is not what I expect?
    • Before turn off “Wired connection 1” and turn on br0: 
      $ nmcli connection show --active
NAME                UUID   TYPE      DEVICE  
Wired connection 1  XXX    ethernet  eno1    
docker0             XXX    bridge    docker0 
virbr0              XXX    bridge    virbr0
    • After turn off “Wired connection 1” and turn on br0: 
      $ nmcli connection show --active
NAME               UUID   TYPE      DEVICE  
br0                xxx    bridge    br0     
docker0            XXX    bridge    docker0 
virbr0             XXX    bridge    virbr0  
bridge-slave-eno1  XXX    ethernet  eno1    
vnet0              XXX    tun       vnet0
    • I am not able to use remmina to VNC to the bridge VM. Not sure if this is because my host OS is a desktop (not headless).
  • os-variant list in virt-install 
    $ osinfo-query os

VNC

  • KVM/QEMU 以 virt-install 指令建立虛擬機器、VNC 顯示畫面教學 
    sudo virt-install --virt-type kvm --name ubuntu1804 --ram 2048 
  --disk /home/seal/kvm/ubuntu1804.qcow2,format=qcow2 
  --network network=default 
  --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,password=YOUR_PASSWORD 
  --noautoconsole 
  --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntu17.10 
  --cdrom=/home/seal/Downloads/ubuntu-18.10-desktop-amd64.iso

virsh vncdisplay ubuntu1804 #  127.0.0.1:1
                            # pay attention to the port number
                            # :0  --> 5900 in ssh
                            # :1  --> 5901 in ssh
sudo ufw disable

# Another machine. 
# Suppose the host machine has an IP 192.168.0.3
ssh -NL 5901:localhost:5901 [email protected]
ssh -NL 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 [email protected]

vncviewer 127.0.0.1:1 # from a different machine

    NOTE: I have to use local port forwarding. If I try to directly connect to the VM in RealVNC, it will show The connection was refused by the computer. A limit by KVM?

The question is how do we know the client's IP? I guess cockpit method is better.

Web cockpit

sudo apt install cockpit cockpit-machines

Install qemu-system-arm in Ubuntu

  • sudo apt install qemu-system-arm
  • How to emulate Raspberry Pi in QEMU which is based on qemu-rpi-kernel-Qemu kernel for emulating Rpi on QEMU. 
    mkdir rpi-vm && cd rpi-vm
git clone https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel.git

# Download Raspbian Buster Lite
# from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspberry-pi-os/
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=4096 >> 2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img

sudo losetup -f -P --show 2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img

sudo mount -o rw /dev/loopXp2 /mnt

sudo nano /mnt/etc/fstab

sudo nano /etc/ld.so.preload # Comment out the line and save the file. 
# Then unmount with the following commands:
# sudo umount /mnt
# sudo losetup -d /dev/loopX

qemu-system-arm \
  -M versatilepb \
  -cpu arm1176 \
  -m 256 \
  -kernel qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu-4.19.50-buster \
  -hda 2020-08-20-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img \
  -append "dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 root=/dev/sda2 console=tty1 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline rootwait" \
  -dtb qemu-rpi-kernel/versatile-pb-buster.dtb \
  -no-reboot \
  -serial stdio

# We can install a desktop. See 
# https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=133691

Install on CentOS

Install using qcow2 image

snapshot

  • How to Create, Revert and Delete KVM Virtual machine (domain) snapshot with virsh command, How to create snapshot in Linux KVM VM/Domain 
    $ sudo su
# virsh list --all

# virsh snapshot-create-as --domain win10 --name win10_snap --description "Windows 10 snapshot"    # Create a snapshot
# virsh snapshot-list win10
# virsh snapshot-info --domain win10 --snapshotname win10_snap

# virsh snapshot-revert win10 win10_snap    # Restore

# virsh snapshot-delete --domain win10 --snapshotname win10_snap
  • To create a snapshot using the GUI, open virtualization manager window. In the VM properties, click on the icon (two displays overlapped) which is on the right of the menu, which says Manage VM snapshots.

Virtual Machine Manager/virt-manager, Cockpit

Tip: it may help to use mouse to click the installation screen to refresh the screen if we don't see the progress bar to progress.

Network

Back and restore images

How to KVM Backup and Restore in Linux 

# Backup 
virsh list --all
virsh dumpxml win10 > /MyBackup/win10.xml
sudo cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/win10.qcow2 /MyBackup/win10.qcow2
sudo chown $USER:$USER /MyBackup/*.qcow2

# Restore Making
sudo virsh undefine win10
ls -l /etc/libvirt/qemu
virsh list --all
sudo rm /var/lib/libvirt/images/win10.qcow2
sudo cp /MyBackup/win10.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/
sudo virsh define --file /MyBackup/win10.xml
# virsh start win10

Cheat sheet

KVM Cheatsheet

Run macOS on KVM / QEMU

How To run macOS on KVM / QEMU

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