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= Installation =
= Installation =
Make sure to use a class 10 (micro)SD card to avoid a hanging problem. This rule applies to other SoC device like [[Beaglebone]] and [[Udoo]].
== Download an image ==
== Download an image ==
The best way of using Raspberry Pi is being able to run multiboot; that is, we have a list of operating systems we can choose to boot.
The best way of using Raspberry Pi is being able to run multiboot; that is, we have a list of operating systems we can choose to boot.

Revision as of 08:50, 19 January 2015

Raspberry Pi

ARM architecture (armv6)

http://www.memetic.org/raspbian-benchmarking-armel-vs-armhf/

Miscellaneous

Displayport connection

Does not work if I use a hdmi to displayport converter. In general, 'step up' is not working but 'step down' is OK. See discussion.

Install minimal browser

http://c-mobberley.com/wordpress/index.php/2013/04/30/raspberry-pi-best-fastest-web-browser-for-gui-usage/

Note that at the end of sudo make install, it will create an item in the menu -> Internet. From the installation output, 

sudo install -g dialout web /usr/bin
sudo install -g audio piradio /usr/local/bin
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/piradio
sudo cp ./web.desktop /usr/share/applications
sudo cp ./minimalwebbrowser.png /usr/share/pixmaps
sudo cp ./web.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1
sudo cp ./web-omxplayer.sh /usr/local/bin
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/web-omxplayer.sh

Assign .local domain to Raspberry Pi

Avahi Daemon = Bonjour = Zeroconf = UDP multicast

http://www.howtogeek.com/167190/how-and-why-to-assign-the-.local-domain-to-your-raspberry-pi/

So I can use ssh [email protected] to access RPi. 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon
ping raspberrypi.local # from other machines or even Raspi itself

The idea was first discovered in Beaglebone.

RCA video output resolution

http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=29&t=47527

Memory

When I use 'free -m' or 'htop' command in Raspbian, I see the total memory size only 373MB (Beaglebone black shows 496MB in htop). The reason is Raspbian reserved 128MB for GPU. See 

cat /boot/config.txt

Installation

Make sure to use a class 10 (micro)SD card to avoid a hanging problem. This rule applies to other SoC device like Beaglebone and Udoo.

Download an image

The best way of using Raspberry Pi is being able to run multiboot; that is, we have a list of operating systems we can choose to boot.

Install an image to a SD card

For example, if I want to install coder, I first download/uncompress the file. Then from the linux command line (assume microSD card is on /dev/sdc) 

sudo umount /dev/sdc*
sudo dd bs=4M if=Downloads/coder_v0.4/raspi.img of=/dev/sdc
sudo sync

If I want to watch the progress, I can open another terminal and issue 

sudo pkill -USR1 -n -x dd

Remote desktop

Connection to Raspberry Pi with tightvnc

http://www.howtogeek.com/141157/how-to-configure-your-raspberry-pi-for-remote-shell-desktop-and-file-transfer/2/ 

# Server side
sudo apt-get install tightvncserver
# This will ask for a password which can be only of length 8.
tightvncserver
vncserver 
vncserver –kill :1

# Client side
xtightvncviewer 10.42.0.37:1

To start the tightvnc automatically when boot up, check out http://www.penguintutor.com/linux/tightvnc or my note on BBB.

Connection from Raspberry Pi to Ubuntu

Follow the instruction and install xtightvncviewer using sudo apt-get and it works. To run the vnc client, just type 'xtightvncviewer' on the terminal.

Another instruction of using tightvnc is at http://www.penguintutor.com/linux/tightvnc.

I have successfully to follow the instruction at http://www.hiddentao.com/archives/2013/09/17/setting-up-tightvnc-on-ubuntu-12-04/ to connect to Ubuntu 12.04 (Unity desktop) from Xubuntu. After launching the following line in my local machine 

ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 [email protected]

I open another terminal window and type the following in my local machine 

xtightvncviewer localhost:5901

the Ubuntu desktop appears on my local machine.

Connection from Raspberry Pi to Windows (RDP) with freerdp or rdesktop

The idea is to use Raspberry Pi as a thin client. For example, I can open two remote desktop connections to two separate Windows VMs and the RPi is still quite free in terms of its resource.

http://blog.pi3g.com/2013/04/use-windows-remote-desktop-on-the-raspberry-pi/

Method 1 Use xfreerdp program. Use Ctrl+Alt+Enter to toggle between full and regular screen. Non-full-screen-mode is useful if we want to monitor the RPi resource usage while we are using the remote desktop connection. 

1. Open a root terminal. Run
apt-get update
apt-get install freerdp
2. Open a regular terminal. Run
xfreerdp -u brb -x l -z 192.168.1.4

Method 2 We can also use rdesktop program. rdesktop is a free, open source client for Microsoft's proprietary RDP protocol. See wiki.archlinux.org for more tips and tricks about rdesktop. 

1. Open a root terminal and run
apt-get update
apt-get install rdesktop
2. Open a regular terminal and run (-f means full screen. Or we can use -g 1280x700 to specify the display resolution)
rdesktop -f -u brb 192.168.1.4

Method 3 There is also an interesting project called RPi-TC/Raspberry Pi Thin Client project. I have not tried it yet.

Raspbian package repository

http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/pool/main/r/r-base/

LXDE (same as Lubuntu) X11 desktop environment used by Raspbian OS

Screenshots

Quick launch bar

To add lxterminal to quick launch bar, 

Right click any empty space on taskbar
-> Panel Setting
-> Panel Preferences
-> Panel Applets
-> Application launch bar & Edit
-> Accessories & lxterminal

We can use the same procedure to add Midori to the quick launch bar.

Keyboard shortcut

The shortcuts are defined in the file ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml

For example,

  • open the lxpanelctl menu, click Ctrl + ESC.
  • open launch an application, click Windows + r.
  • Toggle full screen, Alt + F11.
  • Launch task manager, Ctrl + Alt + Del.

Get internet by sharing the internet from another machine

  • https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Internet_Share
  • static iP. Set up host eth0 IP and then set up RPi IP:
    • In Windows, allow Internet sharing. An IP of 192.168.0.2 will be automatically assigned to the Laptop's network card. Make static IP of 192.168.0.2 in Rasp Pi. Enter subnet mask and gateway (192.168.0.1). Also make an entry in /etc/resolv.conf with nameserver=192.168.0.1. Reboot and Rasp Pi will get Net all right.
    • In Linux, An IP of 10.42.0.37 will be assigned to eth0 card. Make static IP of 10.42.0.37 in Rasp Pi. Enter subset mask and gateway (10.42.0.1). Also make an entry in /etc/resolv.conf with nameserver=10.42.0.1. Reboot and Rasp Pi will get Net all right.
    • Other thoughts:
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.100.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.100.0
broadcast 192.168.100.255
gateway 192.168.100.254

The gateway is important and in most cases will always point to your firewalls, switch or routers IP address.

In my current setting, the host machine's eth0 has IP 10.42.0.1 (inet addr). The RPi has IP 10.42.0.37 and gateway 10.42.0.1. 

$ netstat -rn
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.1.1     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 wlan0
10.42.0.0       0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 wlan0
192.168.1.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 wlan0

And /etc/resolv.conf may be worth to be changed too. /etc/hostname and /etc/hosts are unnecessary.

An example of /etc/resolv.conf (set up linux DNS) shown from my RPi is 

nameserver 10.42.0.1

But maybe another choice is nameserver 8.8.8.8.

Some tools for discovering the IPs in a network include Fing (iOS/Android) or Scapy (python).

IP scan tools

  • fing (ios, android, linux, windows). Command line usage
sudo fing -n 192.168.1.1/24

where /24 means 'network prefix' size 24 bits. Check wikipedia classless inter domain routing. For example, CIDR notation 192.168.100.0/24 would be equivalent to 192.168.100.0/255.255.255.0.

  • Angry ip scanner cross platform. open source. Basic knowledge on internet protocol. However, it is slow and show all instead of found ip's.
  • netbios. It does not discover linux boxes, however.

Clustering with 2 Pis

This Linux Journal article teaches how to run GlusterFS Server on two Raspberry Pis. This is also called redundant filesystem. So if one Pi is down, the other keeps the system up.

Qt on Raspberry Pi

Check out https://qt-project.org/wiki/Qt-RaspberryPi

Native build Qt

http://qt-project.org/wiki/Native_Build_of_Qt5_on_a_Raspberry_Pi

Qt-Creator

http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=43545

GPIO experiments

Connect to console using TTL/Serial cable

I purchased the TTL cable through dealextream.com. The RaspPi is power by the microUSB (Or we can use the 5V pin on TTL module to connect to 5V on RaspPi. If I try to use 3.3V pin on TTL module to connect to either 3.3V or 5V on RaspPi, it does not work). The connection is done by 

   RaspPi    TTL
   =========
   5V          5V
   GND       GND
   TX (14)   RX
   RX (15)   TX

Note that it takes 45 seconds for the screen to respond when I tested it using Putty. The ACT and PWR lights should be on. The tuturial on adafruit is helpful.

Ftdi2ttlRaspPi.png

C libraries

GPIO layout

The following picture was taken from www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk

Raspberry-Pi-GPIO-Layout-Revision-2.png

The following cheatsheet was taken from http://raspi.tv/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/raspberry-pi-gpio-cheat-sheet.jpg

Raspberry-pi-gpio-cheat-sheet.jpg

WebIOPi

WebIOPi is a REST framework and a webapp which allows you to control Raspberry Pi's GPIO. It does not require apache to be installed. So we can use web browser from Android to control the GPIO in Raspbery Pi ... Another choice is Web.py.

Run Python using webiopi module 

sudo python -m webiopi 8000

Start/stop the background service 

sudo /etc/init.d/webiopi start
sudo /etc/init.d/webiopi end

Start webiopi at startup: 

sudo update-rc.d webiopi defaults

Note that we shall browse to http://localhost:8000/ instead of http://localhost:8000/webiopi. If something is still wrong, use a different port. The default user is "webiopi" and password is "raspberry".

It seems the code is still not stable. I kept getting a message "Error response" Error code 404. Message: Not Found. Error code explanation: 404 = Nothing matches the given URI.

Web.py

See the article The Python Pit - drive your Raspberry Pi with a mobile phone in http://www.themagpi.com/en/issue/9.

Circuit and Electronics

Blink a single LED

I follow the instruction in https://projects.drogon.net/raspberry-pi/gpio-examples/tux-crossing/gpio-examples-1-a-single-led/ to install gpio program/library in raspberry pi. Here is the result

  • without PI cobbler: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWJZRK4W13Q
  • with PI cobbler: see the picture below. The soldering part is not easy for a beginner. Be sure to follow some instruction on youtube videos to begin with. Note that the white stripe is on the edge closest to the SD card.

SingleLED.jpg 

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO  
import time  
# blinking function  
def blink(pin):  
        GPIO.output(pin,GPIO.HIGH)  
        time.sleep(1)  
        GPIO.output(pin,GPIO.LOW)  
        time.sleep(1)  
        return  
# to use Raspberry Pi board pin numbers  
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)  
# set up GPIO output channel  
GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.OUT)  
# blink GPIO17 50 times  
for i in range(0,50):  
        blink(11)  
GPIO.cleanup()
  • Google: raspberry pi python led

16x2 LCD

http://learn.adafruit.com/drive-a-16x2-lcd-directly-with-a-raspberry-pi. The '16x2' LCD means it can show 16 characters per row and there are 2 rows in total. Each character consists of 8x5 (height x width) dots.

RpyLCD.jpg

8x8 Matrix LED Backpack (I2C)

http://learn.adafruit.com/matrix-7-segment-led-backpack-with-the-raspberry-pi/overview

MatrixLED.jpg

Another more versatile output from the 8x8 matrix is by using C program. See Mark Williams blog.

I also create a version of launching LED using R. See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwoWrPp6_iw.

IR Remote with XBMC

http://learn.adafruit.com/using-an-ir-remote-with-a-raspberry-pi-media-center

Stepper motor

Ryanteck Budget Robotics Kit

https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/ryanteck-budget-robotics-kit-for-raspberry-pi

The software control is based on Spacebrew

HummingBird robot

http://www.hummingbirdkit.com/learning/tutorials/raspberry-pi

Power Raspberry Pi by AA batteries

http://www.raspberrypi-spy.co.uk/2013/04/raspberry-pi-aa-battery-shoot-out/

This also teaches to know how long the battery will die by using Putty and linux command 

watch -n 60 uptime

Use a Simple Button to Control LED

http://raspi.tv/2013/rpi-gpio-basics-6-using-inputs-and-outputs-together-with-rpi-gpio-pull-ups-and-pull-downs

The following site has some elaboration about 'pull down' of resistors. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/robot/buttons_and_switches/

Using a servo motor, PWM

http://learn.adafruit.com/adafruits-raspberry-pi-lesson-8-using-a-servo-motor?view=all

LED dimming using software PWM (pulse-width modulation)

http://raspi.tv/2013/how-to-use-soft-pwm-in-rpi-gpio-pt-2-led-dimming-and-motor-speed-control

Reading analog input using external ADC (analog to digital converter) MCP3008

http://learn.adafruit.com/reading-a-analog-in-and-controlling-audio-volume-with-the-raspberry-pi/overview

MCP23017 GPIO expander (extra 16 pins)

Serial Peripheral interface (SPI)

http://www.brianhensley.net/2012/07/getting-spi-working-on-raspberry-pi.html

Other cool stuff

OpenCV

Wii Remote, bluetooth

Interfacing with a Wiimote

http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/robot/wiimote/

Robot control

Compile R from source

Tested on R 3.0.1

  • cd R-3.0.1
  • ./configure --with-recommended-packages=no
  • sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
  • nano src/library/tools/R/install.R and pass "perl = TRUE" to sub()
SHLIB_EXT <- sub(".*= ", "", grep("^SHLIB_EXT", mconf, value = TRUE), perl = TRUE)
SHLIB_LIBADD <- sub(".*= ", "", grep("^SHLIB_LIBADD", mconf, value = TRUE), perl = TRUE)

to get rid of the error gcc: error: SHLIB_LIBADD: No such file or directory.

  • make

Google Coder

PS. Code is based on node.js (shiny-server also depends on node.js).

http://pi.gadgetoid.com teaches us how to install Coder on a Raspberry Pi running on Raspbian. Note that Coder can turn Raspberry Pi into a web server. We can develop the code on a remote computer.

In fact, it is possible to run Code for Raspberry Pi on your own PC. Just run 7 lines of script at here. Note: My experience shows it is safe to use the version on Sep-17-2013; otherwise you'll get the following error when using 'nodejs server.js' 

$ nodejs server.js
no certificate found. generating self signed cert.

module.js:337
    throw new Error("Cannot find module '" + request + "'");
          ^
Error: Cannot find module '/home/pi/coder/coder-base/apps/auth/app'

So the successful steps to install coder on Ubuntu is

  1. download zip file from Sep-17-2013 tree
  2. cd coder-base; npm install
  3. modify 'config.js'
  4. launch it by 'node server.js'.

I don't have to use sudo when I use 'npm install' and 'node server.js'.

The password requirement for coder is at least 6 characters, at least one lower case and at least 2 upper cases or numbers.

Also, on Ubuntu it will complain the user 'pi' does not exist. So we shall do this 'sudo adduser pi' too. Pick the same password as we use in coder (eg Raspberry99).

Update: After I played with it, I found Coder does not let us work on more than one HTML, CSS or Javscript file. This makes the development more difficult.

Another choice is to run Cloud9 IDE on RPi. The Cloud 9 IDE was preinstalled on Beaglebone black/

Wolframe Mathematica

For some reason, the Mathematica is not shown on the menu (it only happened on self-installed version). We can start Mathematica from the command line 

/usr/bin/mathematica

We can try a 3D plot like seen in youtube 

Plot3D[Sin[x*y], {x,0,Pi}, {y,0,Pi}]

The following screenshot shows how to calculate the derivative of f(x)=sin(x)*exp(2x) using Wolfram.

  • Note that the language is case-sensitive. For example, sin[x] is not recognized and it should be Sin[x].
  • Wolfram language uses square brackets instead of parentheses for function's arguments.
  • See this page for Wolfram language & system documentation.
  • Another way is to type D[Sin[x] * Exp[2x], x]

WolframPi.png

Note that Mathematica is a GUI program so it is kind of slow when it is running on Raspberry Pi. The Wolfram program is a command line interface program so it is much faster although we can not do any plotting there.

Use RaspPi as Media Center

http://www.packtpub.com/raspberry-pi-media-center/book

Bitcoin Miner

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