Arch Linux

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Post installation

Arch Linux Post-Installation Essential Steps

Install/remove packages

How to Install and Remove Packages in Arch Linux

Pacman

  • https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman
  • http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/6934/package-management-strategy-with-pacman
  • Install openssh: pacman -Sy openssh where "-S" is the same as "--sync", synchronize packages. 
    sudo pacman -Sy openssh
sudo systemctl enable sshd
sudo systemctl start sshd
ps -ef | grep sshd
ip a
  • How to Update Arch Linux 
    sudo pacman -Syu
    • "-S": Sync (install packages)
    • "-y": Refresh package database
    • "-u": Upgrade all packages to latest versions

    Note: "sudo pacman -Sy" updates the package database but does not upgrade any packages — this can cause partial upgrades, which Arch specifically warns against. 

    # To update a specific package:
sudo pacman -S package_name

# To delete a package:
sudo pacman -R package-name
  • The command pacman -Sy synchronizes the package list with the master server. This server/client model also allows the user to download/install packages with a simple command, complete with all required dependencies1. However, it is important to note that when installing packages in Arch, you should avoid refreshing the package list without upgrading the system (for example, when a package is no longer found in the official repositories). In practice, do not run pacman -Sy package_name instead of pacman -Syu package_name, as this could lead to dependency issues. See pacman.
  • Creating packages
  • How to open a PKG.TAR.ZST file 
    sudo pacman -U YourPackageName.pkg.tar.zst

pacman command

  • https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman
  • https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Tips_and_tricks
  • cheat sheet
  • The Ultimate Guide to Pacman Commands on Arch Linux
  • Do we normally need to add sudo beforec running pacman?
    • Yes, you normally need to use sudo when running pacman commands that modify the system, such as installing, updating, or removing packages. This is because these actions require administrative privileges.
    • For example, to update your system using pacman, you would run the command sudo pacman -Syu. Similarly, to install a package, you would use the command sudo pacman -S package_name.
    • However, some pacman commands do not require administrative privileges and can be run without sudo. For example, you can use the pacman -Q command to view information about installed packages without using sudo.
  • To view a list of all explicitly installed packages (i.e., packages that were not installed as dependencies) 
    pacman -Qe

    To view a list of all installed packages from the AUR, you can use the command pacman -Qm

  • display information such as the package version, description, dependencies, and more 
    pacman -Qi r
  • display a list of all files installed by the package 
    pacman -Ql r
  • How do I update packages installed by pacman? 
    pacman -Syu

pacman -Syyu

  • The double yy forces a complete re-download of all package databases, even if they appear to be up-to-date locally. It essentially ignores the timestamps and just fetches fresh copies of everything.
  • When to use pacman -Syyu:
    • After changing your mirrorlist: If you've modified /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist to use different mirrors, forcing a database refresh (-yy) ensures that pacman is using the package lists from your newly configured mirrors, not cached ones from the old mirrors.
    • When you suspect database corruption: If you're experiencing strange issues with pacman (e.g., packages not found, inconsistent updates), a forced refresh can sometimes resolve underlying database problems.
    • After an extended period without updates: If your system hasn't been updated for a very long time (e.g., several months), using -Syyu can be a safer approach to ensure all database information is completely fresh before a large upgrade.
  • pacman -Syu: The standard and recommended daily/frequent update. It's efficient and only downloads what's new.

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Package cache

How to Clean the Package Cache in Arch Linux

Install DEB packages

How to Install DEB Packages in Arch Linux

AUR

  • https://aur.archlinux.org/packages
  • Enabling AUR Support in Pamac (GUI):
    1. Open Add/Remove Software (Pamac).
    2. Click the three dots (or the "hamburger" menu) in the top right corner and select Preferences.
    3. Go to the Third Party tab.
    4. Enable AUR Support by toggling the switch.

yay

  • yay is an AUR helper that depends on pacman. It uses pacman to manage and resolve dependencies for packages installed from the AUR. yay also uses the pacman configuration file (/etc/pacman.conf) and shares the local package database with pacman.
  • htps://aur.archlinux.org/packages/yay, https://github.com/Jguer/yay
  • AUR helpers which includes yay
  • How to Install and Use yay on Arch Linux
  • yay builds packages as your user (non-root). You shouldn't run yay with sudo.
  • When using yay (or any AUR helper), most AUR packages are built from source, so you'll need some essential build tools pre-installed.
  • Example of install tabby 
    sudo pacman -S yay
sudo pacman -S --needed base-devel

yay -S tabby  # install the package. It worked after a while

yay -R package_name  # remove the package
yay -Rns package_name # delete a package with its dependencies
yay -Sua  # Upgrading (only) the AUR packages

System update

$ grep installed /var/log/pacman.log
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed xf86-video-vmware (13.3.0-2)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed linux510-virtualbox-guest-modules (6.1.18-18)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed virtualbox-guest-utils (6.1.18-2)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed libdnet (1.12-13)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed libmspack (1:0.10.1alpha-3)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed uriparser (0.9.4-1)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed gdk-pixbuf-xlib (2.40.2-1)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed open-vm-tools (6:11.2.5-2)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed xf86-input-vmmouse (13.1.0-5)
[2021-03-24T20:50:42-0400] [ALPM] installed spice-vdagent (0.21.0-1)
[2021-03-24T21:01:58-0400] [ALPM] installed r (4.0.4-1)
[2021-03-24T21:11:41-0400] [ALPM] installed tk (8.6.11.1-1)
...

# I update the whole system. R has been updated from 4.0.4 to 4.1.0

$ sudo pacman -Syu
$ grep "4.1.0" /var/log/pacman.log
[2021-07-31T11:54:02-0400] [ALPM] upgraded mpfr (4.1.0-1 -> 4.1.0-2)
[2021-07-31T11:55:33-0400] [ALPM] upgraded r (4.0.4-1 -> 4.1.0-1)

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