Drupal

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Composer

  • Composer is a dependency manager for PHP. Drupal core uses Composer to manage core dependencies like Symfony components and Guzzle.
    • PHP has to be installed. Use php -v to check your PHP version.
  • Using Composer with Drupal
  • You can use Composer to download and install Drupal core, as well as contributed modules, themes, and their third-party dependencies.
  • Composer can also be used to update Drupal and its dependencies.
  • List of composer commands
    • composer install: This command reads the composer.json file from the current directory, resolves the dependencies, and installs them into the vendor directory.
    • composer require: This command adds new packages to the composer.json file and installs them. For example, composer require drush/drush will install drush. We can use a similar command to install drupal.
    • composer update: This command updates the dependencies to their latest versions according to the composer.json file.
    • composer remove: This command removes packages from the composer.json file and reupdates the dependencies.
    • composer list: list all commands
    • composer self-update.

Install Drupal

  • Installing Drupal, Drush and Console - from the course of Linux for PHP developers (linkedin), although this is not a recommended installation way of WordPress and Drupal.

DDEV and PHP

  • DDEV is an open-source tool that makes it simple to set up local PHP development environments within minutes. It’s often used for Drupal development, and it has built-in support for Drush, the command-line utility and scripting interface for Drupal.
  • https://www.drupal.org/ddev. DDEV builds the DDEV-Local tool, which helps PHP developers remove the complexity of local containerized development across operating systems and hosting providers.
  • The software support Mac, Windows, Linux and Cloud.
    • Gitpod for cloud deployment. The free plan has some limitations per month.
  • https://github.com/ddev/ddev
  • DDEV and Drush
    • Drush commands in DDEV: ddev exec drush --version
    • Drush Use with DDEV: drush site:set
    • Environment Variables in DDEV: you can set an environment variable in your .ddev/config.yaml
    • Performance Improvements
  • DDEV and Composer
    • DDEV has built-in Composer commands
    • Commands: DDEV provides the ddev composer and ddev composer create commands. These run Composer inside the container.

Different CMS project types

Other than Drupal, it also supports other CMS and PHP frameworks such as WordPress, BackDrop, TYPO3, Magento, et al. See CMS Quickstarts for a list.

For Drupal 10, 

mkdir my-drupal10-site
cd my-drupal10-site
ddev config --project-type=drupal10 --docroot=web --create-docroot
ddev start
ddev composer create drupal/recommended-project
ddev composer require drush/drush
ddev drush site:install --account-name=admin --account-pass=admin -y
ddev drush uli
ddev launch

Drupal Local Development Guide

https://www.drupal.org/docs/official_docs/local-development-guide.

Drush

  • Drush, also known as the Drupal Shell, is a command-line utility and scripting interface for Drupal. It’s widely used in Drupal development and system administration. It’s recommended to use composer to install Drush inside your project.
    • Speeds up tasks: Drush can speed up installing, developing, debugging, and maintaining Drupal sites.
    • Generates boilerplate code: It’s capable of generating boilerplate code for custom developments.
    • Command-line interface: Rather than clicking through the admin interface to achieve something, you simply type in one command.
  • It’s recommended to use composer to install Drush inside your project. Local dev tools such as DDEV or Lando provide aliases to run Drush without path and from any directory.
  • Some drush commands 
    # Commands list
drush

# Help about a command
drush help cache:clear

# Help about a more detailed topic
drush topic [topic]

# Empty cache (The most used command)
drush cache:rebuild

# The same with an alias
drush cr

Upgrading DDEV

Upgrading DDEV. For Linux, we do 

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

Install

  • Installing Drupal with Docker Compose on Debian 10
  • How to Install Drupal with Docker on Ubuntu 22.04
  • How To Develop a Drupal 9 Website on Your Local Machine Using Docker and DDEV 2020/8. Installation looks fine but I got a message '400 Bad Request The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port' after I try to sign in. In fact, the operations still work. If I manually changed the URL from "http" to "https", it'll show the new results. 
    ddev list  
┌────────┬─────────┬──────────┬──────────────────────────┬─────────┐
│ NAME   │ STATUS  │ LOCATION │ URL                      │ TYPE    │
├────────┼─────────┼──────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ d9test │ OK      │ ~/d9test │ https://d9test.ddev.site │ drupal9 │
├────────┼─────────┼──────────┼──────────────────────────┼─────────┤
│ Router │ healthy │ ~/.ddev  │ http://127.0.0.1:10999   │ traefik │
└────────┴─────────┴──────────┴──────────────────────────┴─────────┘
  • Bitnami package for Drupal. The username/password is user/bitnami. It worked.
  • Dockerize Drupal with Ddev

Videos (youtube: ddev drupal)

Upgrade

User Guide

User Guide

  • Chapter 4. Basic Site Configuration
    • Administrative Overview -> Contextual links (module). It is a pencil icon.
    • Edit basic site info
    • Install/uninstall modules
    • Configure user account settings
    • Configure the theme
  • Chapter 5. Basic Page Management
    • URL, Path, Alias. If you have an "About Us" page with the path node/7, you can set up an alias so that your visitors will see it as http://www.example.com/AboutUs.
    • Create a content item
    • Designate a front page
    • In-place editor
    • Menu. Menus are a collection of links used to navigate a website. A menu link will only be shown to a visitor if they have the rights to view the page it links to. For example, the admin menu link is not shown to visitors who are not logged in.
    • Add a page to the navigation (top-right corner, default is 'Home', My Account, Log out)
    • Change the order of navigation
  • Chapter 6. Setting Up Content Structure
    • Add/delete a content type (Vendor, Recipe). Structure -> Content types.
    • Add basic fields to a content type (Label = 'Vendor URL', 'Main image')
    • Concept: Reference fields
    • Concept: Taxonomy (tags)
    • Setting up a Taxonomy (Structure -> Taxonomy). Add 'Ingredients' as the vocabulary name. Then add a Term with the name 'Butter'. After that, add more terms: Eggs, Milk.
      • Structure > Content Types -> Recipe. Add a new field "Ingredients" (existing ones are "Main image" & "Vendor URL").
    • Add a reference field. Structure > Content types -> Recipe -> Add field "Submitted by".
    • Concept: Forms and widgets
    • Content entry forms. Structure > Content types -> Recipe -> Manage form display.
    • Concept: View modes and formatters
    • Change content display. Structure > Content types -> Vendor -> Manage display.
    • Concept: Image styles
    • Set up an image styles. Configuration > Media > Image styles.
      • Structure > Content types -> Vendor -> Manage display page. Main image -> Gear wheel 0> Image style. Open a Vendor content item (e.g. Sweet Honey or Happy Farm) and verify that it now shows up with the scaled-down image (it works).
    • Responsive image styles
    • Concept: Text formats and Editors
    • Configuring Text Formats and Editors. Configuration > Content authoring > Text formats and editors.
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