Jetson

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General information

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4GB vs 2GB

Comparison between Jetson Nano 2GB and Jetson Nano 4GB

ARMv8, ARMv9

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture_family
  • ARMv8 is an ARM instruction set architecture announced in 2011. It brought a large number of fundamental changes to the instruction set, including the introduction of 64-bit operating capabilities. ARMv8 architecture uses two execution states, AArch32 and AArch64. As the names imply, one is for running 32-bit code and one for 64-bit.
  • After ARMv8, which was introduced in 2011, ARM introduced ARMv9 architecture.
  • According to ARM, some of the major new features of the ARMv9-A architecture include Realm Management Extension (RME) and Embedded Trace Extension (ETE) and Trace Buffer Extension (TRBE).
  • Apple M1 chip or M2 chip is based on ARMv8.5-A instruction set architecture.

Images

Vs Raspberry Pi 4

  • The two motherboard are similar:new Raspberry Pi has the same arch and almost the same processor (nvidia one is older). VLC doesn’t work on Nvidia Jetson Nano
  • Raspberry Pi 4 vs NVIDIA Jetson Nano, Which one is better for your project? Note that both can handle H265 (4k 60fps)
  • No, the Raspberry Pi does not support hardware decoding for the VP9 codec. Note that for 4K videos, Raspberry Pi 4B hardware supports only H265 (HEVC) codec. You can use a media player like VLC or Kodi to play a 4K 60fps video file. Make sure the video file is encoded with the H265 codec. This means that while it can technically decode VP9 video, it must do so using software decoding, which is much less efficient and may not be able to handle 4K video at 60fps.
  • Run Your Raspberry Pi at 4K 60Hz. Note that you still won't be able to select 4K resolution for YouTube videos in the Chromium web browser. Nor can you play 4K 60Hz videos in the VLC multimedia player from the desktop. However, you should be able to play compatible 4K 60Hz HEVC videos in the Kodi media player if you have it installed.

CVE

Get started

Hello AI World

Ubuntu 20.04

Install Ubuntu 20.04 on Jetson Nano

Post installation

  • Use gparted to increase the partition /dev/mmcblk0 on another computer.
  • sudo apt install openssh-server
  • sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon
  • Switch from GNOME to LXDE & lightdm (cf xfce4). Save 1GB of Memory! Use LXDE on your Jetson.
  • Setup tightvncserver. Seee Remote Desktop. Remember to set up VNC server system at startup. In ".vnc/xstartup", use "startlxde&" instead. For 16:9 ratio, consider 1366×768 or 1280×720.
  • Install jtop to monitor CPU/GPU usage, temperature, et al. jtop is better than tegrastats 
    sudo apt install python3-pip
sudo -H pip3 install -U jetson-stats
  • Remove snap 
    snap list
sudo apt remove --purge snapd
sudo apt-mark hold snapd
  • nano ~/.bashrc. Add a line LS_COLORS="di=1;31"
  • Test gst-launch-1.0 
    gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=Big_Buck_Bunny_4K.mp4 !  \
    qtdemux ! queue ! h264parse ! nvv4l2decoder ! \
    nv3dsink window-width=1280 window-height=720
  • Install exiftool 
    sudo apt install libimage-exiftool-perl
exiftool Big_Buck_Bunny_4K.mp4
  • sudo apt install terminator, neofetch

Ubuntu 20.04/22.04/24.04

  • https://github.com/TWTom041/jetson-nano-image-ubuntu22.04 
    sudo apt install  liblzo2-dev liblz4-dev

git clone -v https://github.com/ckolivas/lrzip.git; cd lrzip
./autogen.sh
./configure
make -j `nproc`
sudo make install
lrunzip jetson-nano-2gb_22.04_32.7.4.img.lrz
    • I use Pi imager to write img to SD card. It does not work. I also try to use the "just flash-jetson-image" command and it does not make any difference.
  • I follow the instruction to build the image and the image (22.04) I built works! 
    curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.3 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
# choose 1
Rust is installed now. Great!

To get started you may need to restart your current shell.
This would reload your PATH environment variable to include
Cargo's bin directory ($HOME/.cargo/bin).

To configure your current shell, you need to source
the corresponding env file under $HOME/.cargo.

This is usually done by running one of the following (note the leading DOT):
. "$HOME/.cargo/env"            # For sh/bash/zsh/ash/dash/pdksh
source "$HOME/.cargo/env.fish"  # For fish

$ . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
$ rustc --version
rustc 1.83.0 (90b35a623 2024-11-26)
$ cargo install just
$ which just
$USER/.cargo/bin/just
    • Install podman, jq and qemu-user-static
    $ sudo apt-get -y install podman
# jq is already there; otherwise sudo apt install jq
$ sudo apt install qemu-user-static binfmt-support
    • Build Ubuntu image. The revision number 300 works. It seems revision 100 is for Jetson nano B01 board.
    $ just build-jetson-rootfs 22.04 # about 10 min, create rootfs directory
$ just build-jetson-image -b jetson-nano-2gb -l 32 # about 15 min, 5.9GB (ls -lh)
                            # No need to add "-r 300" option
$ sudo chown $USER:$USER jetson.img
$ mv jetson.img ~/Downloads/jetson-2gb-22.04.img
    • 22.04 (Jammy) is still based on kernel 4.9.337.
    • 24.04 (Noble) can not be built
    dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nvidia-l4t-wayland:
nvidia-l4t-wayland depends on libffi6; however:
Package libffi6 is not installed.
  • Cannot run Docker on Ubuntu 22.04 image. I got the same error message. 
    $ docker run hello-world
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create task for container: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: error during container init: error setting cgroup config for procHooks process: bpf_prog_query(BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE) failed: function not implemented: unknown.

Fan

sudo sh -c 'echo 255 > /sys/devices/pwm-fan/target_pwm'

To stop it just change the 255 to zero, or to slow it down put some value in between the two (its and 8 bit number, so any number between 0 and 255 will operate at a different speed).

Camera

  • ls -l /dev/video0
  • CSI Camera Not Detected on Jetson Nano. 
    $ # sudo apt-get install v4l-utils
$ v4l2-ctl --all  # very detailed
$ v4l2-ctl --list-device
vi-output, imx219 6-0010 (platform:54080000.vi:0):
	/dev/video0

NVIDIA Tegra Video Input Device (platform:vi):
	/dev/media0
$ v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext # list video formats
ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
	Type: Video Capture

	[0]: 'RG10' (10-bit Bayer RGRG/GBGB)
		Size: Discrete 3264x2464
			Interval: Discrete 0.048s (21.000 fps)
		Size: Discrete 3264x1848
			Interval: Discrete 0.036s (28.000 fps)
		Size: Discrete 1920x1080
			Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
		Size: Discrete 1640x1232
			Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
		Size: Discrete 1280x720
			Interval: Discrete 0.017s (60.000 fps)
  • Turn on/off CSI camera 
    # echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/camera-video0/streaming
  • Getting Your Camera Working on the Nvidia Nano 
    $ ls /dev/video0
$ export DISPLAY=:0   # IF WE USE SSH
$ gst-launch-1.0 nvarguscamerasrc ! \
 'video/x-raw(memory:NVMM),width=3820, height=2464, framerate=21/1, format=NV12' ! \
  nvvidconv flip-method=0 ! 'video/x-raw,width=960, height=616' ! \
  nvvidconv ! nvegltransform ! nveglglessink -e

$ gst-launch-1.0 nvarguscamerasrc sensor_id=0 ! \
 'video/x-raw(memory:NVMM),width=3280, height=2464, framerate=21/1, format=NV12' ! \
  nvvidconv flip-method=2 ! 'video/x-raw, width=816, height=616' ! \
  nvvidconv ! nvegltransform ! nveglglessink -e
  • Get Started with Jetson Nano 2GB and CSI Camera
  • Taking Your First Picture with CSI or USB Camera. 
    nvgstcapture-1.0 --automate --capture-auto --image-res=4 -S 3
ls -lt # nvcamtest_XXXX_s00_00000.jpg
# --capture-auto: Do image/video capture in automation mode for count number of times
# -A, --automate: Run application in automation mode
# default resolution is 640 x480; --image-res=2.
# --image-res=4 gives 1920x1080. --image-res=3 gives 1280x720.
# -S, --start-time: Start capture after specified time in seconds. Default = 5 sec (use with --automate or -A only)
# -S 3: automatic after 3 seconds
# --capture-time: Capture video for specified time in seconds. Default = 10 sec (use with --automate and --capture-auto only)
$ nvgstcapture-1.0 --help
...
Supported resolutions in case of NvArgusCamera
  (2) : 640x480
  (3) : 1280x720
  (4) : 1920x1080
  (5) : 2104x1560
  (6) : 2592x1944
  (7) : 2616x1472
  (8) : 3840x2160
  (9) : 3896x2192
  (10): 4208x3120
  (11): 5632x3168
  (12): 5632x4224
    • You can test if the camera is working by running this pipeline in your terminal: nvgstcapture-1.02. This command will start capture and preview display it on the screen.
    • Press 'j' to capture on image. Press 'q' to quit.
    • Press '1' to start video recording. Press '0' to stop recording.

Tips

Boot from USB

Low memory problem in Jetson nano

GPU benchmark

  • Glmark2. Glmark2 is an OpenGL 2.0 and ES 2.0 benchmark. glmark2 is a cross-platform tool that can be used to test the performance of the GPU on both platforms with and without CUDA cores.
    • sudo apt-get install glmark2
  • LuxMark

System monitor

jtop

jtop: The Ultimate Tool for Monitoring NVIDIA Jetson Devices 

sudo pip3 install -U jetson-stats
jtop

Tegrastats Utility

nvidia-smi

NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit

  • Install the NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit if you plan to use software that supports GPU acceleration for media processing tasks. Many video transcoding and processing applications can take advantage of CUDA for hardware acceleration.

jetson_clocks, power mode

  • what does jetson_clocks do? the jetson_clocks script disables the DVFS governor and locks the clocks to their maximums as defined by the active nvpmodel power mode. So if your active nvpmodel mode is 10W, jetson_clocks will lock the clocks to their maximums for 10W mode. And if your active nvpmodel is 5W, jetson_clocks will lock the clocks to their maximums for 5W mode.
  • Jetson Nano – Use More Power! nvpmodel
  • Jetson Nano 2GB Developer Kit User Guide
    • Power Consumption. There are two software-defined power modes for the Jetson module. 10W & 5W.

Hardware acceleration

Youtube streaming

Testing video. Resolution is 480p. CPU usage is 30-50%, GPU is 50%.

Temperature: CPU 46C, GPU 43.5C (no fan). CPU 24C, GPU 22C (fan 255 & loud). CPU 29C, GPU 27C (fan 75, quiet).

By default, there is no sound b/c the output is analog by default. See Jetson nano no sound output. On 2GB, assuming you didn’t choose minimal option for OS installation, go to: Sound & Video> PulseAudio Volume Control> Configuration Tab> Built-in Audio: Profile Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (instead of "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo") Change the second profile to “off” (default is on Analog).

GStreamer, gst-launch-1.0

  • Jetson Nano + Raspberry Pi Camera
  • Video Decode Examples Using gst-launch-1.0 & PDF version.
  • To test 4K video playback on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano, you can use the GStreamer multimedia framework. 
    sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-alsa \\
   gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good \\
   gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly \\
   gstreamer1.0-libav
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev \\
   libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \\
   libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-dev \\
   libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev

gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=<4k-video-file-path> ! \
   qtdemux ! h264parse ! omxh264dec ! nveglglessink -e

    Replace <4k-video-file-path> with the path to your 4K video file. Note that the performance of 4K video playback may depend on other factors such as the bitrate of the video, the overall load on the Jetson Nano, and so on

  • SSH connection. Running gst-launch-1.0 in the background and run jtop to see the resource. See also How do I use the nohup command without getting nohup.out? 
    ssh [email protected]
export DISPLAY=:0
nohup gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=lg-uhd-LG-Greece-and-Norway.mp4 ! \
  qtdemux ! queue ! h264parse ! nvv4l2decoder ! nv3dsink -e \
  >/dev/null 2>&1 &
jtop
  • Jetson Nano 2GB development kit 4k video play back question. The following is for H.264 Decode (NVIDIA Accelerated Decode). 
    gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=<filename_h264.mp4> ! \
     qtdemux ! queue ! h264parse ! nvv4l2decoder ! nv3dsink -e

    gst-launch-1.0 uridecodebin uri=file:///home/nvidia/a.mp4 ! \
     nvvidconv ! 'video/x-raw(memory:NVMM),width=1920,height=1080' ! \
     nvoverlaysink
  • mkv file. Playing videos using gstreamer on Jetson Nano
  • GStreamer on Linux 
    gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=vid.mkv ! \
      matroskademux name=dem dem.video_0 ! \
      h265parse ! nvv4l2decoder ! nvvidconv ! \
      video/x-raw ! subtitleoverlay name=sub dem.subtitle_0 ! \
      queue ! sub. sub. ! xvimagesink
  • Is "!" the same as "|" ? Ans: No, the "!" and "|" symbols are not the same in the Linux command line. The "!" symbol in a GStreamer pipeline (like in your `gst-launch-1.0` command) is used to separate and link different elements in the pipeline. The "|" symbol, also known as a pipe, is used in the Linux command line to pass the output of one command as input to another¹. This is a form of redirection that is a fundamental part of Unix-like operating systems.

4k test videos

$ exiftool Big_Buck_Bunny_4K_60fps-x265.mkv
ExifTool Version Number         : 11.88
File Name                       : Big_Buck_Bunny_4K_60fps-x265.mkv
Directory                       : .
File Size                       : 7.1 GB
File Modification Date/Time     : 2023:09:14 02:51:04+02:00
File Access Date/Time           : 2023:09:14 02:55:15+02:00
File Inode Change Date/Time     : 2023:09:14 02:54:49+02:00
File Permissions                : rw-r--r--
File Type                       : MKV
File Type Extension             : mkv
MIME Type                       : video/x-matroska
EBML Version                    : 1
EBML Read Version               : 1
Doc Type                        : matroska
Doc Type Version                : 4
Doc Type Read Version           : 2
Timecode Scale                  : 1 ms
Muxing App                      : Lavf60.3.100
Writing App                     : HandBrake 20230319201705-0cbc182b0-master 2023032001
Date/Time Original              : 2023:04:11 22:20:59Z
Duration                        : 0:10:35
Codec ID                        : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Video Frame Rate                : 60
Image Width                     : 3840
Image Height                    : 2160
Video Codec ID                  : A_AC3
Track Number                    : 3
Track Name                      : Stereo
Track Language                  : und
Track Default                   : No
Audio Codec ID                  : A_MPEG/L3
Track Type                      : Audio
Audio Channels                  : 2
Audio Sample Rate               : 48000
Tag Name                        : DURATION
Tag String                      : 00:10:34.200000000
Image Size                      : 3840x2160
Megapixels                      : 8.3

RTSP output

ffmeg

FFmpeg can be used to play 4K video on the Jetson Nano. The Jetson-FFMpeg project allows you to use FFmpeg on the Jetson Nano via the L4T Multimedia API, supporting hardware-accelerated encoding of H.264 and HEVC.

However, it's important to note that the Jetson Nano doesn't need to use GPU for hardware decoding MPEG2, H.264/AVC, HEVC, VP8 and VP9. These formats are decoded by a specific video hardware decoder (NVDEC) that can be accessed by the L4T Multimedia API².

Here is an example command to play a 4K video using FFmpeg on the Jetson Nano: 

ffplay -vcodec h264_nvmpi -i vid.mp4
ffplay -vcodec hevc_nvmpi -i vid.mp4

The `hevc_nvmpi` and `h264_nvmpi` are both hardware-accelerated video encoders provided by NVIDIA, but they are used for different video codecs¹.

  • h264_nvmpi: This is the NVIDIA hardware-assisted H.264 video encoder. H.264, also known as AVC (Advanced Video Coding), is a standard for video compression that is most commonly used to encode high definition video and distribute digital video content²⁵.
  • `hevc_nvmpi`: This encoder is used for the H.265 video codec, also known as HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding). HEVC is a more recent video compression standard that provides a more efficient compression method than H.264 but with the same level of image quality. It's particularly useful for streaming 4K content over networks like Netflix.
  • In terms of quality and performance, libx264 (a software-based H.264 encoder) might deliver better quality than `h264_nvmpi` for the same bitrate, but `h264_nvmpi` is probably faster and uses less power. The same could be true when comparing a software-based HEVC encoder with `hevc_nvmpi`.

jetson-ffmpeg from github. It supports decoding of VP9 too.

Add keyboard shortcut to launch LX terminal

How To add a shortcut key to the terminal in LXDE?

Add 

<!-- Launch LXTerminal with Ctrl+Alt+t-->
    <keybind key="C-A-t">
      <action name="Execute">
        <command>lxterminal</command>
      </action>
    </keybind>

to ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml

swap

Use as a server

10 Uses for Nvidia Jetson Nano Developer Kit

  • Web server
  • Video Processing and Live Streaming Server
  • Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning Station
  • NAS
  • Home Media Server (sudo apt-get install kodi)

LLM

Nomachine

NoMachine -Jetson Remote Desktop server

Alternative OS

https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/alternative-os/75649

Armbian

https://www.armbian.com/jetson-nano/. Blank screen on my 2GB board. It seems this image is for B01 version board, not A02 board I have.

LineageOS

ARES: aurora retro entertainment system

Kodi

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